Answers
Answer:
the new frequency is : 302.25Hz
using the formula F2 = [tex]\frac{F1 L1}{L2}[/tex]
Explanation:
meaning of frequencyfrequency of a string is the number of vibrations of a plucked string per second. it is measured in Hertz.
the frequency of a string is inversely proportional to twice the length of the string. which means the longer the string, the smaller the freqency and the higher the string the higher the frequency.
f ∝ 1/2L.
f = k/2L
where f = frequency
L = length of string
k = constant
k = 2fL is a constant
given data
L1 = 0.62m
f1 = 234Hz
L2 = 0.48m
2f1L1 = 2f2L2
f1L1 = f2L2
f2 = f1L1/L2
f2 = [tex]\frac{234 x 0.62}{0.48}[/tex] = 302.25Hz
in conclusion, the new frequency is 302.25Hz
learn more about frequency of a vibrating string: brainly.in/question/1149252
SPJ2
Related Questions
A proton is projected toward a fixed nucleus of charge Ze with velocity vo. Initially the two particles are very far apart. When the proton is a distance R from the nucleus its velocity has decreased to 1/2vo. How far from the nucleus will the proton be when its velocity has dropped to 1/4vo
Answers
Answer:
The value is [tex]R_f = \frac{4}{5} R[/tex]
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The initial velocity of the proton is [tex]v_o[/tex]
At a distance R from the nucleus the velocity is [tex]v_1 = \frac{1}{2} v_o[/tex]
The velocity considered is [tex]v_2 = \frac{1}{4} v_o[/tex]
Generally considering from initial position to a position of distance R from the nucleus
Generally from the law of energy conservation we have that
[tex]\Delta K = \Delta P[/tex]
Here [tex]\Delta K[/tex] is the change in kinetic energy from initial position to a position of distance R from the nucleus , this is mathematically represented as
[tex]\Delta K = K__{R}} - K_i[/tex]
=> [tex]\Delta K = \frac{1}{2} * m * v_1^2 - \frac{1}{2} * m * v_o^2[/tex]
=> [tex]\Delta K = \frac{1}{2} * m * (\frac{1}{2} * v_o )^2 - \frac{1}{2} * m * v_o^2[/tex]
=> [tex]\Delta K = \frac{1}{2} * m * \frac{1}{4} * v_o ^2 - \frac{1}{2} * m * v_o^2[/tex]
And [tex]\Delta P[/tex] is the change in electric potential energy from initial position to a position of distance R from the nucleus , this is mathematically represented as
[tex]\Delta P = P_f - P_i[/tex]
Here [tex]P_i[/tex] is zero because the electric potential energy at the initial stage is zero so
[tex]\Delta P = k * \frac{q_1 * q_2 }{R} - 0[/tex]
So
[tex]\frac{1}{2} * m * \frac{1}{4} * v_o ^2 - \frac{1}{2} * m * v_o^2 = k * \frac{q_1 * q_2 }{R} - 0[/tex]
=> [tex]\frac{1}{2} * m *v_0^2 [ \frac{1}{4} -1 ] = k * \frac{q_1 * q_2 }{R}[/tex]
=> [tex]- \frac{3}{8} * m *v_0^2 = k * \frac{q_1 * q_2 }{R} ---(1 )[/tex]
Generally considering from initial position to a position of distance [tex]R_f[/tex] from the nucleus
Here [tex]R_f[/tex] represented the distance of the proton from the nucleus where the velocity is [tex]\frac{1}{4} v_o[/tex]
Generally from the law of energy conservation we have that
[tex]\Delta K_f = \Delta P_f[/tex]
Here [tex]\Delta K[/tex] is the change in kinetic energy from initial position to a position of distance R from the nucleus , this is mathematically represented as
[tex]\Delta K_f = K_f - K_i[/tex]
=> [tex]\Delta K_f = \frac{1}{2} * m * v_2^2 - \frac{1}{2} * m * v_o^2[/tex]
=> [tex]\Delta K_f = \frac{1}{2} * m * (\frac{1}{4} * v_o )^2 - \frac{1}{2} * m * v_o^2[/tex]
=> [tex]\Delta K_f = \frac{1}{2} * m * \frac{1}{16} * v_o ^2 - \frac{1}{2} * m * v_o^2[/tex]
And [tex]\Delta P[/tex] is the change in electric potential energy from initial position to a position of distance [tex]R_f[/tex] from the nucleus , this is mathematically represented as
[tex]\Delta P_f = P_f - P_i[/tex]
Here [tex]P_i[/tex] is zero because the electric potential energy at the initial stage is zero so
[tex]\Delta P_f = k * \frac{q_1 * q_2 }{R_f } - 0[/tex]
So
[tex]\frac{1}{2} * m * \frac{1}{8} * v_o ^2 - \frac{1}{2} * m * v_o^2 = k * \frac{q_1 * q_2 }{R_f }[/tex]
=> [tex]\frac{1}{2} * m *v_o^2 [-\frac{15}{16} ] = k * \frac{q_1 * q_2 }{R_f }[/tex]
=> [tex]- \frac{15}{32} * m *v_o^2 = k * \frac{q_1 * q_2 }{R_f } ---(2)[/tex]
Divide equation 2 by equation 1
[tex]\frac{- \frac{15}{32} * m *v_o^2 }{- \frac{3}{8} * m *v_0^2 } } = \frac{k * \frac{q_1 * q_2 }{R_f } }{k * \frac{q_1 * q_2 }{R } }}[/tex]
=> [tex]-\frac{15}{32 } * -\frac{8}{3} = \frac{R}{R_f}[/tex]
=> [tex]\frac{5}{4} = \frac{R}{R_f}[/tex]
=> [tex]R_f = \frac{4}{5} R[/tex]
Two equal forces act at the same time on the same motionless object, but in opposite directions. Which statement best describes the object’s resulting motion? A. The object will accelerate. B. The object will change direction. C. The object will move at a constant speed. D. The object will remain motionless.
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The object will remain motionless(i just need points)
A spanner is an example of:
i. screw ii. wheel and axle
iii. pulley
iv. wedge
formula
Answers
Answer:
The answer is "wedge"
Explanation:
A wedge is an item that tightens to a meager edge. Pushing the wedge one direction makes a force in a sideways direction. It is normally made of metal or wood and is used for parting, tightening, lifting, or fixing, as in making sure about a hammer head onto its handle.
The wedge was used in ancient occasions to part logs and shakes; an ax is also a wedge, similar to the teeth on a saw. As far as its mechanical capacity, the screw might be considered as a wedge folded over a cylinder.
Which of the following is the best example of Newton’s third law? A. A person riding a bike at a constant speed B. A car accelerating C. Rowing a boat D. An orange rolling off a tray
Answers
Answer:
C; Rowing a boat
Explanation:
Hope this helps! :3
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A 0.3 g mosquito is flying toward a girl with a speed of 4.5 mph. Just before landing on the girl, the fly is swatted straight back at a speed of 12 mph. If the fly swatter and the fly were in contact for 0.2 s, what is the force that was exerted on the fly
Answers
Answer:
1.1x10^-2N
Explanation:
We have the change in momentum as
P = 0.3(4.5+12)g.mph
= 0.3x0.447x(4.5+12)x10^-3
Then the force that is exerted will be
F = p/∆t
∆t = 0.2
= 0.3x0.447x(4.5+12)x10^-3/0.2
= 0.1341x16.5x10^-3/0.2
= 1.1x10^-2
Therefore the force that was exerted is equal to 1.1x10^-2
The required magnitude of the force exerted on the fly is of [tex]5.025 \times 10^{-3} \;\rm N[/tex].
Given data:
The mass of mosquito is, [tex]m =0.3 \;\rm g =3 \times 10^{-4} \;\rm kg[/tex]
The speed of flying is, u = 4.5 mph = 4.5 ( 0.447) = 2.01 m/s.
The swatting speed of mosquito is, v = 12 mph = 12 (0.447 ) = 5.36 m/s.
The time of contact is, t = 0.2 s.
In this problem, we will first calculate the change in momentum, and the change in momentum is given as,
p = m ( v - u)
Solving as,
[tex]p = 3 \times 10^{-4} (5.36 - 2.01)\\\\p = 1.005 \times 10^{-3} \;\rm kg.m/s[/tex]
Now as per the Newton's second law,
[tex]F = p/t\\\\F = 1.005 \times 10^{-3} / 0.2\\\\F= 5.025 \times 10^{-3} \;\rm N[/tex]
Thus, the required magnitude of the force exerted on the fly is of [tex]5.025 \times 10^{-3} \;\rm N[/tex].
Learn more about the Newton's second law here:
https://brainly.com/question/19860811
A wheel starts from rest and rotates with constant angular acceleration to reach an angular speed of 11.9 rad/s in 3.10 s. (a) Find the magnitude of the angular acceleration of the wheel.
Answers
Answer:
The value is [tex]\alpha = 3.84 \ rad/s^2[/tex]
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The constant angular speed is [tex]w = 11.9 \ rad/s[/tex]
The time taken is [tex]t = 3.10 \ s[/tex]
Generally the magnitude of the angular acceleration is mathematically represented as
[tex]\alpha = \frac{w}{t}[/tex]
=> [tex]\alpha = \frac{11.9}{ 3.10 }[/tex]
=> [tex]\alpha = 3.84 \ rad/s^2[/tex]
An asteroid has acquired a net negative charge of 149 C from being bombarded by the solar wind over the years, and is currently in equilibrium whereby it expels electrons at the same rate as it acquires them. How many more electrons does it have than protons
Answers
Answer:
93.125 × 10^(19)
Explanation:
We are told the asteroid has acquired a net negative charge of 149 C.
Thus;
Q = -149 C
charge on electron has a value of:
e = -1.6 × 10^(-19) C
Now, for us to determine the excess electrons on the asteroid, we will just divide the net charge in excess on the asteroid by the charge of a single electron.
Thus;
n = Q/e
n = -149/(-1.6 × 10^(-19))
n = 93.125 × 10^(19)
Thus, it has 93.125 × 10^(19) more electrons than protons
how many molecules of o2 are in 8.0 g of oxygen?if the o2 molecules were completely split into 9,how many mole of atoms of oxygen would be obtained?
Answers
0.5 moles
A teammate starts taking an all-natural supplement to improve strength and body shape and recommends you take it, too. This is an example of
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
online personal fittness
PLease help i will give brainliest
Answers
Answer:
1. False
2. Fats
3. False
Explanation:
MyPlate is an initiative from the United States Department of Agriculture that is designed to help Americans improve their eating habits throughout their lifetimes. Every meal matters. The five food groups represented in My Plate include vegetables, grain, dairy, protein foods, and fruits.
Calories are a source of energy for the human body. So, the more active a person is, the more energy he would need to be supplied to him in form of calories. The less active a person is, the fewer calories he would need.
The earth makes one complete revolution around the sun in 365.24 days. Assuming that the orbit of the earth is circular and has a radius of 93,000,000 mi, determine the speedand magnitude of the acceleration of the earth, while treating earth as a point particle.[Hint: you can find the angular speed]Please be consistent with the units.
Answers
Answer:
The magnitudes of the speed and acceleration of the Earth are approximately 66,661.217 miles per hour and 47.782 miles per square hour, respectively.
Explanation:
Given that the Earth has a circular orbit and make a revolution at constant speed around the Sun. Then, the kinematic formulas for the speed and acceleration of the planet are, respectively:
Speed
[tex]v = \frac{2\pi\cdot R}{T}[/tex] (1)
Acceleration
[tex]a = \frac{4\pi^{2}\cdot R}{T^{2}}[/tex] (2)
Where:
[tex]v[/tex] - Speed of the planet, measured in miles per hour.
[tex]a[/tex] - Acceleration of the planet, measured in miles per square hour.
[tex]R[/tex] - Radius of the orbit, measured in miles.
[tex]T[/tex] - Period of rotation, measured in hours.
If we know that [tex]R = 93,000,000\,mi[/tex] and [tex]T = 8,765.76\,h[/tex], then the magnitudes of the speed and acceleration of the planet is:
[tex]v = \frac{2\pi\cdot (93,000,000\,mi)}{8,765.76\,h}[/tex]
[tex]v \approx 66,661.217\,\frac{mi}{h}[/tex]
[tex]a = \frac{4\pi^{2}\cdot (93,000,000\,mi)}{(8,765.76\,h)^{2}}[/tex]
[tex]a\approx 47.782\,\frac{mi}{h^{2}}[/tex]
The magnitudes of the speed and acceleration of the Earth are approximately 66,661.217 miles per hour and 47.782 miles per square hour, respectively.
Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
Satellite technology has allowed us to monitor areas that were once so remote that we had no way of monitoring them. Review the statements and choose the one that best describes how we can use this technology to benefit the environment.
Large ocean liners use satellites to aid in navigation. This type of navigation aid is also used on cruise ships. Using satellites can help these large ships navigate waters during bad storms.
Satellite surveillance can be used to aid in port security. Satellite data can be monitored and evaluated by complex computer systems. These systems can alert officials when something unusual occurs.
Satellite technology allows us to monitor and track the changes in the polar ice sheets. This can help us plan and direct conservation efforts for the animals that depend on polar ice in order to survive.
Satellite surveillance has allowed us to map areas that were previously too remote to observe. This helps developers to locate and choose sites for large resorts.
Answers
Answer:
satellite technology helped large ocean liners guide you to our space mission.
Explanation:
Large ocean liners use satellites to aid in navigation. This type of navigation aid is also used on cruise ships. Using satellites can help these large ships navigate waters during bad storms.
Satellite surveillance can be used to aid in port security. Satellite data can be monitored and evaluated by complex computer systems. These systems can alert officials when something unusual occurs.
Satellite technology allows us to monitor and track the changes in the polar ice sheets. This can help us plan and direct conservation efforts for the animals that depend on polar ice in order to survive.
Satellite surveillance has allowed us to map areas that were previously too remote to observe. This helps developers to locate and choose sites for large resorts.
Two forces with magnitudes of 6 pounds and 18 pounds are applied to an object. The magnitude of the resultant is 13 pounds. Find the measurement of the angle between the resultant vector and the vector of the 18 pound force to the nearest whole degree.
Answers
Answer: the angle between the resultant vector and the vector of the 18 pound is 28°
Explanation:
given that data in the question; as its interpreted in the diagram below;
from the cosine rule, we know that;
a² = b² + c² - 2bc
so
(13)² = (6)² + (18)² - (2 × 6 × 18 ) cos∅
169 = 36 + 324 - 216cos∅
169 = 360 - 216cos∅
216cos∅ = 360 - 169
216cos∅ = 191
cos∅ = 0.8842
∅ = cos⁻¹ ( 0.8842 )
∅ = 27.8° ≈ 28° {nearest whole number}
Therefore the angle between the resultant vector and the vector of the 18 pound is 28°
This is an apparatus for studying the photoelectric effect. The work function of the material being investigated is 3.5 × 10–19 J. The battery is set at 1.5 V. What is the longest wavelength of light needed to produce an electric current from the cathode (C) to the anode (A)?
Answers
Answer:
The longest wavelength of light needed to produce current is 567.9 nm.
Explanation:
Given;
minimum energy required to produce electric current from the cathode to anode = work function, E = 3.5 x 10⁻¹⁹ J
E = hf
[tex]E = \frac{hc}{\lambda}[/tex]
where;
c is speed of light = 3 x 10⁸ m/s
λ is the longest wavelength of light needed to produce current
[tex]E = \frac{hc}{\lambda} \\\\\lambda = \frac{hc}{E} \\\\\lambda = \frac{(6.626\times 10^{-34})(3\times 10^8)}{3.5\times 10^{-19}}\\\\\lambda = 5.679 \times 10^{-7} \ m\\\\\lambda = 567.9 \times 10^{-9} \ m\\\\\lambda = 567.9 \ nm[/tex]
Therefore, the longest wavelength of light needed to produce current is 567.9 nm.
At what angle should the roadway on a curve with a 50-m radius be banked to allow cars to negotiate the curve at 12 m/s even if the roadway is icy (and the frictional force is zero)
Answers
Answer:
The value is [tex]\theta = 16.38^o[/tex]
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The radius is [tex]r = 50 \ m[/tex]
The velocity is [tex]v = 12 \ m/s[/tex]
Generally the angle is mathematically represented as
[tex]\theta = tan^{-1} [\frac{v^2}{ gr} ][/tex]
=> [tex]\theta = tan^{-1} [\frac{12^2}{ 9.8 * 50 } ][/tex]
=> [tex]\theta = tan^{-1} [ 0.2939 ][/tex]
=> [tex]\theta = 16.38^o[/tex]
A body travels 10 meters during the first 5 seconds of its travel, and it travels a total of 30 meters over the first 10 seconds of its travel. What is
its average speed during the time from t 5 seconds to t - 10 seconds?
A. 2 meters/second
В. 3 meters/second
С. 4 meters/second
D. 5 meters/second
E. 6 meters/second
Answers
suppose a wireless charging system of an electric toothbrush. the charger has solenoid 1 with 800 turns and the toothbrush has solenoid 2 with 150 turns what is the mutual inductance
Answers
Complete Question
Suppose a wireless charging system of an electric toothbrush. The charger has Solenoid 1 with 800 turns and the toothbrush has Solenoid 2 with 150 turns. The current in the charger is 220 mA and the corresponding average magnetic flux through Solenoid 2 is 0.056 Wb. What is the mutual inductance of the pair of the solenoids?
Answer:
The value is [tex]M = 38.2 \ H[/tex]
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The number of turns of solenoid 1 is [tex]N_1 = 800[/tex]
The number of turns for solenoid 2 is [tex]N_2 = 150 \ turns[/tex]
The current in the charger is [tex]I = 220 \ mA = 220 *10^{-3} \ A[/tex]
The magnetic flux through solenoid 2 is [tex]\phi = 0.056 \ Wb[/tex]
Generally mutual inductance is mathematically represented as
[tex]M = \frac{N_2 * \phi }{ I }[/tex]
=> [tex]M = \frac{150 * 0.056 }{ 220 *10^{-3} }[/tex]
=> [tex]M = 38.2 \ H[/tex]
Nuclear power plants produce energy using:________
a. nuclear fission.
b. nuclear fusion.
c. combustion.
d. critical mass.
Answers
Answer: a. nuclear fission.
Explanation:
Nuclear power plants use heavy materials, like uranium 238, which is bombarded with neutrons. When the neutrons interact with the uranium, there is fission (a division of one atom into smaller ones and other subatomic particles), and in this process, more neutrons are produced. These new neutrons may impact other atoms of uranium and continue with this cycle, generating heat in the process.
Then we can conclude that nuclear power plants produce energy using nuclear fission.
Including them, the mass of the balloon was 1890 kg and had a volume of 11,430 m3 . The balloon floats at a constant height of 6.25m above the ground. What is the density of the hot air in the balloon
Answers
Given :
The mass of the balloon was 1890 kg and had a volume of 11,430 m3 .
The balloon floats at a constant height of 6.25m above the ground.
To Find :
The density of the hot air in the balloon.
Solution :
We know,
Volume × ( Density of surrounding air - Density of hot air ) = mass
Putting given values in above equation, we get :
[tex]11430\times ( 1.29 - \rho_{hot \ air } ) = 1890\\\\\rho_{hot \ air } = 1.29 - \dfrac{1890}{11430}\\\\\rho_{hot \ air } = 1.125\ kg\ m^3[/tex]
Therefore, the density of hot air in the balloon is 1.125 kg m³.
A rugby players runs 10.0 m straight down the playing field in 2.00 s. The player is then hit and pushed 5.00 m straight backward in 1.50 s. The player breaks the tackle and runs straight forward another 17.2 m in 4.10 s. Calculate the velocity for the players entire motion.
Answers
Answer:
2.92 m/s
Explanation:
For the entire motion, the average velocity (V) can be calculated thus;
V = [tex]\frac{displacement}{time}[/tex]
Total displacement of the player = 10.0 + (-5) + 17.2
= 22.2 m
Total time = 2.00 + 1.50 + 4.10
= 7.60 s
V = 22.2/7.60
= 2.92 m/s
Hence, the velocity of the players for the entire motion is 2.92 m/s.
A force of 250 N is applied to a hydraulic jack piston that is 0.02 m in diameter. If the piston that supports the load has a diameter of 0.15 m, approximately how much mass can be lifted by the jack
Answers
Answer:
1400.38N
Explanation:
Step one
Given data
P1= 250N
D1= 0.02m
A1= πD1^2/4
substitute
[tex]A1= 3.142*0.02^2/4\\\\A1=3.142*10^-4[/tex]
D2= 0.15m
A1= πD2^2/4
[tex]A2= 3.142*0.15^2/4\\\\A2=1.76*10^-3[/tex]
Required
The load P2
Step two:
Applying the hydraulic expression for a non-compressible fluid
we know that
Pressure= force/are
P1/A1=P2/A2
[tex]250/3.142*10^-4= P2/1.76*10^-3[/tex]
cross multiply we have
P2= 1.76*10^-3*250/3.142*10^-4
P2=0.44/3.142*10^-4
P2=1400.38N
In order for convection to transfer heat, particles need to
Select one:
a.
absorb solar and fossil energy
b.
circulate and move within a liquid or gas
c.
make contact with the heat source
d.
transmit electromagnetic waves
Answers
Answer:
the answer is b mark me as the brqinlist
differentiate between capital g and small g
Answers
Answer:
Capital (G) is a universal gravitation law. and small (g) is acceleration of gravity of the each (9.8m/s^2)
Explanation:
According to the web
Which number is written using standard scientific notation?
O A. 40x10°
B. 10.29x10
C. 3.47x10-7
D. 0.02x102
Answers
You might think that an ultraviolet light shining on an initially uncharged electroscope would cause the electroscope to become positively charged as photoelectrons are emitted. In fact, ultraviolet light has no noticeable effect on an uncharged electroscope. Why not
Answers
Answer:
Positively Charge formation on the electroscope pulls the electrons so no emission happens.
Explanation:
Photoelectric effect is the process by which the electrons get ejected when light of certain frequency falls on the material. The energy from the electromagnetic radiation excites the electron by providing it enough energy as a result it gets ejected.
The Ultraviolet(UV) light is a form of electromagnetic radiation, If the UV radiation strikes an uncharged electroscope, it is predicted that it will cause the electrons in the electroscope to excite and to be emitted. But on the contrary no noticeable effect is observed on the electroscope this happened because when UV light makes the electroscope positively(+) charged this creates a pull for the electrons, as a result rather emitting the electrons gets pulled by the positively charged electroscope.
Therefore the positively charge formation on the electroscope hinder the electrons emission and there is no noticeable effect.
If a man has
a mass of 115 pounds what what is his mass in gram
Answers
Answer:
52,163.1
Explanation:
Determine the wavelength of a wave with a frequency of 100hz and a velocity of 5m/s.
Answers
We are given:
Frequency of the wave = 100 Hz
Velocity of the wave = 5 m/s
Finding the Wavelength:
We know the relation between the wavelength and frequency is:
u = νλ [where ν is the frequency, u is the speed and λ is the wavelength]
5 = 100*(λ)
λ = 5/100 [dividing both sides by 100]
λ = 1/20
λ = 0.05 m
Hence, the wavelength is 0.05 m
9. A 15kg mass is lifted upward at a constant speed to a height of 22 m. Calculate the work done by the lifting
force.
Answers
Work done by lifting is 3,300 Newton.
Given that;
Mass of thing = 15 kg
Height lifted = 22 m
Find:
Work done by lifting
Computation:
Work done = mgh
Work done by lifting = (15)(10)(22)
Work done by lifting = 3,300 Newton
Learn more:
https://brainly.com/question/14729868?referrer=searchResults
Thermal expansion of a gas causes a change in the ____ of the gas.
A. Radioactiveness
B. Density
C. Mass
D. Altitude
Answers
Answer:
B. Density
Explanation:
Thermal expansion of a gas will cause a definite change in the density of the gas.
It is product of an increase in the average kinetic energy of the system in which molecules are found.
Gaseous thermal expansion will increase the volume in which gases occupy. Mass of the gas will still remain the same. Since density is the mass per unit volume, as the gases expand, their density reduces more and more.Therefore, thermal expansion of gas will cause a change in the density of the gas.
Consider a box with the same mass and velocity instead sliding without friction toward the incline. How does this object's kinetic energy before the incline compare to the sphere
Answers
Answer:
Object's kinetic energy is high on frictionless medium.
Explanation:
There is a great difference in object's kinetic energy which is present between sliding with friction and sliding without friction because friction decreases the speed of an object so if an object moves on the frictionless medium, it moves and covers more distance and we can say that the object has more kinetic energy while on the other hand, if a body moves on the medium and experience friction so it moves with little speed so we can say that the body has low kinetic energy.