60 points please help me i will appreciate it!

The kinetic molecular theory of matter states that:

1. Matter is made up of particles that are constantly moving.

2. A change in phase may occur when the energy of the particles is changed.

3. All particles have energy, but the energy varies depending on the temperature the sample of matter is in. This in turn determines whether the substance exists in the solid, liquid, or gaseous state.

The use of ethanol instead of acetic acid is not the wise choice.

When you are out of acetic acid and decide to use ethanol as the solvent in the transformation, it would not be a wise choice because acetic acid and ethanol are two totally different chemicals. Due to different in features, it can't act the same and the desirable results can't be observed.

So we can conclude that use of ethanol instead of acetic acid is not the wise choice.

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To use ethanol in place of acetic acid as a solvent in the transformation of 3 into 4, is not a wise choice.

Functional groups are the specific groups which after attaching to any molecule changes the property of the molecule.

Acetic acid has carboxylic (-COOH) group as functional group and ethanol has hydroxyl (-OH) functional group and both has different properties from each other. So use to ethanol in place of acetic acid is not correct as it will not fulfill the requirements of acid.

Hence use of ethanol in place of acetic acid is not a wise choice.

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Air masses are large air volume at constant humidity and a temperature it moves by convection in the atmosphere. The direction is from west to east.

Directions are the path or the points of something or an object. The earth has four major directions one towards the upper side called north, downwards called south, towards the left known as the west, and towards the right called east.

The image shows the movements of the arrow from the left to the right side. On the left is, the west and towards the right is the east.

Therefore, option a. from west to east is the movement of the air masses.

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ANSWER:

Physical chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the physical structure of chemical compounds, the way they react with other matter and the bonds that hold their atoms together. An example of physical chemistry is nitric acid eating through wood.

From the available options with respect to Taylor's experiment, none of the data is qualitative.

These are data that cannot be measured using any instrument or assigned a numerical value.

Qualitative data are observable data based on perception.

This is unlike quantitative data that can be measured using relevant instruments and assigned numeric figures.

Mass can be measured in grams using a weighing balance, angle of inclination can be measured using relevant instruments, and time can be measured using a stopwatch.

Thus, none of the options is qualitative.

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Answer:

None are Qualitative

Explanation: I took the test and got a 100%

Explanation:

Individual gas molecules have different speeds. Collisions between these molecules can change individual molecular speeds, but this does not affect the overall average speed of the system.

Answer: 1. Ions

2. Cation

Explanation:

No explanation; this is basic vocabulary. :)

Answer:

two valence states: trivalent chromium (Cr III) and hexavalent chromium (Cr VI)

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Taking into account the Charles's law, to 94.36 K or -178.64 °C must a sample of helium gas be cooled from 139ºC to reduce its volume from 3.1 L to 0.71 L at constant pressure.

This law states that the volume is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas: for a given sum of gas at constant pressure, as the temperature increases, the volume of the gas increases, and as the temperature decreases, the volume of the gas decreases.

In summary, Charles' law is a law that says that when the amount of gas and pressure are kept constant, the ratio between volume and temperature will always have the same value:

[tex]\frac{V}{T} =k[/tex]

Studying two different states, an initial state 1 and a final state 2, it is satisfied:

[tex]\frac{V1}{T1} =\frac{V2}{T2}[/tex]

In this case, you know:

Replacing in Charles's law:

[tex]\frac{3.1 L}{412 K} =\frac{0.71 L}{T2}[/tex]

Solving:

[tex]\frac{3.1 L}{412 K} T2=0.71 L[/tex]

[tex]T2 =\frac{0.71 L}{\frac{3.1 L}{412 K}}[/tex]

T2= 94.36 K= -178.64 °C

Finally, to 94.36 K or -178.64 °C must a sample of helium gas be cooled from 139ºC to reduce its volume from 3.1 L to 0.71 L at constant pressure.

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Answer:

the change of atmospheric pressure during the last few (generally three) hours before a regular observation.

Explanation:

Even small changes in barometric pressure can greatly impact the weather. The Weather Trend directional arrow icon, included on many AcuRite weather station products, will show one of the following three barometric pressure trend directions, indicating potential future weather conditions.

For an unknown using the retention times 1. 6 min for ch4, 12. 8 min for octane, 15. 4 min for the unknown, and 19. 6 min for nonane, the kovats retention index is mathematically given as

I = 807.857

Generally, the equation for the Kovats index(i)  is mathematically given as

[tex]I= \frac{100[n + (N - n) x (Log tr (unknown) - logtr (n))}{ logtr(N) - logtr(n))]}[/tex]

Therefore

[tex]I= \frac{100[ 1+8*(log(14.7) -log (1.5)}{log (19.8) - log (1.5)) 0]}[/tex]

I = 100[ 1+8*(0.991/1.12)]

I = 807.857

In conclusion, Kovats retention index

I = 807.857

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Kovats retention index is a system that converts the retention time into the independent constants of the system. The Kovats retention index for the unknown is 807.857.

The Kovats retention index (I) is the system used in analytical techniques like gas chromatography for the conversion of the retention time.  It is given mathematically as:

[tex]\rm I = \rm \dfrac{100[n+(N-n)x(Logtr(unknown)-logtr(n))}{Logtr(N)-Logtr(n)]}[/tex]

Substituting values and solving further,

[tex]\begin{aligned} \rm I &= \rm \dfrac{100[1+8 \times (Log(14.7) - log (1.5))}{(log (19.8) - log (1.5))0}\\\\&= 100 [ 1 + 8 (\dfrac{0.991}{1.12})]\\\\&= 807.857\end{aligned}[/tex]

Therefore, the Kovats retention index for an unknown is 807.857.

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0.010 M solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl has a pH of 2.00 but a 0.010 M solution of acetic acid, HCH₃COO, is 3.37 is because HCl dissociates more.

This is the separation of ions of an ionic compound when it dissolves.

Since 0.010 M solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl has a pH of 2.00 its hydrogen ion concentration is gotten from

pH = -log[H⁺]

So,

[tex][H^{+} ] = 10^{-pH}[/tex]

So, [H⁺] = 10⁻²

Also, since 0.010 M solution of acetic acid, HCH₃COO, has a pH of 3.37, its hydrogen ion concentration is gotten from

pH = -log[H⁺]

So,

[tex][H^{+} ] = 10^{-pH}[/tex]

So, [H⁺] = 10⁻³°³⁷ = 0.000427 = 4.27 × 10⁻⁴

Since the hydrogen ion concentration of HCl is 10⁻² and the hydrogen ion concentration of HCH₃COO is 4.27 × 10⁻⁴, we see that HCl dissociates more than HCH₃COO.

So, 0.010 M solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl has a pH of 2.00 but a 0.010 M solution of acetic acid, HCH₃COO, is 3.37 is because HCl dissociates more.

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The reaction which shows the bronsted-lowry acid reacting is HCl + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻.

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, the species which donates H⁺ ion to the solution is known as Bronsted-Lowry acid and which accepts H⁺ ion is known as Bronsted-Lowry base.

Among the given reactions, only the reaction which is showing Bronsted-Lowry acid is:

HCl + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻

Here HCl is a Bronsted-Lowry acid as it gives H⁺ ion in the aqueous solution.

Hence, option (3) is correct.

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When an atom gains or donates electrons to form an ion is called ionization. Hydrochloric acid with water and carbon dioxide with water are the ionization reaction.

In ionization reactions, the chemical species undergo changes to gain or lose electrons to acquire charge.

The reaction between hydrochloric acid and water to yield hydronium ion and chloride ion, and the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to yield hydronium ion and bicarbonate ion is the example of ionization as electrons are donated and gained by the species.

Therefore, the ionization reaction results in the gain or loss of electrons.

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Answer:

B and D just did it

Explanation:

When the initial concentration of crystal Violet is double, the rate of the reaction will rise up about four times the initial rate.

The rate of a chemical reaction refer to the rate of change in concentration of the reaction over the change in time. Introduction.

When you double the concentration the rate doubles. The rate is proportional to the square of the concentration of a reactant. When the rate is doubled the concentration rate goes up four times. The rate is not affected by the concentration of a reactant.

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When doubling the initial concentration of crystal violet, the rate will increase four times.

The rate doubles when the concentration is doubled.

The rate is proportional to the square of a reactant's concentration. When the concentration is doubled, the rate increases fourfold.

The concentration of a reactant has no effect on the rate.

Thus, when doubling the initial concentration of crystal violet, the rate will increase four times.

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Moles are an estimation of the smallest unit of the molecules and the atoms in a sample. The moles of ammonium nitrate in a sample are 0.5010 moles.

Moles are calculated by dividing the mass of the substance in gm by that of the molar mass in gram per mole.  

Given.

Mass of ammonium nitrate = 40.10 gm

The molar mass of ammonium nitrate = 80. 0432 g/mol

Moles of ammonium nitrate are calculated as:

[tex]\begin{aligned}\rm moles &= \rm \dfrac{mass}{molar\; mass}\\\\&= \dfrac{40.10}{80.0432}\\\\&= 0.5010 \;\rm mol\end{aligned}[/tex]

Therefore, moles of ammonium nitrate present is option d. 0.5010 moles.

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Answer:

To protect people and the environment.

Explanation:

In an ecosystem, the  goal of all environmental regulations is to protect people and the environment.

Ecosystem is defined as a system which consists of all living organisms and the physical components with which the living beings interact. The abiotic and biotic components are linked to each other through nutrient cycles and flow of energy.

Energy enters the system through the process of photosynthesis .Animals play an important role in transfer of energy as they feed on each other.As a result of this transfer of matter and energy takes place through the system .Living organisms also influence the quantity of biomass present.By decomposition of dead plants and animals by microbes nutrients are released back in to the soil.

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Answer:CAST!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Explanation:

Answer:An accompanying WMO report on greenhouse gas concentrations shows that 2015-2019 has seen a continued increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and other key greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to new records, with CO2 growth rates nearly 20% higher than the previous five years.

Explanation:That's because the annual growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide has roughly tripled, from 0.6 ppm per year in the early 1960s to an average 2.1 ppm during the past 10 years. At Mauna Loa, carbon dioxide concentrations in 2015 jumped by 3.05 ppm

Answer:

The loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change, desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops, flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and a host of problems for indigenous people.

Explanation:

Answer:

alpha particles

Explanation:

alpha particles the least penetrating but potentially most damaging and gamma rays the most penetrating. A beta particle, also called beta ray or beta radiation, is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted by the radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus during the process of beta decay.

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The relationship between the volume, temperature, and pressure of the gas can be given by Charles law. The volume of the tire is 1.1 L.

According to Charles's law, the volume is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at a constant pressure.

Charle's law can be shown as,

[tex]\rm \dfrac{V_{1}}{T_{1}} = \rm \dfrac{V_{2}}{T_{2}}[/tex]

Given,

Initial volume = 1.0 L

Initial temperature = 295 K

Final volume = ?

Final temperature = 325 K

Substituting values in the above equation the final volume can be calculated as:

[tex]\begin{aligned}\rm V_{2} &= \rm \dfrac{V_{1}T_{2}}{T_{1}}\\\\&= \dfrac{ 1 \times 325}{295}\\\\&= 1.1\;\rm L\end{aligned}[/tex]

Therefore, the final resulting volume of the tire is 1.1 L.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The molarity of a solution that has 0.05 moles of HCL are added to 2 L of H2O is 0.025M.

The molarity of a solution can be calculated using the following formula:

M = n/V

Where;

M = 0.05/2

Molarity = 0.025M

Therefore, the molarity of a solution that has 0.05 moles of HCL are added to 2 L of H2O is 0.025M.

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Answer:

Mammals do not have instincts, so they must learn all their behaviors from their parents in order to survive.

Sea turtles must survive on their own, while mammals spend time with their parents and learn how to survive as they grow.

Sea turtles are less intelligent than mammals and, thus, cannot learn new behaviors from their parents.

Explanation:

Sea turtles rely on instincts more than mammals do, beacuse to get food for their survival.

Insticts are the natural impulse or motivation which are present from the inborn time to perform some functions in order to react in some specific external stimuli.

Mammals do not react impulsively in any external conditions because they have members or friends from their famliy side, who will teach them how to behave or react. But turtles didn't have that special person, so they do work rely on instincts to get food or many other purposes.

Hence, to survive sea turtles rely on instincts more than mammals do.

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Answer:

This is my own explanation:

Explanation:

It is important to know the mixtures you input together because you may determine the type of substance you produced from different elements and several combinations of matter. This assists in identifying your specific substance.

Given the freezing-point depression for a solution is 2. 5 °C and the cryoscopic constant is 4.5 °c/m, the molality of the solution is 0.56 m.

Freezing-point depression is a drop in the temperature at which a substance freezes, caused when a smaller amount of another, non-volatile substance is added.

The freezing-point depression for a solution is 2. 5 °C. We can calculate the molality of the solution using the following expression.

ΔT = Kf × b

b = ΔT / Kf = 2.5 °C / (4.5 °C/m) = 0.56 m

where,

Given the freezing-point depression for a solution is 2. 5 °C and the cryoscopic constant is 4.5 °c/m, the molality of the solution is 0.56 m.

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The molality of a solution will be 0.56 m. if the freezing point depression for a solution is 2.5° C.

Molality is the measure of the moles of any solute in a solution per unit kg of the solvent.

Given, the freezing-point depression for a solution is 2. 5 °C

The kf is 4.5° c/m

[tex]\rm \Delta T = Kf \times b\\\\b = \dfrac{\Delta T}{kf} \\\\b = \dfrac{2.5^ \circ C}{4.5 \circ C/m} = 0.56 m[/tex]

Where T is freezing point depression

kf is cryoscopic constant of the solvent

b is molality of the solution

Thus, the molality of the solution is 0.56 m.

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Answer:

Adding Catalyst can Speed up a Chemical reaction

Answer: catalyst

Explanation:

a catalyst is a substance that helps speed up chemical reactions.

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