Answer:
where is the question?
Explanation:
The breakup of the supercontinent of Rodinia may have helped create conditions favorable for evolutionary advancement. How?
The breakup of the supercontinent of Rodinia created new mountains and land surface for new organisms to live on.
What are supercontinents?Supercontinents are large continents which are composed of other continental blocks of the earth.
One of the supercontinents was Supercontinent Rodinia.
The breakup of the supercontinent of Rodinia created new mountains providing a land surface for organisms crawling out of the sea to live on.
In conclusion, supercontinents are composed of fused continental blocks.
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As the DNA is unwound to allow replication, torsion builds up which would prevent further movement of the replication fork. What general class of enzyme allows DNA to assume a more relaxed state
Topoisomerase enzyme allows DNA to assume a more relaxed state.
DNA topoisomerases (or topoisomerases) are enzymes that catalyze changes in the topological state of DNA, interconverting relaxed and supercoiled forms, linked (catenated) and unlinked species, and knotted and unknotted DNA. This enzyme prevents the DNA double helix in front of the replication fork from winding up too tightly as the DNA unwinds
DNA topoisomerases unravel the twists in DNA that occur as a result of DNA transcription and replication. DNA topoisomerases I and II present in cells cleaves the DNA backbone on one or two strands, and it releases the torsional stress and then displacement of the broken DNA backbone.
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14. The human digestive systems is not very different from frogs but mammals that eat a lot of cellulose (plant material) have specialized organs to aid in digestion. Describe the modifications that help 1) rabbits, 2) goats and 3) camels digest their food.
Rabbits goats and camels have specialized digestive systems that allow them to digest cellulose. these animals are called Ruminants.
Animals that rely on natural resources, such as leaves or wood, must digest cellulose in order to release the cell contents necessary for their nourishment. Cellulase is the name of the enzyme that breaks down cellulose, and it is not generated by the majority of animals.Ruminants are creatures that gnaw on their cud. Unchewed grass is ingested by the rumen and brought back to the mouth for chewing (regurgitation). Goats, sheep, cattle, antelopes, and buffaloes are a few examples. They have a four-chambered stomach that is complicated.Rumen is the main part of the stomach is where food is temporarily kept before being brought back to the mouth for chewing.Anaerobic bacteria that breakdown cellulose are found in the digestive systems of animals like cows.By using anti-peristalsis, the food is brought back to the mouth.After that, the ruminant settles down and quietly chews its cud. When the food is sufficiently chewed it is swallowed and passed into the reticulum.learn more about Ruminants here: https://brainly.com/question/1870093
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It may be easy for two neighbors to agree to drain a meadow, which they possess in common, to grow crops. However, when the meadow is much larger and reaches thousands of people, the solution is more difficult because
It may be easy for two neighbors to agree to drain a meadow, which they possess in common, to grow crops. However, when the meadow is much larger and reaches thousands of people, the solution is more difficult because of the free rider problem.
What is the free-rider problem:
The free-rider problem arises when people enjoy the benefits of a common resource without making any contributions towards it, resulting in market failure. Market failure refers to when a good or service gets distributed inefficiently in a market.
When only two neighbors share a meadow, they can easily hold each other accountable for draining the meadow on time. However, when the meadow can be accessed by thousands of people, it is difficult to hold one person accountable for draining it. Everyone will want to use the meadow to grow their crops. However, none will be willing to take the responsibility of draining it since they know that if they wait for someone else to drain the meadow, they can benefit from it without having to do any work themselves. As everyone will dodge the responsibility to drain the meadow with the intention of free riding, it is likely that no one will end up draining the meadow.
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Which response is not associated with the successful use of a liquid disinfectant for the inactivation of a biohazard
Slow exhaust time setting is the response which is not associated with the successful use of a liquid disinfectant for the inactivation of a biohazard.
What is a Disinfectant?This is referred to a chemical substance which destroys or inactivates microbes on surfaces etc.
Its action is usually very fast and it having a slow response means its use wasn't a successful one as damages may have been done already.
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Shaun has pneumonia. Pneumonia is a lung infection that causes the alveoli to accumulate pus and/or fluid. How does this effect the diffusion of oxygen into the blood
In pneumonia, the accumulation of pus and/or fluid will thicken the respiratory membrane and slow down the diffusion rate. This would decrease the amount of oxygen taken up by the blood.
How does pneumonia affect diffusion in the alveoli?Pneumonia is caused by an infection, and a wide variety of microbes can infect the lungs. Pneumonia is typically brought on by bacteria or viruses, but it can also be brought on by fungus and other organisms. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
In alveoli, blood is given oxygen and carbon dioxide is expelled. Pneumonia causes the alveoli in one or both lungs to swell with fluid and pus (exudate), obstructing normal gas exchange. Consolidation and collapse of the lung is another name for this. Diffusion is the method used for gaseous exchange at the alveoli.
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What type of organisms do marine scientists believe may provide clues to marine viruses?
bacteria
protozoa
algae
microbes
The type of organisms that marine scientists believe may provide clues to marine viruses are bacteria (option A).
What are marine viruses?Marine viruses are defined by their habitat as viruses that are found in marine environments.
Marine viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.
However, marine viruses tend to bacteriophages that infect marine bacteria often than any other host.
Marine viruses are regarded as microbe killers. Once a virus enters a host cell, it identifies it the surface receptors of the host cell and inserts its genetic material and hijacks the machinery inside the cell in order to replicate.
Therefore, the type of organisms that marine scientists believe may provide clues to marine viruses are bacteria.
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Anorexic individuals have trouble maintaining normal body temperature because of?
Anorexic individuals have trouble maintaining normal body temperature because of the loss of body fat as insulation and lack of appropriate weight-loss strategy.
Anorexia nervosa patients (ANs) have significantly lower core temperatures (T-core) compared to healthy controls (HCs). This reduced temperature represents a reset T-core that needs to be maintained.
The development of anorexia nervosa (AN) is attributed to psycho-social causes. Anorexic individuals have night sweats because the low body weight interrupts the body's normal hormonal functions, which may halt ovulation. Excessive exercise and stress can cause similar problems.
It also effects the body if a person with anorexia becomes severely malnourished, every organ in the body can be damaged, including the brain, heart and kidneys. This damage may not be fully reversible, even when the anorexia is under control.
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In this lab, you will explore the microscopic process of bulding proteins from RNA. Instead of working with variables, you will focus on the steps of that process.
The investigative question that will you answer by exploring the process of building proteins from RNA is translation.
What is translation ?The translation is a cellular process by which a specific type of RNA (mRNA) is converted into a protein sequence.
During translation, the messenger RNA (mRNA) is composed of triplets of nucleotides called codons that specify different amino acids.In conclusion, the investigative question that will you answer by exploring the process of building proteins from RNA is translation.Learn more about Translation here:
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Why are the products of the light reaction of photosynthesis importnant
Answer:
it produces atp and nadph
Explanation:
What is the most likely effect of a mutation that changes the repeat sequence found in terc from 3’-cccaau-5’ to 3’-ucaggacg-5’?.
If the repeat sequence of telomere changes from 3’-cccaau-5’ to 3’-ucaggacg-5’ due to any mutation in TERC gene then the telomerase enzyme will be unable to attach to the 3' overhung of the telomere sequence and cannot elongate new DNA strand [telomeric part]. As a result, the telomeres of chromosomes cannot be elongated and the entire chromosome or the cell will be lost after a few rounds of division.
Telomere: They are short repeating sequences found at the end of the chromosome whose function is to save the chromosomes from degradation. But after each round of replication, the length of the telomeres becomes shorter than the previous and after a certain number of cell divisions, the telomeres become so short that they trigger the cell to stop dividing or to self-destruct (undergo apoptosis).
So, to prevent the shortening of telomeres, the TERC gene codes a telomerase enzyme which is a type of reverse transcriptase made up of two components: an RNA part that is complementary to the repeated telomeric sequence and a protein part that can add the nucleotides to the 3' end of the telomere.
After every cell division, the telomerase enzyme gets attached to the 3' end of the shortened telomere end and synthesizes the complementary DNA to the RNA part of the enzyme until the length of the telomere is restored again.
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What do having the measles and being vaccinated against the measles have in common?
They are both forms of active immunity.
What is active immunity?When our own immune system defends us against a pathogen, this is known as active immunity. Our immune system develops active immunity when exposed to a potential disease-causing substance (i.e., pathogen). Active immunity is crucial since it not only "fights off" these pathogens but also lasts a very long period in the form of immunologic memory.
B and T lymphocytes with the ability to recognize a particular pathogen make up immunologic memory. These cells circulate at low levels in human bodies, but if they become "activated" by encountering the pathogen while traveling, they rapidly begin to multiply and send signals to other immune system components to do the same. There are two reasons memory cells are important. They first help our immune systems react swiftly. The immune response is prepared the moment the infection is contacted since they are secondly pathogen-specific.
I understand the question you are looking for is this:
What do "having the measles" and being vaccinated against the measles have in common?
They are both forms of active immunity.They are both forms of neutral immunity.They are both forms of passive immunity.They are both forms of infection.They are both forms of immune deficiency.Learn more about active immunity here:
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Which condition is the basis for a species to be reproductively isolated from other members?
It does not share its habitat with related species is the basis for a species to be reproductively isolated from other members.
How can species become reproductively isolated?
The prezygotic and postzygotic barriers maintain species separation. These barriers, which take effect both before and after the development of a zygote, prevent creatures of different species from mating to generate fruitful offspring. These obstacles keep species' reproductive isolation in place.
The toad species Bufo americanus and Bufo fowleri provide an illustration of reproductive isolation brought on by variations in the mating season. In a lab setting, it is possible to successfully cross these species, resulting in wholesome, fertile hybrids. Prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive isolation are the two basic subcategories. Before a zygote may be formed, prezygotic isolation takes place. Most of the time, mating never even happens. Spatial, behavioral, mechanical, and temporal isolation are all examples of prezygotic isolation.
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Which current is produced inresponse to a hyperpolarizing stimulus in a giant axon of a squid?
The giant axon of a squid, shows that hyperpolarizing stimulus is followed by transient inward capacitive current and lasting outward capacitive current.
Hyperpolarization is a change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative. It is the opposite of a depolarization. It inhibits action potentials by increasing the stimulus required to move the membrane potential to the action potential threshold.
Hyperpolarization can be caused, for instance, by opening channels that allow positive ions to move out of the cell (or negative ions to move in).
The hyperpolarization-activated current is an inward current activated by hyperpolarization from the resting potential and is an important modulator of action potential firing frequency in many excitable cells.
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The purpose of the spindle fibers is to quizlet aid in sorting and aligning the chromosomes for their movement to opposite ends of the cell.
True. The purpose of the spindle fibers is to quizlet aid in sorting and aligning the chromosomes for their movement to opposite ends of the cell.
A protein structure called a spindle fibre divides a cell's genetic material. In both mitosis and meiosis, two types of nuclear division, the spindle is required to divide the chromosomes in a mother cell into two daughter cells in an equal number.
The mitotic spindle, a structure made up of microtubules and related proteins, aids in the movement of chromosomes. To align the chromosomes and draw the sister chromatids apart, spindles attach to and stretch from centrioles on each of the two poles (or sides) of the cell.
Therefore, The purpose of the spindle fibers is to quizlet aid in sorting and aligning the chromosomes for their movement to opposite ends of the cell.
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When the ______4. _______ muscles relax and the _______5. ______ relaxes and moves back to its dome-like position
Answer:
4. External intercostal, 5. Diaphragm.
Explanation:
Context is needed for a more accurate answer, but based off of the parameters of the provided question, I tried my best to infer the muscles based on the shape (dome-like).
This answer might be correct, as the diaphragm it is said to be "a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually..."
Think about an academic subject (biology) that inspires you. describe how you have furthered this interest inside and/or outside of the classroom.
Answer:
Biology is the study of Living organisms whereby they are clustered into distribution , origin , behavior , anatomy their physiology and morphology.
Biology as a subject has changed my views and conspiracies about the existence of organisms in their ecosystem .Its like from biology you get to know the meaning of life in details right from the origin to death of the organism .
As a human being I have realized much on how biology helps even beyond the class , since I have learnt the reason why each organism belongs to a certain habitat and specific niche of the ecosystem , I have learnt to respect and conserve such organisms as they deserve to exist in that habitat , and their is an interdependency whether direct or indirect .
Also with the knowledge I have acquired on anatomy and the physiology of organisms , I can do a first aid to an individual who has suffered outdoor pass outs or injuries to reduce the impact of the situation before he or she reaches the hospital .
I believe biology has impacted a very important part of my life and I look forward to take further studies in this field to broaden my knowledge even more .
Which specific b vitamin is critical for energy metabolism and nerve cell membranes? deficiency in this vitamin leads to beriberi.
Thiamin deficiency in this vitamin leads to beriberi.
ThiaminVitamin B1 (thiamin), often known as thiamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that can be obtained as a dietary supplement or naturally in some foods. The growth and operation of different cells depend heavily on thiamin. There is a daily requirement for thiamin because only trace amounts are kept in the liver. However, it wasn't until the late 19th century that the symptoms of thiamin shortage were linked to nutrition. The symptoms of thiamin deficiency were originally noted in ancient literature of Chinese medicine. Japanese sailors who consumed a restricted diet of just rice for months at sea in 1884 were found to have unusually high rates of disease and mortality, according to a Japanese physician.
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The subclavian artery is renamed the artery after it passes over the lateral border of the first rib.
The subclavian artery is renamed as axillary artery after it passes over the lateral border of the first rib.
What is axillary artery?The subclavian artery continues as the axillary artery at the lateral aspect of the first rib, serving as the primary artery of the upper extremity. The artery has three sections based on its proximity to the pectoralis minor muscle, each of which has six major branches.A sizable muscle vessel that passes through the axilla is called the axillary artery. It is in charge of delivering oxygen-rich blood to the upper limb as well as to a portion of the scapula's and upper lateral thorax's musculocutaneous system.As a result, two primary arteries rather than one supplied the upper limb's axillary region in particular with arterial blood on both sides. These two arteries may be lingering branches of the capillary plexus of the growing limb buds because they came from the first portion of the axillary artery.Learn more about axillary artery here:
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A sequence of dna that codes for a specific, detectable product, such as a protein or rna is called a _________. microtubule gene genetic variation homologous chromosome
A sequence of dna that codes for a specific, detectable product, such as a protein or rna is called a gene and is therefore denoted as option B in this scenario.
What is a Gene?This is referred as the basic unit of hereditary and is usually passed from the parent to the offspring. it also contains information which helps in the coding of certain substances such as protein.
The gene which comprises of DNA which is referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid ensures that certain types of traits are passed to the offspring thereby resulting in genetic variation. This is a function of the type of cell division known as meiosis which gives rise to four unique daughter cells.
This is therefore the reason why gene was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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Damage to the prefrontal cortex is most likely to result in?
Answer:
Diminish planning abilities
Insufficient iodine will result in the anterior pituitary producing an excess of ______. Multiple choice question.
Insufficient iodine will result in the anterior pituitary producing an excess of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone).
Hyperthyroidism: Your thyroid gland will become overactive if a pituitary tumor (adenoma) results in the extremely unusual overproduction of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Your metabolism, cardiac rhythm, and anxiety may all be affected by this disorder, often known as an overactive thyroid.Effect of an excess of thyroid hormone-
When your thyroid gland generates too much of the hormone thyroxine, you get hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Your body's metabolism may speed up as a result of hyperthyroidism, resulting in unexpected weight loss and a swift or erratic heartbeat.What do T3 and T4 do?
T3 and T4 work together to regulate how your body uses energy. These hormones also play an important role in controlling your weight, body temperature, muscle strength, and nervous system.Learn more about TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) brainly.com/question/15968236
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20 points PLEASE HELP! URGENT!!! Filtering relies in part on blood pressure. Your kidneys filter about 180 liters of blood each day. If you have about 5 liters of blood, how many times per day does your blood get filtered? Show your work
Filtering relies in part of blood pressure. Your kidneys filter about 180 litres of blood each day. If you have about 5 litres of blood then it will get filtered 36 times.
Your kidneys are each composed of a million nephrons, that are filtering units. Each nephron includes a filter, termed the glomerulus, and a tubule. The glomerulus filters your bloodstream, and the tubule provides essential elements to your blood while removing waste. This is how the nephrons function.
The pace at which kidneys filter blood is called the glomerular filtration rate. The blood pressure that enters the glomerulus serves as the primary driving force for the filtering procedure, or outward pressure.
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Body cells that respond to insulin include?
Answer:
Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.
Explanation:
hope this helps, sorry if it is wrong
similarities in DNA, anatomical structures, and embryological development support common ancestry and evolution. true or false?
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Wat is the location where the synthesis of triacylglycerols from free fatty acids occurs. which molecule is least important in this synthesis?
During synthesis of triacylglycerols from free fatty acids Acetyl-CoA is least important in this synthesis.
Acetyl-CoA would not be important because thats what that product is based from the synthesis,
The biosynthesis of triacylglycerol occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and involves acyl-editing of fatty acyl chains within the nitrogenous phospholipids of the ER.
The enzyme glycerol kinase has no role to play in the synthesis of triacylglycerol.
Pancreatic enzymes called lipases then hydrolyze the dispersed fats to give monoglycerides and free fatty acids. These products are absorbed into the cells lining the small intestine, where they are resynthesized into triglycerides.
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________________, which is abbreviated _____, is a test to screen blood for antibodies to the AIDS virus. Western blot, WB Immunoelectrophoresis, IEP Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA Complete blood count, CBC
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which is abbreviated ELISA, is a test to screen blood for antibodies to the AIDS virus.
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most common HIV tests use blood to detect HIV infection. In this techniques, a patient's blood sample is used to tested for antibodies. Oral fluid may also be used to perform an ELISA collected from the cheeks and gums.
An HIV antibody response can be detected as early as two weeks in a few people and in more than 99.9% of people by 12 weeks. An antibody test at 4 weeks will detect 95% of infections.
Currently licensed ELISA tests have greater than 98% sensitivity and specificity for HIV. Western blot analysis detects antibodies to specific HIV antigens and is best used as a confirmatory test. In spite of the high sensitivity and specificity of both tests, false-positive and false-negative results do occur.
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Describe the physiological process that occurs from the time the pathogen infects the body to the time the chemical is made.
An inflammatory response begins when a pathogen stimulates an increase in blood flow to the infected area.
Blood vessels in that area expand, and white blood cells leak from the vessels to invade the infected tissue. These white blood cells, called phagocytes engulf and destroy bacteria.
Viruses make us sick by killing cells or disrupting cell function. Our bodies often respond with fever (heat inactivates many viruses), with the secretion of a chemical called interferon (which blocks viruses from reproducing), or by marshaling the immune system's antibodies and other cells to target the invader.
The body reacts to disease-causing bacteria by increasing local blood flow (inflammation) and sending in cells from the immune system to attack and destroy the bacteria.
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The hantavirus outbreaks in the eastern hemisphere (asia) are identified with pulmonary failure, and have been referred to as "hantavirus pulmonary syndrome" (hps).
a. True
b. False
The hantavirus outbreaks in the eastern hemisphere (Asia) are identified with pulmonary failure and have been referred to as "hantavirus pulmonary syndrome" (HPS).
The given statement is b) false.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is an extraordinary infectious sickness that starts with flu-like signs and symptoms and progresses swiftly to a greater severe disorder. It can cause life-threatening lung and coronary heart issues. The disease is likewise known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.
Early signs are widespread and encompass fever, fatigue, and muscle ache. other signs and symptoms can also consist of headache, nausea (a sense of illness in the stomach), vomiting, diarrhea (loose stool/latring), and dizziness.
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Red-green color blindness is an x-linked recessive trait in humans. Two people with normal color vision have a son with colorblindness. Given this information, the genotypes of the parents are ________.