the thickness of the atmosphere is 1.80 km.
According to special relativity, time appears to pass slower for a moving object than for an object at rest. This effect is known as time dilation. In the case of the muon traveling through the atmosphere at a high speed of 0.9998 c, time appears to pass slower for the muon compared to an observer on the ground.
Using the formula for time dilation, we can calculate the time experienced by the muon as it travels through the atmosphere:
t_muon = t_observer / gamma
where t_observer is the time measured by an observer on the ground and gamma is the Lorentz factor given by:
gamma = 1 / sqrt(1 - v^2/c^2)
where v is the speed of the muon and c is the speed of light.
Plugging in the values, we get:
gamma = 1 / sqrt(1 - 0.9998^2) = 10.01
t_muon = t_observer / gamma = (60 km / 0.9998 c) / 10.01 = 5.992 microseconds
Therefore, the thickness of the atmosphere according to the muon is:
d_muon = v * t_muon = 0.9998 c * 5.992 microseconds = 1.80 km
So, according to the muon, the thickness of the atmosphere is 1.80 km.
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To determine the thickness of the atmosphere according to the muon, we'll need to apply the concept of length contraction. Length contraction occurs when an object travels at a significant fraction of the speed of light (c), causing its observed length to contract.
Given that the muon travels at a speed of 0.9998c, we can calculate the Lorentz factor (γ) using the equation:
γ = 1 / √(1 - v²/c²)
Where v is the speed of the muon (0.9998c) and c is the speed of light.
γ = 1 / √(1 - (0.9998c)²/c²)
γ ≈ 16.1
Now, we can calculate the thickness of the atmosphere according to the muon using the length contraction equation:
L' = L / γ
Where L' is the contracted length (thickness of the atmosphere according to the muon), L is the actual length (60 km), and γ is the Lorentz factor.
L' = 60 km / 16.1
L' ≈ 3.73 km
So, according to the muon, the thickness of the atmosphere is approximately 3.73 km.
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please help Which of the following best describes scientific facts?
a.They are universally accepted as true.
b.They describe a certain phenomenon in nature.
c.They are regularly updated as new evidence arises.
d.They predict a relationship between variables.
Answer: a. They are universally accepted as true.
Explanation: Scientific facts must be universally accepted as true, if not they can't be accepted
Estimate the value of the gas-phase diffusion coefficient for the following gas pairs using the Hirschfelder equation
Helium and air
The Hirschfelder equation, D(air-He) = 2.22 x 10-5 cm2/s, can be used to calculate a gas-phase diffusion coefficient of air and helium.
What is Diffusion ?Difussion is a crucial step in the manufacturing of some products, including semiconductors, where it is utilised to create the proper chemical composition. It involves molecules moving from a region of higher concentration to one with a lower concentration. This phenomenon, which is brought about by the random movement of molecules, occurs naturally in all systems. The process of diffusion is crucial for a variety of processes, such as the transmission of heat, the exchange among gases during respiration, and the passage of nutrients through cell.
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In a paragraph of no less than five complete sentences, explain how the bubble gum
experiment demonstrates the Law of Conservation of Mass. Remember to use
proper grammar and mechanics when writing your paragraph.
A race car sets out on a 100.0 km race. At the halfway marker, the pit crew notes that the driver has averaged only 80.0 km/h. What speed must the driver maintain for the second half of the race in order to average 100.0 km/h overall?
The driver has to maintain the speed of 133.3 km/h for second half of the race in order to average 100km/h.
What does "average velocity" and "speed" mean?In order to calculate average velocity, divide the change in position or displacement (x) by the time intervals (t) during which the displacement takes place. Depending on the displacement's sign, the average velocity can either be positive or negative. Meters per second (m/s or ms-1) is the SI measure for average velocity. By dividing the entire distance the body has traveled by the amount of time it took to cross that distance, the average speed formula can be calculated.
To complete the race in 1 hr => 100 km/hr in a 100 km
Driver is going 80 km/hr at half way marker (50m).
Time taken to cover 50m = 50 km * (1 hr/80 km) = 5/8 hour.
Total time to complete the race on average 100 km/hr is 1 hr.
Hence, time required to cover second half of the race => 1 hr - 5/8 hr
=> 3/8 hr
v= 50km/(3/8 hr) = 50*(8/3) = 133.3 km/h
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An electric penal sharpener is has a cument of 0.05A. The voltage is 6v. What is the resistance?
The total resistance in the circuit is 120 ohms
According to Ohm's law E= I*R
where E => Electromotive force that we know as Voltage
I refer to the Current in the circuit
From the given law, we can say that
voltage = current x resistance
so voltage in the circuit is 6v
and the current in the circuit is 0.05A
and resistance is x ohms
so
6= 0.05*xx= 6/0.05x = 120so the resistance in the circuit is 120 Ohms. The Current in the circuit is directly proportional to the voltage in the circuit at a constant resistance.
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What is the power (in Watts) of a bus that uses 35 N of force to move 20 m in 5s?
Power is the rate at which work is done, and it is measured in watts (W). It can be calculated using the formula:
Power = Work / Time
Work can be calculated using the formula:
Work = Force x Distance x cos(theta)
where Force is measured in Newtons, Distance is measured in meters and theta is the angle between the force and displacement vectors.
As we are not giving any value for the angle between force and displacement vectors, we can assume it's zero degree, so the cos(0)=1
So we can plug in the given values to find the work done:
Work = 35 N x 20 m x 1 = 700 J
Now we can calculate power:
Power = 700 J / 5 s = 140 W
Therefore, the power of the bus is 140 Watts
A pitcher applies an average force of 6.2 N in the forward direction on a baseball for 0.65 seconds. The baseball’s mass is 0.145 kg. and initial velocity is zero.
What momentum does the baseball have as it is released by the pitcher?
How fast is the baseball going after the impulse?
The catcher catches the baseball in the problem above. It takes 0.15 seconds to stop the ball. How much average force must the catcher apply during that time interval? (Ignore air resistance.)
Answer:
1. The momentum of the baseball as it is released by the pitcher is 0.913 Ns.
2. The velocity of the baseball after the impulse is 9.3 m/s.
3. The average force that the catcher must apply during the 0.15 second time interval is 12.2 N.
Explanation:
1. Momentum = Force x Time = 6.2 N x 0.65 s = 0.913 Ns
2. Velocity = Momentum / Mass = 0.913 Ns / 0.145 kg = 9.3 m/s
3. Force = Change in Momentum / Time = (0.913 Ns - 0) / 0.15 s = 12.2 N
Organic matter such as wood, rice hulls, and sugar cane are all renewable and are examples of _____.
fission produces
nuclear fuels
fossil fuels
biomass
Answer:
d biomass
Explanation:
A car goes forward along a level road with a certain acceleration, a. The additional force needed to bring the car into equilibrium is.
The additional force needed to bring the car into equilibrium is equal to the mass of the car times the acceleration of the car, or F = ma.
What is equilibrium?Equilibrium is a state of balance and stability between opposing forces or actions. In economics, it refers to the point where the supply and demand for a given product or service are equal, and the market price of the product or service is stable. In physics and chemistry, equilibrium is a state in which different competing forces are balanced, so that no net change is observed. In biology, it is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. Ultimately, equilibrium is a state of balance, stability, and homeostasis.
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8 PM THANK YOU SO MUCH!
A
excretion, because Energy is being released alongside carbon dioxide and water. (on a personal side note it sounds like what happens to your cells/body when you exercise.)
If you run at a consistent pace of 5 meters per second, how many meters could you run in
60 seconds?
5 × 60 = 300
Therefore, you could run 300 meters in 60 seconds.
Answer:
300 meters
Explanation:
5 x 60 = 300
An amusement park ride consists of a rotating circular platform 7.4 m in diameter from which 10 kg seats are suspended at the end of 1.81 m massless chains. When the system rotates, the chains make an angle of 26.6 degree with the vertical. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s
a). what is the speed of each seat? answer in units of m/s
b). if a child of mass 49.1 kg sits in a seat, what is the tension in the chain ( for the same angle)? answer in units of N
a) The speed of each seat in an amusement park ride of a rotating circular platform is calculated to be 5.57 m/s.
b) The tension in the chain if a child of mass 49.1 kg sits in a seat is calculated to be 650.79 N.
a) By drawing a free body diagram, we represent the two types of forces on the seat. They are represented by the equation, sum of forces in the y direction,
∑F = ma
T cos θ − mg = 0
T = mg / cos θ
Sum of forces in the centripetal direction,
∑F = ma
T sin θ = m v² / r
(mg / cos θ) sin θ = m v² / r
m g tan θ = m v² / r
g tan θ = v² / r
v = √(gr tan θ)
First, let us find the radius of the path,
r = 7.4 / 2 + 1.81 sin 26.6°
r = 3.7 + 1.81× 0.45 = 6.33 m
v = √(9.8 m/s² × 6.33 m × tan 26.6°)
v = √(9.8 × 6.33 × 0.5) = 5.57 m/s
b) T = mg / cos θ
T = (10 kg + 49.1 kg) (9.8 m/s²) / cos 26.6° = 579.2/0.89
T = 650.79 N
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A boy i winging a toy on apiece of tring in a vertical circle. The toy ha ma 150g and the radiu of circle i 0. 8m. A) he wing the toy with a linear velocity 2m/. Will the top move in a circle? explain your anwer
If the boy swings the toy with a linear velocity of 2m/s, the toy will move in a circle. The force required to maintain the toy's motion IS 750g * m/s^2
The linear velocity of an object moving in a circle is related to its angular velocity (measured in radians per second) and the radius of the circle. The linear velocity is given by the equation: v = r * w, where v is the linear velocity, r is the radius of the circle, and w is the angular velocity.
In this case, the radius of the circle is 0.8m and the linear velocity is 2m/s. Therefore, the angular velocity of the toy can be calculated as: w = v/r = 2m/s / 0.8m = 2.5 rad/s.
The toy has a mass of 150g and it moves in a vertical circle with a radius of 0.8m and a linear velocity of 2m/s, so it will move in a circle. The force required to maintain this motion is the centripetal force, which is given by the equation F = m * a, where F is the force, m is the mass of the toy and a is the centripetal acceleration. The centripetal acceleration is given by the equation a = v^2/r, where v is the linear velocity and r is the radius of the circle.
So, the force required to maintain the toy's motion is F = m * a = 150g * (2m/s)^2 / 0.8m = 750g * m/s^2
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if a cars engine is 27.5 effeicient at converting the fuels energt ubti necgabucal eberft if 1L of gasoline has 33.5J of input energy how much useful energy output will 2.50L of fuel provide
The efficiency of the engine is given 27.5%. The input energy of 2.5 L gasoline is 83.75 J. Then, the energy output will be 23.01 J.
What is engine efficiency ?The efficiency of an engine is the ratio of its output work done to the energy input. No engine can have 100% efficiency. Hence, some energy is lost in the form of heat.
Given that, the efficiency of the car's engine is 27.5 %. Input energy of 1 L gasoline is 33.5 J. Then, energy input for 2.5 l is:
input energy = 2.5 × 33.5 = 83.75 J.
Engine efficiency = energy output/ input energy × 100
O/ 83.75J × 100 = 27.5 %
O/83.75 = 0.275
then output energy = 83.75 × 0.275 = 23.01 J.
Therefore, the energy output of the fuel is 23.01 J.
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Physical Appearance Bias Definition
Discrimination on the basis of the physical appearance of a person is called physical appearance bias.
Our society has constructed a notion of physical attractiveness. It is related to the quality of the social appearance. Physically attractive people are at advantage as compared to the people who are not physically attractive. Physical appearance bias is the discriminatory behavior provided by our society to the people who are not unattractive and not so good looking. This physical attribute may be the height, weight, color of the skin, etc. This perception of discrimination of our society more often results in adverse consequences.
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Make up a situation that involves 3 forces. Write it out and show a force diagram showing all three
forces.
A car is driving on a level road and has a force of 1000 N acting on it to the right. The road has friction acting on the car with a force of 200 N to the left. The car's engine is providing a force of 800 N to the right.
Force Diagram:
[1000N] ____________
|
|
|
[800N] ____________|
|
|
|
[-200N] ___________|
Where the arrow pointing to the right represents the force acting to the right, and the arrow pointing to the left represents the force acting to the left.
The force of 1000 N is the force of the wind pushing the car to the right. The force of 200 N is the friction acting on the car from the road trying to slow it down. The force of 800 N is the force provided by the car's engine pushing the car to the right.
Which of these ranges of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelengths? A. visible light. B. X-rays. C. infrared radiation. D. ultraviolet radiation
Answer:
Ultraviolet Radiation
Explanation:
UV radiation has the highest frequency/shortest wavelength.
Range Wavelength (nm) [nm = nanometers; 10^-9m]
Ultraviolet 10-400 nm
Violet - 400-420 nm
Indigo - 420 - 440 nm
Blue - 440 - 490 nm
Green - 490 - 570 nm
Yellow - 570 - 585 nm
Orange - 585 - 620 nm
Red - 620 - 780 nm
Visible:
Historically, crash research has required the cooperation and combined knowledge, skills, creativity, and
passion of individuals from many different fields/subject areas. Explain how Col. John Stapp's research
combined several different fields of study to save human lives.
The numerous nails that come into touch with his body while he is heavy and the block are heavy are responsible for much of the force.
How are the forces caused by his weight, the block, and the hit lessened so that he can survive the situation? The numerous nails that come into touch with his body while he is heavy and the block are heavy are responsible for much of the force.Due to this, fewer nails are under pressure.A combination of the vehicle's crash worthiness, an extended impact duration, and driver-energy dissipation.In order to minimize the impact of the force in the collision, the duration is extended. This causes the force to decrease.The force would be ten times smaller if the collision period was simply extended by a factor of 10.The protagonist of The Accident serves as a messenger from the dead to the living, making death the main theme of the novel.He has experienced a living death, having died in part during the HolocaustTo learn more about crash research refer
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Express, in terms of x, the value, in cents. of x pounds of 40-cent cookies and (30-x) pounds of 50-cent cookies.
The value, in cents. of x pounds of 40-cent cookies and (30-x) pounds of 50-cent cookies are x(40) + (30-x)(50) = 40x + 1500 - 50x = 1500 - 10x
What is pound?The pound is a mass and weight measurement unit that is used in both the imperial and American customary systems. It is equal to 16 ounces or 0.45359237 kilograms. It is used in a variety of contexts, including engineering, commerce and finance, as well as everyday use. In the United Kingdom and other countries of the Commonwealth of Nations, it is the basis of their currency; one pound sterling is equal to 100 pence. The origin of the pound dates back to the Roman Empire, when it was known as the libra.
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According to the given statement 1500 -10x represents the equation in terms of x.
Is pound a mass or force?The term "pound" can also refer to a unit of mass in other situations. The pound is a unit of mass, and the international standard sign for it is lb. The weight of the mass unit (pound-mass) onto Earth's surface is about equivalent to the force unit in the "engineering" categories (middle column) (pound-force).
We are assigned the task of expressing an equation in terms of x using the provided information.
In this case, we must multiply the pounds by the number of cookies.
Where,
x=pounds × cent cookies
In light of the fact that for x pounds of 40 cent cookies.
And (30-x) pounds of 50 cent cookies
Let us form an equations in terms of x:
⇒40x+50(30−x)
⇒40x+1500−50x
⇒1500−10x
As a result, 1500 -10x represents the equation in terms of x.
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What happens when a baseball player runs from home plate to 1st base, from 1st to 2nd base, from 2nd to 3rd; and then back to home plate?
What allows negative feedback to control a system
Answer:
The system has parts that sense the amount of output, allows negative feedback to control a system
Explanation:
A 8. 43-newton force was applied for an unknown displacement; however, it is known that 376 joules of work was done. What is the value of the mystery displacement?.
The value of the mystery displacement is 8.74 m. We can find it by dividing the force value with the work that was done to the object.
How to calculate the value of the mystery displacement?As per given data are work(W) = 376 J and Force(F) = 43 N, we can use a formula that contain correlation between work and force. The formula is W = F * Δx where Δx is displacement value. Hence, in order to find the value of displacement, the calculation will be:
W = F * Δx
376 = 43 * Δx
Δx = [tex]\frac{43}{376}[/tex]
Δx = 8.74 m
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Is it possible for a fig with a mass of 0.04 kg to have a greater momentum than an elephant seal with a mass of 3,000 kg? Explain.
Yes, it is possible for a fig with a mass of 0.04 kg to have a greater momentum than an elephant seal with a mass of 3,000 kg.
What is momentum?The sum of an object's mass and velocity is termed as its momentum. It consists of both a magnitude and a direction, making it a vector quantity.
Reason for the above :For the given momentum K.E. is inversely proportional to the mass. Hence, the fig with a mass of 0.04 kg has lower kinetic energy. For two bodies having same kinetic energy, the lighter one has greater momentum.
Hence, Yes, it is possible for a fig with a mass of 0.04 kg to have a greater momentum than an elephant seal with a mass of 3,000 kg.
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Modern wind turbines are larger than they appear, and despite their apparently lazy motion, the speed of the blades tips can be quite high-many times higher than the wind speed. A turbine has blades 59 m long that spin at 14 rpm.
Modern wind turbines are larger than they appear, and despite their apparently lazy motion, the speed of the blades tips can be quite high-many times higher than the wind speed. A turbine has blades 59 m long that spin at 14 rpm. The Centripetal acceleration will be equal to 126.684 rad/sec².
We have specified the blade's length, which is radius r = 59 meters.
Angular speed ω= 14 rpm = 2x3.14x14 = 1.4653 rad/sec
60
Finding the centripetal acceleration is necessary.
Since centripetal acceleration is determined by
αc = v²/r² = ω²r ( as v =ωr)
hence, angular acceleration
αc = 1.4653 rad/sec x59 =126.684 rad/sec².
Centripetal; the rate of acceleration will be 126.684 rad/sec².
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an object is on a horizontal surface. three forces act horizontally on the object: 3 N to the left, 12 N to the right, 1 N to the left. At the same time, another three forces act vertically on the object: 4 N upwards, 10 N downwards , 2 N upwards.
determine the resultant horizontal and vertical forces acting on the object.
Answer:
Resultant horizontal force : 16 N
Resultant vertical force : 4 N
Explanation: Force acting on left : 3N
Force acting on left : 1 N
Forces acting on left : 3N + 1N = 4N
Force acting on right : 12 N
Resultant horizontal force : 12 N - 4 N = 16 N
Force acting upwards : 4 N
Force acting upwards : 2 N
Forces acting upwards : 4 N + 2 N = 6 N
Force acting downwards : 10 N
Resultant vertical force : 10 N - 6N = 4 N
How much does it cost to power a refrigerator for 30 days if it is rated at 200 watts and the power company chargers $0.035 per kWh
The required cost to power the refigerator is $5.04.
What is electric power?Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit.
To calculate the amount it takes to run the refrigerator, we use the formula below.
Formula:
A = 24NCP/1000..................... Equation 1Where:
A = Amount it takes to power the refrigerator for 30 daysN = Number of daysC = Power company chargeP = Electric Power of the refrigeratorFrom the question,
Given:
A = 24×30×0.035×200/100A = $5.04Hence, the cost is $5.04.
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A wire ring of internal radius 3cm and external radius 3.2 cm is rested on the surface of a liquid and then raised. An extra pulling force equivalent to the weight of 3.03g is required before the film breaks than it is after. Calculate the surface tension of the liquid.
The surface tension of the liquid is 24.1 g/m.
How can we calculate the value of the surface tension of the liquid?To calculate the surface tension of the liquid, we can use the formula:
surface tension = (extra force required) / (length of the film)
extra force required = 3.03 g
internal radius = 3 cm = 0.03 m
external radius = 3.2 cm = 0.032 m
The length of the film can be calculated as the circumference of the external ring minus the circumference of the internal ring:
length of the film = (2 * pi * external radius) - (2 * pi * internal radius)
= (2 * pi * 0.032 m) - (2 * pi * 0.03 m)
= 0.1257 m
So, the surface tension can be calculated as:
surface tension = (3.03 g) / (0.1257 m)
= 24.1 g/m
The surface tension of the liquid is 24.1 g/m.
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9. 5 people each pull with 200 N each on an object. What is the net force on the object?
Answer:
1000 N
Explanation:
The net force is sum of all forces when considering in a one-dimensional motion. Since each people pull the object 200 N then that means 5 people together would pull 5 × 200 N = 1000 N.
Therefore, the net force is 1000 N
You serve a ball with a mass of 3.8 kg. The ball leaves your hand with a speed
of 38 m/s. What is the ball's kinetic energy?
Answer:
Below
Explanation:
Kinetic Energy = 1/2 m v^2
K.E. = 1/2 ( 3.8 kg) ( 38 m/s)^2 = 2743.6 J
A boy throws a 1 kg rock with a force of 5N. What is the acceleration of the rock when
he lets go of it?
Answer:
5m/s²
Explanation:
mass of the rock = 1kg
Force = 5N
As we know that,
Force= mass*acceleration
Substitute the respective values,
5N = 1kg * a
a = 5N/1kg
a = 5m/s²
And we are done!