Osteoporosis causes bone density to decrease due to decreased osteoblast activity, increased osteoclast activity, and external factors like long-term medication. Option B. All choices are potential causes.
What are the factors that promote osteoporosis?
Let us first review what the bone cells are and their functions,
• Osteoprogenitores → in charge of osteocytes production
• Osteocytes → maintain the matrix
• Osteoblasts → Synthesize and secrete osteoid matrix that will later calcify
• Osteoclasts → Phagocytic cells in charge of osseous resorption and bone modulation.
Osteoporosis is a no-symptoms disease -silent- that causes a decrease in the bone mineral and mass density and might change the bone structure.
Osteoporosis weakens the bone until it breaks. So this affection becomes evident when a fracture occurs.
Several factors lead to osteoporosis development. Among them, we can mention,
genetic factors, habits factors (lifestyle),hormonal alterations,drugs/medication
The increased rate of bone resorption is the major mechanism by which osteoporosis occurs. It deteriorates bone structure and decreases bone density.
Bone resorption and deterioration might be caused by
a decrease in osteoblast activity, leading to the decrease in osteoid matrix formation and calcification,an increase in osteoclast activity, enhancing the activity of these phagocytic cells.
Other external factors also increase the probability of developing osteoporosis. Some of them are,
long-term medications (for instance, those used in cancer treatment) excessive alcohol consumption and smokingsedentary lifestylepoor dietAccording to this framework, the potential causes of the Osteoporosis are Decreased osteoblast activity, Increased osteoclast activity, Secondary to external factors like drugs/cancers.
Hence, option B is correct, All choices are potential causes.
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Now that you have had a chance to delve into epigenetics, think about how it applies to the argument between those who say we are a product of our nature and those who think we are nurtured into what we become. Your essay should be at least 250 words and include three different ways epigenetics affects our genes. Write your essay in a separate text document and upload it for submission here.
Epigenetics represents the intersection between environment (what we eat) and genetic factors.
What is Epigenetics?Epigenetics is a subdiscipline of genetics that studies how gene expression patterns may change according to different environmental inputs.
Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs pathways.
In conclusion, Epigenetics is the intersection between environment and genetics.
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Use the information below to answer the following question(s). In a survey, the rate of heavy smokers was reported as 270 per 1000 individuals.
If two individuals are randomly selected, find the probability that neither of them is a heavy smoker.
Assume that having a child with brown eyes or blue eyes is equally likely and that eye color is independent of the other children. What is the probability of having 5 children with brown eyes?
The probability that neither of them is a heavy smoker is 0.53 or 53%
What is genetic probability?Probability serves to mathematically estimate the possibility of events that happen by chance, that is, as a matter of luck.
In this case:
Probability that selected one is heavy smoker is:
p=270/1000=0.27
Number of individuals selected is 2 and We know that:
P(X=x)=nc_x(1-p)^{n-x}(p)^x
We need to prove that X=0:
P(X=0)=nc_0(1-0.27)^{2-0}(0.27)^0
P=0.5329
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Which of the following best explains a way that a molecular clock can be used?
A) The number of DNA mutations in an organism is measured over time to determine how long it will take for a new species to evolve.
B) The number of DNA mutations in a species is compared to the number of DNA mutations in another species to determine the relative amount of time each species has been evolving.
C) The number of differences in a specific DNA sequence of two species is multiplied by a known mutation rate to determine the number of years of evolution that separate the two species.
D) The number of differences in the DNA sequences of two organisms of the same species is averaged to determine how many years of evolution have occurred.
According to the research, a molecular clock can be used to determine the number of differences in a specific DNA sequence of two species (c).
What is a molecular clock?It is a tool that allows us to relate the divergence time or the time elapsed since the divergence of two current lineages from their common ancestor.
It is based on analyzing and comparing the genetic material of organisms to establish the number of mutations.
Therefore, we can conclude that a molecular clock can be used to determine the number of differences in a specific DNA sequence of two species (c).
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look at the picture
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Which structure controls certain functions of inheritance and cell behavior?
Please help with questions 1 and 2 thank you
Answer:
the answer for number 1 is A and number 2 is C
Explanation:
1. Insulin controls the level of glucose in the blood by instructing the liver to remove the sugars and store them. So, this cause the amount of glucose (sugar) to decrease as the level of insulin increases.
2. Hormones and receptors have connections when it comes to this topic. Tissues have nothing to do with them, because it didn't ask about the body parts and etc. Antibodies; more to the drugs topic. And carbohydrates has nothing to do with hormones for this question.
PLS HELP ME BIN ON THIS ONE FOR HOURS WILL GIVE 80 PONITS IF ANSWER
Explain how you would use the number line to solve the following equation. You can write out the fraction names or use the forward slash (/) on your keyboard to represent the fraction bars.
four and two eighths minus two and five eighths equals
a number line from zero to three with a tick on every eighth
subject: science
Answer:
55/8 as a mixed fraction
Explanation:
4 2/8 - 2 5/8 = ?
Four and two-eighths can be represented as a mixed number by multiplying (4x8+2)/8 = 34/8
Two and five-eighths can be represented as a mixed number by multiplying (2x8+5)/8 = 21/8
Then, these two values can be easily added. 34+21 = 55/8
You can plot this on a number line by also representing these mixed fractions as a decimal, and then adding them - you can draw lines to represent the addition process.
Since the number line already represents a tick on every eighth (which is the fraction you would primarily be using), this will make it earlier.
How do the zones in a school of fish benefit them?
A. This allows them to move more quickly when being attacked by a predator.
B. This allows them to move in unison, so that when one moves in a zone every zone shifts.
C. This helps them filter feed.
D. This allows them to protect young in the center of the group.
Answer: B. This allows them to move in unison, so that when one moves in a zone every zone shifts.
Explanation:
Design an imaginary food web or describe a real one. Include at least 4 living organisms that interact in your ecosystem.
The trophic web is the interaction between different organisms in which there is energy transference. In the attached example, we consider plants, beetle, rabbit, frog, eagle, fox, mountainlion, and fungi.
What is the trophic web?The trophic web is the interaction between different organisms involving transference of energy when some of them feed on the other ones.
The ones placed at lower levels pass energy to the ones at the higher levels.
Organisms at each level feed on the preceding one and become food for the next one.
• The first link corresponds to a producer organism -autotroph-.
• The following links are the consumers -heterotrophs- ⇒ herbivores and carnivores.
• The last links are the decomposers that degrade organic matter from dead organisms.
Because it is a web, all organisms are in equilibrium until a change occurs. When a sudden change affects any of the involved links, there can be a cascade effect on the web.
Any change in a link population size (increasing or decreasing) will affect the superior links and the immediately anterior link.
Example.
To make the trophic web, first, we need to have at least four links.
So first, let us list the organisms we are working with, and then define the position of each of the organisms on the web.
plants,beetle,rabbit,frog,fox,mountain lion, eagle,FungiProducer → this is the autotroph organism that takes energy from the sun or any other inorganic source → An example of this is any plant.
Consumers → heterotroph
⇒ Herbivores → These are the animals that feed on any part of the plants → These are the beetle and the rabbit
⇒ Carnivores → These are the animals that feed on herbivores → These are the frog, the fox, the eagle, and the mountain lion
Decomposer → detritivorous organisms that take energy from dead matter → Fungi
Trophic web,
Plants directly provide energy to the beetle and the rabbitPlant >> Beetle and Rabbit
The eagle takes energy from the rabbit and the frog takes energy from the beetle.Rabbit >> Eagle
Beetle >> Frog
The fox takes energy from the frog and from the rabbitFrog and rabbit >> Fox
The Fox and the eagle transmit energy to the mountain lion.Fox and Eagle >> Mountain lion
Fungi takes energy from dead organic matterPlants, beetle, Rabbit, Fox, Eagle, Mountain lion >> Fungi
You will find an image in the attached files.
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What does the biodiversity of genes refer to?
A. the variety between individuals, even within a species
B. the variety between species
C. the variety between identical twins and triplets
Answer:
B
Explanation:
genetic diversity is the biological variation that occur within species
Select the correct answer.
The world produces about 3.9 billion tons of food every year. Of that amount, approximately 2.6 billion tons Is consumed each year. The rest is
wasted. What percentage of food Is wasted every year? Choose the closest answer.
OA 30%6
© B. 33.33%
© C. 60%6
© D. 66.66%
Answer:
B is the right answer .....
3.9-2.6=1.3
now to find the percentage :
1.3/3.9×100 = 33.33%
hope it helps....
If the earth’s inner core is so hot, then why isn’t it molten rock?
Answer:
The temperature of the inner core is far above the melting point of iron. However, unlike the outer core, the inner core is not liquid or even molten. The inner core's intense pressure—the entire rest of the planet and its atmosphere—prevents the iron from melting.
Explanation:
As a consequence of infection by a temperate bacteriophage such as lambda, the host cell:.
The host cell may lyse or may continue to divide and replicate both itself and the prophage.
What is the effect of temperate bacteriophage on a host cell?Lytic cycle:
The infecting phage kills the host cell at the end of the lytic cycle, also known as a virulent infection, to create a large number of its own offspring. The phage genome immediately produces early proteins that degrade the host DNA after being injected into the host cell, enabling the phage to take over the cellular machinery.
The remaining proteins needed to construct fresh phage particles are subsequently synthesized by the phage using the host cell. The new genetic material is packed into the head while new daughter phage particles are built, and the heads and sheaths are created independently. In the course of this process, phage enzymes gradually weaken the host cells, which eventually burst, dispersing 100–200 additional phage progeny into the environment.
Lysogenic cycle:
The lysogenic cycle, also known as temperate or non-virulent infection, uses the host cell as a haven where it can survive in a latent state. It does not harm the host cell. After the phage DNA is injected into the host cell, it uses integrases encoded by the phage to integrate into the host genome, at which point it becomes known as a prophage.
The host cell divides for the duration that it is there and does not create the proteins necessary to make progeny, at which point the prophage genome is passively copied alongside the host genome. The bacterial hosts are typically somewhat unaffected by this procedure because the phage genome is typically quite tiny.
I understand the question you are looking for is this:
As a consequence of infection by a temperate bacteriophage such as lambda, the host cell
lyses as a result of bacteriophage release.never lyses but continues to divide and replicate both itself and the prophage.divides faster at moderate temperatures.may lyse or may continue to divide and replicate both itself and the prophage.Learn more about bacteriophages here:
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4. How can one patient have a radiologic procedure to diagnose a condition, while another has radiation treatment to destroy a tumor?
The difference is due to the dose and the purpose of the radiation.
What is radiology?Radiology is the application of radiation in medicine to diagnose or to treat diseases.
Diagnosis of diseases is aimed at identifying the cause of a disease.
Treatment of diseases is aimed at curative purposes.
Therefore, one patient will have a radiologic procedure to diagnose a condition because the cause of the disease is yet to be ascertained, while another has radiation treatment to destroy a tumor because radiation can destroy tumors at a particular dose.
In conclusion, radiation can be use to diagnose or treat diseases based on the dose.
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The lagging strand runs in a _________ direction and is replicated _________.
A. 3’ to 5’, continuously
B. 5’ to 3’, continuously
C. 3’ to 5’, discontinuously
D. 5’ to 3’, discontinuously
The lagging strand runs in a 5’ to 3’ direction and is replicated discontinuously.
Why a discontinuous or delayed tape?The other strand, called delayed, is replicated discontinuously. In this case, the presence of Okazaki fragments is necessary, small pieces of DNA that will bind to form a new strand. - DNA is degraded by two types of enzymes.
The ends of a DNA strand are classified as 5' and 3', as they correspond to the carbon number of the pentose where the phosphate and hydroxyl (OH) group are located, which join in a phosphodiester bond.
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What kind of geological forces or events cause mountains to form? Using the Himalayan Mountains as an example, explain the process of mountain building that is caused by plate movement.
The Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate colliding caused the formation of the Himalayan Mountains and Tibetan Plateau.
When India and Tibet collided, the relatively light sedimentary and metamorphic rock that makes up the Indian subcontinent pushed against Tibet, driving it upwards, and creating a gigantic mountain fold instead of descending with the plate.
Where continental plates clash, mountains form. Each plate will not sag below the other because they are the same thickness and weight.
Instead, they give way and fold until the rocks are forced to take the shape of a mountain range. Mountains keep rising in height as the plates continue to collide.
As a result of the Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate colliding, the Himalayan Mountains and Tibetan Plateau were created.
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Which of these actions can individuals do to reduce pollution? Select all that apply.
using an electric lawn mower
turning up the air conditioner
using mass transportation
refilling car gas tanks in the evening
burning trash and leaves
Using mass transportation can reduce pollution
The movement of people within metropolitan areas utilizing mass transit, often known as mass transportation or public transportation, includes buses and trains.
Mass transportation allows for movement, can influence how land is used and how development takes place, help to create jobs and promote economic expansion, and support governmental regulations pertaining to energy use, air quality, and carbon emissions.
The ability for trade, commerce, and communication that create civilization is the significance of mass transportation. Good planning controls traffic flows and makes it possible for people to go from one place to another quietly and steadily.
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What happened to the music industry between and 1987
The music industry between 1980 and 1987 experienced a positive turnaround in quality and competition.
What is Intellectual Property Antitrust Protection Act of 1987?This act was set up by the government in 1987 to ensure that the consumer welfare was made priority.
There was an increase in quality and competition due to intellectual property laws which was established and also led to the music industry experiencing a boom.
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What are the steps in carbon dioxide sequestration?
OA. Capture carbon dioxide, transport it, and release it into the upper
atmosphere.
OB. Trap carbon dioxide, compress it, and use it to support
photosynthesis in forests.
O C. Trap carbon dioxide, compress it, and use it to produce dry-ice
products.
OD. Capture carbon dioxide, transport it, and inject it into underground
formations.
The steps in carbon dioxide sequestration is Capture carbon dioxide, transport it, and release it into the upper atmosphere.
What is carbon sequestration?The most often produced greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide. The technique of removing and storing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is known as carbon sequestration. It is one way to lessen the quantity of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which will lessen the effects of global warming. Geologic and biologic carbon sequestration are the two main forms being evaluated by the USGS.There are two main sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide: natural processes and human activity. The majority of animals, which exhale carbon dioxide as a waste product, are natural sources of carbon dioxide.The main carbon dioxide emissions from human activity are energy generation, which includes burning coal, oil, or natural gas.The steps in carbon dioxide sequestration is Capture carbon dioxide, transport it, and release it into the upper atmosphere.
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The step of Carbon sequestration capture carbon dioxide, transport it and inject it underground formations.
What is Carbon sequestration?
Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide. It is the method to reduce the carbon from atmosphere to reduce the climate changes from the environment.
The storage of Carbon is long term in Ocean, plants ,soils, geologic formations and the ocean.
Anthropogenic activities are done such as burning of fossils and release carbon for storage of coal, petroleum and natural gas and delivered to atmosphere as Co2 gas .
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Explain why using different seed types along with different water temperatures is an improper experimental design.
Answer:
Because each subject in an experiment has to have equal conditions to ensure the most accurate results. And water temperature is known to impact plant growth. An experiment using different water temperatures is a terribly inaccurate experiment.
DescDescribe the evidence for endosymbiosis that is present in eukaryotic cells today. ribe the evidence for endosymbiosis that is present in eukaryotic cells today.
The evidence for endosymbiosis present in eukaryotic cells is associated with the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
What is the endosymbiosis theory?The endosymbiosis theory is a theory in biology that states eukaryotic cells evolved as a consequence of symbiotic relationships between prokaryotes and primitive eukaryotes.
The endosymbiosis theory is supported by mitochondria and chloroplasts, which contain their own genetic material, ribosomes and a similar size when compared to bacteria.
In conclusion, the evidence for endosymbiosis is associated with the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
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For a mitocondria.
The hydrogen ion reservoir is located in the ______________________________ and ATP is synthesized in the ____________________.
Answer
For a mitocondria.
The hydrogen ion reservoir is located in the matrix and ATP is synthesized in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Question 14 of 25
A student drew the following flowchart to show the movement of nutrients.
Soil → Roots → Plants → Animals
Which process is likely to be occurring in the plant's roots?
OA. Photosynthesis
OB. Nitrogen fixation
OC. Burning of fossil fuels
O D. Water transpiration
The process likely to be occurring in the plant's roots will be nitrogen fixation.
What is nitrogen fixation?It is a process whereby atmospheric nitrogen is converted to usable forms of nitrogen in the soil.
Nitrogen fixation takes place in the root nodules of leguminous plants in association with some symbiotic bacteria.
Thus, the only process that could be happening in the plant's root is nitrogen fixation.
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Why does climate change cause more intense hurricanes?
Less energy causes more storms.
Increased energy causes stronger storms.
Less energy causes less storms.
Increased energy causes weaker storms.
Please provide the complementary DNA sequence, mRNA sequence, tRNA sequence, and amino acid sequence for the following DNA segment. ACAAGACGGTACTGA
The complementary sequence is TGTTCTGCCATGACT the mRNA is UGU UCU GCC AUG ACU and amino acid sequence Cysteine-Serine-Alanine-Methinine-Threonine.
What is the genetic code?The genetic code is a series of instructions to synthesize a protein form a given gene sequence.
The genetic code starts in the DNA, then pass to the mRNA, and finally to the protein sequence.
In conclusion, the complementary sequence is TGTTCTGCCATGACT the mRNA UGUUCUGCCAUGACU and amino acid sequence Cysteine-Serine-Alanine-Methinine-Threonine.
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Which statement best supports relocating those with mental illness to specialized hospitals from jails?
Individuals with mental illness are treated better in jails than in specialized hospitals.
Individuals with mental illness are often mistreated in jail because mental illness is misunderstood.
Individuals with mental illness should be treated the same as those with physical illness or no illness.
Individuals with mental illness can be isolated away from the public in jail.
Answer: Individuals with mental illness are often mistreated in jail because mental illness is misunderstood.
Explanation:
There are specialized hospitals made for the treatment of mental illnesses just like there are for physical illnesses. So, people with mental illnesses should be moved to specialized hospitals as they also need to be treated.
What is the purpose of psychiatric hospitals?Psychiatric hospitals are made to provide the proper treatment and care required by the people suffering from various forms of mental illnesses. These hospitals are equipped with doctors with specializations in psychiatric health, also called psychiatrists and other staff who are trained to care for the patients.
When people suffering from a mental health issue commit a crime or break the law, they should not be kept in prison as neither they nor other inmates would be safe in such a condition.
If a person suffering from a mental illness needs to be imprisoned, they should be relocated to a specialized psychiatric hospital as they would require proper treatment for their issues and would not face challenges due to other patients and staff at the hospital as they would if they were kept in jail.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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What is the maximum weight a girl can lose in 30 days?
Answer: 20 pounds in a month
Explanation: you can loose up to 5 pounds a
Name one function of this cell
Answer:
First responders of the innate immune system to prevent/reduce spread of infection through the metabolism of microorganisms (usually bacteria and fungal infection)
Explanation:
This cells is a neutrophil which you can identify through the multilobed nucleus (the 4 bright red lobes). Additionally, you can identify the type of cell by the fact that it has granules (the small circles).
Use the sample data below to answer the following question(s). Biologists studying the re-vegetation of two species of succulent plants in the South African desert examined the number of plants that survived depending on whether they were planted in multi-species clumps or planted alone. The following data resulted:
Planted in Planted
Multi-Species Clumps Alone
Number of Species 1 Survived 64 87
Number of Species 2 Survived 34 47
If two different surviving plants are randomly selected, find the probability that they both were species 1.
If two different surviving plants are randomly selected, find the probability that they both were planted alone.
The probability that they both were planted alone is 0.3325.
What is genetic probability?Probability serves to mathematically estimate the possibility of events that happen by chance, that is, as a matter of luck.
In this case:
Number of plants planted alone = 134P(both plants were planted alone) = 134/232 x 133/231 = 0.3325So the probability that both were planted alone is 0.3325.
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Which planet's motion did Kepler accurately predict to support his theory that the Sun causes the movement of the planet?
Venus
Mercury
Earth
Mars