So the frequency of the dominant allele in the population is 0.484, or 0.484 to 3 decimal places.
The frequency of the dominant allele (p) can be calculated using the following formula:
p + q = 1
where p is the frequency of the dominant allele and q is the frequency of the recessive allele.
To find the frequency of the dominant allele, we need to calculate the proportion of individuals in the population that have the AA genotype, since they carry two copies of the dominant allele.
The total number of individuals in the population is:
N = AA + Aa + aa = 18 + 26 + 20 = 64
The number of copies of the dominant allele in the population is:
2AA + Aa = 2(18) + 26 = 62
Therefore, the frequency of the dominant allele (p) is:
p = (2AA + Aa) / 2N = 62 / 2(64) = 0.484
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What describes the relationship between a dominant and recessive allele?
Answer:
Dominant refers to the relationship between two versions of a gene.
Explanation:
Individuals receive two versions of each gene, known as alleles, from each parent. If the alleles of a gene are different, one allele will be expressed; it is the dominant gene. The effect of the other allele, called recessive, is masked.
Foreign substances in the body that are too small to start an immune response by themselves are called
Foreign substances in the body that are too small to start an immune response by themselves are called hapten .
Antigens are compounds, typically proteins, found on the surface of bacteria, fungi, viruses, or cells. Antigens can also include nonliving things including poisons, chemicals, medications, and foreign objects (like a splinter). Antigen-containing compounds are recognized by the immune system, which then attempts to destroy them.
What is a hapten in immunology?
Hapten, also spelled haptene, small molecule that stimulates the production of antibody molecules only when conjugated to a larger molecule, called a carrier molecule. Related Topics: epitope antigen.
What is the difference between antigen and hapten?
An antigen is a complete molecule that can initiate an immune response on its own, whereas a hapten is an unfinished molecule that is incapable of initiating an immunological response on its own. Two forms of immunogens that can cause immunological reactions are antigen and hapten.Learn more about hapten
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What tissue type can be found bridging the two halves of the once severed muscle bellies?
Connective tissue is the answer.
A tissue that supports, protects and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body. Connective tissue also stores fat, helps transport nutrients and other substances between tissues and organs, and helps repair damaged tissue.
There are four classes of connective tissue: blood, bone, cartilage, and auto connective tissue. They are further subclassed and typed: I want you to be able to identify all the different types of connective tissue and learn their position in the body.
Examples of special connective tissues are adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, blood and lymph.
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As a result of the Ordovician Mass Extinction, many reef building organisms went extinct, but reefs recovered in only a few hundred thousand years.
This given statement, as a result of the Ordovician Mass Extinction, that many reef-building organisms went extinct, but reefs recovered in only a few hundred thousand years is false.
What happened in the Ordovician mass extinction?
The Ordovician-Silurian extinction, which occurred 443 million years ago, resulted in the destruction of 85% of all species on Earth. The many marine species living in warm, shallow coastal waters were severely harmed, most likely as a result of global cooling and declining sea levels. There were many different types of animals affected by this extinction, including brachiopods, corals, trilobites, echinoderms, and mollusks. Species that were unique to the eastern United States were particularly vulnerable.
The Late Ordovician glacier, which quickly extended over Gondwana at the beginning of the Hirnantian and changed the Earth's temperature from a greenhouse to an icehouse, is widely blamed for this extinction pulse.
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In the electron transport chain, electrons are shuttled through a series of membrane proteins, which creates a gradient of:__________
Electrons are shuttled through a series of membrane proteins, which creates a gradient of: Proton across the thylacoid membrane.
The electron shipping chain is a series of electron transporters embedded in the internal mitochondrial membrane that shuttles electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen.
Within the electron shipping chain, electrons are handed from one molecule to any other, and electricity released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient. In chemiosmosis, the electricity saved within the gradient is used to make ATP.
A proton gradient is shaped via two quinol oxidations at the Qo site to form one quinol at the Qi website online in general six protons are translocated: two protons lessen quinone to quinol and 4 protons are launched from ubiquinol molecules.
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In the electron transport chain, electrons are shuttled through a series of membrane proteins, which creates a gradient of Protons.
A Proton Gradient is needed in ETS which is the result of the transfer of the electrons flowing through the ETS complexes. ETS pumps the protons from matrix of organelle to the intermembrane space.
Following are the complex that are involved in the ETS:
Complex I - NADH DehydrogenaseComplex II - Succinate DehydrogenaseComplex III - Cytochrome bc1Complex IV - Cytochrome c oxidaseComplex V - ATP Synthetase complexThe flow of electrons through ETS Complex generates a proton gradient which is needed for the synthesis of ATP through the Complex V - ATP Synthetase complex.
ETS is called as Oxidative Phosphorylation which is the indirect production of ATP . The final acceptor of electron is Oxygen in ETS.
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Using whole blood as the specimen of choice in an automated analytical system Group of answer choices essentially eliminates specimen preparation time. allows the operator to use a secondary tube for analysis. keeps the specimen from undergoing degradation. allows for the avoidance of carry-over.
Using whole blood as the specimen essentially eliminates specimen preparation time.
Whole Blood
Whole blood contains both the liquid fraction and the cellular elements. The liquid fraction is the blood plasma and the cellular components are RBCs, WBCs, clotting factors, etc. The whole blood is drawn from a person and transferred to plain tubes with different color tops. The color tops indicate what the contents inside the tube are.
Whole blood is used for running various tests as it reduces the time spent preparing individual specimens. It also helps to reduce errors and limits human input to a bare minimum since the system is highly automated. Also, the whole blood sample contains all the elements of blood which allows the investigator to perform a multitude of tests least of which includes the complete blood count test.
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Assessment of genetic risk for distribution of total interstitial white matter neurons in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: role in schizophrenia
Assessment of genetic risk for distribution of total interstitial white matter neurons in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: role in schizophrenia
It has been demonstrated that tissue engineering scaffolds with oxygen generating components can boost the amount of oxygen and cell viability under some circumstances. In this study, direct-write assembly (robocasting) was used to create biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds with a composition of 60% hydroxyapatite (HA) and 40% beta-tricalcium phosphate (-TCP), which have demonstrated a high potential for bone tissue engineering applications. The three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds were then dip-coated with various concentrations of calcium peroxide (CPO), an oxygen releasing agent, and employed for in situ oxygen synthesis in the implanted sites. CPO was contained within a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix. Different methodologies were used to describe the created scaffolds' morphology, content, and structure.
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An inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background is: Aplastic anemia Pernicious anemia Sickle cell anemia Thalassemia 15.
An inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background is thalassemia.
What is anemia and how it causes?Anemia is a condition where there are either too few red blood cells or too little hemoglobin in them.Iron-deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, aplastic anemia, and hemo- lytic anemia are the three types of anemia.The immune system targeting the stem cells in your bone marrow is the most frequent cause of aplastic anemia. Radiation and chemotherapy treatments are two more variables that might harm bone marrow and alter blood cell formation.Aplastic anemia that runs in the family is transmitted genetically from father to offspring. Compared to acquired aplastic anemia, it is typically diagnosed in childhood and is significantly less frequent.
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To protect against termites and to provide for ventilation, a ________________ is built beneath the home.
Crawl space
To protect against termites and to provide ventilation, a crawl space is built beneath the home.
What is the purpose of a crawl space?
Similar to a basement, a crawl space has vents that let outside air in. There are some crawl spaces that are full height, like a basement, while there are others that are only two feet tall or less, requiring you to crawl on your belly.
The ability to more readily access the systems, such as the wiring, plumbing, gas hookups, and ventilation, is the main advantage of a crawl space over a concrete slab foundation.
At the top of the foundation wall, there are many air vents for ventilated crawl areas. In order to allow unrestricted movement of outside air throughout the room, the vents are positioned across from one another.
Crawl spaces are also the preferred type of foundation in regions where termites or excessive moisture damage the earth.
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State the shortest number of days it takes an Earth observer to see the same phase of the Moon twice.
Answer:29.5 days
Explanation:
It takes 29.5 days for observers from earth to look at the moon phase twice.
What are the phases of the moon?The fact that the moon orbits the earth every 27.3 days and the phases cycle once every 29.5 days might be perplexing. The rotation of the Earth around the Sun is to blame for this.
Our Moon completes one full orbit of the Earth in 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. The distance between our Moon and far-off "fixed" stars serves as the basis for measuring what is known as the sidereal month.
However, one cycle of phases on our Moon lasts for around 29.5 days (from the new Moon to the new Moon).
Therefore earth observer takes 29.5 days to see the same phase twice of the moon.
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Before transplanting your organs, all doctors and medical personnel must first?
Before transplanting your organs, all doctors and medical personnel must first make all efforts to save the life.
What is organ transplantation?Organ transplantation refers to the medical procedures to extract an organ in an individual to be used in another patient, which depends on antigen compatibility.
Organ transplantation always occurs after consent of involved persons/patients without exception.
In conclusion, before transplanting your organs, all doctors and medical personnel must first make all efforts to save the life.
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Which neurotransmitter is considered the major excitatory neurotransmitter?
Glutamate is considered the major excitatory neurotransmitter.
Mechanism of action:
The neurons use neurotransmitters to interact with one other and their target tissues during the synaptic transmission process (neurotransmission). Nerve endings synthesise neurotransmitters, which are then released from them into the synaptic cleft. From there, receptor proteins in the cellular membrane of the target tissue bind to neurotransmitters. As a result, the target tissue is stimulated, blocked, or otherwise functionally altered.
More than 40 neurotransmitters found in the human neurological system, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, serotonin, and histamine are some of the most significant.
Major excitatory neurotransmitter are
Acetylcholine and Glutamate (ACh) Histamine Dopamine (DA) Noradrenaline (NAd), also known as norepinephrine (NE), Adrenaline (Ad), also known as (Epi)To know more about neurotransmitter click here
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The critical element of Mendel's research focus was to use ______ strains that differed with regard to only one gene
The critical element used in Mendel's research was the Pea plant strain that differed in only one gene.
What is meant by a Strain?Within a biological species, a strain is a genetic variety, a subtype, or a culture.
The examples of pea plant strain that only differed by one gene are as follows:
Height of the pea plant ( tall or dwarf)Color of the flower ( white or purple)Types of seeds (round or wrinkled)Learn more about Mendel's experiment with the help of given link:
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The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a compete protein is called?
Answer:
Mutual supplementation
Explanation:
Coral in the ocean grows by budding, where the new organism grows out of the old one by mitosis. this form of replication is an example of:____.
Coral in the ocean grows by budding, where the new organism grows out of the old one by mitosis. this form of replication is an example of asexual reproduction.
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve gamete fusion or changes in the number of chromosomes. Progeny resulting from asexual reproduction from unicellular or multicellular organisms inherits the complete set of genes from a single parent.
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction in which a single parent gives birth to new offspring. Newly produced individuals are genetically and physically identical. That is, they are clones of their parents. Asexual reproduction is observed in both multicellular and unicellular organisms.
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Children in northern regions experience months of inadequate sunlight exposure on the skin. to prevent possible abnormal bone development, what essential organic nutrient is necessary in the diet?
Children in northern regions experience months of inadequate sunlight exposure on the skin. to prevent possible abnormal bone development, cholecalciferol is an essential organic nutrient is necessary in the diet.
In some foods and as a dietary supplement, cholecalciferol, sometimes referred to as vitamin D3 and cholecalciferol, is a form of vitamin D that is produced by the skin when it is exposed to sunlight.People who reside in subpolar and polar regions need more vitamin D. Long winter nights cause less sun exposure, which explains why.Inuit bodies have adapted to the cold, a diet high in meat, and a low UVB environment where vitamin D production in the skin is difficult.The majority of people who live in northern latitudes require vitamin D during the winter to maintain adequate amounts of circulating 25(OH)D3 for maintaining good body function and preventing illnesses.learn more about cholecalciferol here: https://brainly.com/question/4551554
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05.01 LC) What forms white light? O Combination of all the wavelengths of ultraviolet light O Combination of all the wavelengths of visible light O Absorption of electromagnetic rays Absorption of infrared rays
Answer:
A.) Combination of all wavelengths of ultraviolet light
Explanation:
White light is formed when all infrared and visible light wavelengths are reflected. However, white light is also created when UV wavelengths are absorbed.
The oligocene deposits in the fayum of egypt contain many of the earliest-known ____ fossils.
The oligocene deposits in the fayum of Egypt contain many of the earliest-known monkeys fossils.
Egypt is the most significant Oligocene location. The first signs of the developing old world monkeys have been found in the Fayum region of the Western Desert, specifically in the Qasr El Sagha and Jebel Qatrani formations. This paleoenvironment was home to the Oligocene higher primates Aegypto..pithecus, Proplio..pithecus, Para..pithecus, and Api..dium, both of which are known to have been arboreal based on their postcranial fossils.The first two are from the Sagha Formation, officially the latest Eocene in age, but the deposits are continuous, along with some other unknown affinities.
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The receptors for balance related to the semicircular canals are known as: ________
a) macula saculi
b) macula utriculi
c) crista ampularis
d) inner hair cells
Please be rightly informed that the receptor for balance which is related to the semicircular canals are known as crista ampularis
What are receptors?Receptors can be defined as those organs cells which have the ability to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve
So thetefore, the receptor for balance which is related to the semicircular canals are known as crista ampularis
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Because we view the world through a subjective lens influenced by a number of variables, perception is considered:________
Because we view the world through a subjective lens influenced by a number of variables, perception is considered inaccurate.
What is perception?Perception is an outcome of a given stimuli, which is subjective because it depends on how an organism senses its surrounding environment.
Perception is also subjective because environmental inputs can influence the brain and senses in distinct modes according to how an individual relates to his/her physical world.
This phenomenon (perception) is also inaccurate because responses are different in distinct organisms for the same environmental input.
In conclusion, because we view the world through a subjective lens influenced by a number of variables, perception is considered inaccurate.
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How do cells become different types of tissues that work together in organ systems?.
Why are urban areas more likely to flood after heavy precipitation than undeveloped areas?
Because of the lack of water absorption by structures and paved roads, runoff is substantially higher in urban areas.
What are the reasons for urban flooding?
Ineffective Sewage Systems:
Many of the sewer systems that are still in use today date from the immediate post-World War II period. The majority of these systems struggle even without the additional strain of intense rain or storms because their infrastructure is outdated and deteriorated at this time.
Insufficient Drainage:
Less green space is available in metropolitan areas due to rising urbanization and the constant construction of new buildings. Urbanization depletes the natural drainage systems that are supported by vegetation and soil.
Rapid Population Growth:
Urban population growth is accelerating, yet most cities' infrastructure cannot keep up. Populations have increased during the post-war era, outpacing the capacity of the sewage facilities put in place at that time. It stresses systems that are already vulnerable.
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The continuous, low-level extinction of species is referred to as ___ extinction.
The continuous, low-level extinction of species is referred to as mass extinction.
A widespread and quick decline in the diversity of life on Earth is known as an extinction event. A sudden shift in the diversity and abundance of multicellular creatures serves as a telltale sign of such an occurrence. It happens when the rate of diversification outpaces the rate of extinction.A mass extinction event occurs when a species disappears far more quickly than it is replaced. This is typically understood as the loss of almost 75% of all species over a "short" period of geological time, or fewer than 2.8 million years.The Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction, sometimes known as the day the dinosaurs died, is the most well-known of all the mass extinction events.
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Why must the formulas of hydrates have the number of water molecules as whole number integers?
The formula for hydrate indicates the number of water molecules that are attached to each formula unit of the compound. Forexample, nickel (II) sulfate hexahydrate is a green/blue solid that has six water molecules included in the crystal foreach Ni2+and each SO42-ion.Many common minerals are
What is a hydrate ?Any compound containing water in the form of H2O molecules, usually, but not always, with a definite content of water by weight.
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2. When the plastic sheet is pulled down (inhalation), what happens to the pressure in the plastic bottle?
Answer: (i) Air pressure inside the bell jar increases.
(ii) The balloons inside the jar expand.
(iii)This is similar to the expansion of the lungs during inhalation.
(iv)This is similar to the contraction of the lungs during exhalation.
Explanation:
In the α helices of transmembrane proteins, the hydrophobic side chains face which direction?
In the α helices of transmembrane proteins, the hydrophobic side chains face the outside of the membrane-spanning helix.
Transmembrane proteins are a type of integral membrane protein that spreads throughout the cell membrane. Many transmembrane proteins act as gates that allow the transport of certain substances across the membrane.
Transmembrane proteins basically act as gates or docking sites that allow or prevent substances from crossing the cell membrane.
Transmembrane proteins penetrate the entire plasma membrane. Transmembrane proteins are found in all types of biological membranes. Monotopic proteins are permanently attached to the membrane from only one side
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An X-linked gene is Group of answer choices a gene that is turned on (makes protein) only when the female hormone estrogen is present. a gene on the X chromosome that encodes traits seen only in females. a gene that encodes traits seen only in females. a gene on the X chromosome. a gene found on any chromosome; they are X-shaped when they are metaphase chromosomes.
An X-linked gene is a gene on the X chromosome.
When a gene is available on the X chromosome, not on the Y chromosome, it is supposed to be X-linked. X-linked genes have different inheritance designs than genes on non-sex chromosomes or can say on autosomes. That is on the grounds that these genes are available in various duplicate numbers in males and females.
These disorders are significantly more typical in men than they are in females because of their X-linked inheritance design.
Females who are heterozygous for disordered alleles are supposed to be carriers, and they ordinarily show no side effects themselves. Children of these females have a 50 percent chance of getting the disorder, yet girls have minimal possibility of getting the disorder (except if the dad likewise has it), and will rather have a 50 percent chance of being carriers.
The alleles for specific circumstances including a few types of color blindness, hemophilia, and muscle dystrophy are X-linked.
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Based on the predictions of metapopulation biology, which scenario can be expected to exhibit the largest fraction of occupied habitat patches?
Meta-population is the patchiness of population in space and its role is dynamic, population insatiability, coexistence of species , the maintenance of diversity.
Metapopulation is colonization and extinction dynamics. The variable of prime concern is the proportion.As the population largest approaches the environment carrying resources become more scare and growth rate slows.
The maxima carrying number of species in environment can support indefinitely .A group of spatially separated population of similar organism which interact at some levels.It s population in which multiple populations as butterflies and cool reef fishes.Humans are evolved from multiple interconnected spread out across Africa in large meta-population.
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of substances across cell membranes
Answer:
Please present the options given so we can assist you better
Explanation:
Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are among the few simple molecules that can cross the cell membrane by diffusion (or a type of diffusion known as osmosis ). Diffusion is one principle method of movement of substances within cells, as well as the method for essential small molecules to cross the cell membrane.
The condensation of a nucleoside triphosphate with a hexose 1-phosphate to form a sugar nucleotide has a small positive free-energy change. why is this condensation metabolically irreversible?
Condensation of nucleoside triphosphate with a hexose 1 phosphate to form a sugar nucleotide has a small free energy change and this condensation is irreversible because the reaction releases PPi, which is rapidly hydrolyzed by inorganic pyrophosphatase (highly exergonic).
PPi is kept low, making first step favorable & ensures results favorable energy change (exergonic) therefore formation of sugar nucleotides drives the reaction forward / is metabolically irreversible.
Reaction is strongly exergonic, due to coupling with hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (rapid removal of product shifts equilibrium forward to make reaction favorable).
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