Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease affecting adults (~30,000 in U.S.). It is a progressive, debilitating neuromuscular disorder that generally strikes in mid- to late-life (40-70 years) and can rapidly progress to death (3-5 years from onset). ALS is characterized by selective loss of motor neurons in spinal cord, which causes loss of skeletal muscle and weakness. Motor neurons in the largest motor units appear to be most vulnerable. Based on this, which type of motor neurons and muscle fibers would you expect to be most susceptible

Answers

Answer 1

Answer

Upper and Lower motor neurons, and Voluntary muscles.

Explanation:

Structurally,the  motor neurons in the Brain are called the upper motor neurons.While the motor neurons  in the spinal cord and the brain Nuclei  are called the lower motor motor neurons.

Therefore,  transmission of sensory impulses  from the  brain  through the upper motor neuron   are sent to the spinal cord through the lower motor neurons.  These are eventually sent to the muscles(voluntary muscles)  the effectors to bring response.

However, in ALS both the upper and lower motor neurons degenerate and die.Therefore  transmission of action potential is impeded.Thus the voluntary muscles are made redundant with no sensory information and therefore they twitch (this is called fasciculations) and progressively undergo waste away.

As this progress the ability of the brain to initiate action potential for sensory information and its propagation is lost.

Therefore weakness of muscles and stiffness results,followed by complete loss of sensory transmission and inability of the individual to respond to sensory stimulus of walking, standing, eating, and breathing.Slurred and nasal speech,and muscles cramps are other symptoms

At advanced stage loss of life usually results from the respiratory failure.

it occurs mostly in the  Caucasians and non-Hispanics between the age of 55-75,and common in males than females.It causes are blend of genetic and environmental factors.

Medication,therapy-physical and speech therapy are some means of treatments.


Related Questions

5. Count the number of hydrogen ions, oxygens,
and electrons on both sides of the equation
shown. Are they the same?

Answers

Answer:

1 hydrogen ion, 2 oxygen atoms and 4elctrons

The number of hydrogen, ions, Oxygen and electrons on both sides of the equations are:

Hydrogen = 4

Oxygen = 2

Electrons on both sides are the same.

What are atoms?

Atoms are the smallest unit of matter. Particles inside atoms are referred to as subatomic particles. These can be found throughout the atom in various places. The particles are charged.

A neutron is neutral, a proton is positively charged, and an electron is a negatively charged particle that revolves around the nucleus. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons.

The reaction is when hydrogen attaches with oxygen, it forms water. The formula of water is [tex]\rm H_2O[/tex].

Therefore, Hydrogen = 4, Oxygen = 2 and there are the same numbers of electrons on both sides of the equation.

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the equation for phtotsynthesis

Answers

The process of photosynthesis is commonly written as: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2. This means that the reactants, six carbon dioxide molecules and six water molecules, are converted by light energy captured by chlorophyll (implied by the arrow) into a sugar molecule and six oxygen molecules, the products.

How could a blood test reveal what foods a person has eaten?.

Answers

Analyzing metabolites in a blood sample can reveal if you're following your prescribed diet or cheating, researchers report. Clinical trials are often plagued by participants' poor adherence to assigned diets, which can make it difficult to detect the diets' true effectiveness.

Radiant energy from the Sun is very important to life on Earth. It is unique
because, unlike sound waves, it can travel through

Answers

Answer:

The sound waves it can travel through the wind

A molecule is considered to be organic contains

A( hydrogen
B( oxygen
C( carbon
D( nitrogen

Answers

C. Carbon. Anything that contains Carbon is considered to be organic.

Answer:

Your answer should be C.

Explanation:

An organic molecule is a molecule that contains carbon atoms (generally bonded to other carbon atoms as well as hydrogen atoms).

I hope that helped.

I have snap chat if you need it.

Let me know if you need help with anything else.


1. The process many autotropbs go through to convert solar energy into chemical energy

Answers

Answer

the name of the process is photosynthesis

What is the importance of chromosomes in the human body?
They move materials into and out of the cell.
They carry the genes that determine inherited traits,
They release the energy stored in food.
They assemble proteins needed by the body.

Answers

Answer:

B.) they carry the genes that determine inherited traits

Explanation:

To put it simply, chromosomes are important because they contain the entire (or at least the vast majority of) genetic information for an organism. The organism's DNA is contained within the chromosome as a long series of nucleotides that are organized into genes

Answer:

They carry genes that determine inherited traits. Chromosomes are the determining factor in cells that store each individuals' unique traits only found it that specific person. All humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (a total of 46) in them.

Hope this helps! :D

What is anabolism? Give an example. What is catabolism also give an example

Answers

Answer:

Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy.

Examples of anabolism: bone growth and mineralization, and muscle mass build-up.

Catabolism: the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy.

Examples of Catabolism: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the breakdown of muscle protein in order to use amino acids as substrates for gluconeogenesis, the breakdown of fat in adipose tissue to fatty acids, and oxidative deamination of neurotransmitters by monoamine oxidase.

The fossil record is best at preserving visible changes in organisms through geologic time. This visible change is referred to as

Answers

The fossil record is best at preserving visible changes in organisms through geologic time. This visible change is referred to as the evolutionary change.

The importance of fossil record

Fossils are the remains or impressions of a historical organisms which are preserved as a mold or in rocks due to pressure.

Fossil records are information made concerning these historical organisms about:

the structure of the organisms,

what they ate,

what ate them,

in what environment they lived, and

the order in which they lived.

When these rocks are studied, visible changes in organisms through geologic time are observed which is that simple life forms gradually evolved into more complex ones.

Therefore, evolutionary change. is that visible changes noticed in fossil records.

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You guys are the best

Answers

Thanks you toooooo!!!!!!!!!

Answer: Thanks

Explanation:

I am here to help with any questions :)

I cant do this I have no clue​

Answers

What can't you do? I think you didn't attach anything...

I will award Brainliest to the person who gives the best answer.
Which came first? The chicken or the egg?

Answers

Answer:

i mean the chicken woulda had to come first  to lay the egg in the first place

Explanation:

Answer:

According to scientists chicken CE first because chicken are developed form of dinosaur

and dinosaur also lay eggs. But technically egg came first because The oldest fossils of dinosaur eggs and embryos are about 190 million years old. Archaeopteryx fossils, which are the oldest generally accepted as birds, are around 150 million years old, which means that birds in general came after eggs in general.

what are the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answers

Answer:

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum makes cellular products like hormones and lipids.

For a more in depth explanation you could state it's responsible for the synthesis of lipids, steroids, and carbohydrates, as well as the metabolism of exogenous substances, such as drugs or toxins

I need help with this 9th grade biology question

Answers

Answer:

what kind of a help you need?

URGENT!! NEED HELP IMMEDIATELY!!
Read about an early experiment that suggested one way simple cells could have emerged out of a “primordial soup” of complex molecules.
Write one to two sentences describing the environmental conditions in which the first cells likely emerged. How would these cells have survived?

Answers

Answer:

Here is the presentation I made. Good luck!

Explanation:

I won with this presentation two days ago so it is a guaranteed to be correct.

What did the comparative study on chytridiomycosis teach scientists studying white-nose syndrome in bats?Select one:a. Humans were responsible for the spread of chytridiomycosis, but not white-nose syndrome.b. A novel fungal infection could spread to colonies and cause dramatic population crashes, as seen in the comparative study.c. Chytridiomycosis affected only certain amphibians, so the comparative study could not teach the scientists anything useful.d. White-nose syndrome affects bats but does not cause death in organisms like chytridiomycosis does in amphibians.e. It was probably not a fungal infection affecting the bats and scientists needed to look elsewhere for a cause.

Answers

Answer:. A novel fungal infection could spread to colonies and cause dramatic population crashes, as seen in the comparative study

Explanation:

fungal diseases of wildlife, amphibian chytridiomycosis and bat white-nose syndrome are diseases in bat that have emerged rapidly and unexpectedly over the past several decades.

These diseases have lead to unprecedented local and global decrease in population of amphibian and bat species the infection colonize their territory and pose serious threats to biodiversity and ecosystem stability due to loss of many of them.

The neuronal serotonin reuptake transporter 5HTT1 is of great interest to the pharmaceutical sector. Your lab has recently isolated two compounds that bind directly to and act as inhibitors of serotonin uptake; these inhibitors have been named L2001 and L2002. Both L2001 and L2002 seem to reduce serotonin uptake 10-fold when added to cells individually. To characterize how L2001 works, your friend has discovered that L2001 does not affect the ability of 5HTT1 to bind serotonin, but instead seems to decrease the rate at which 5HTT1 is able to change its conformation. Another graduate student in the lab has been working on how L2002 affects 5HTT1 and has determined that L2002 acts in a manner consistent with its being a competitive inhibitor of 5HTT1 (i.e. competes with serotonin for its binding site). Given this information, would you predict that adding L2001 and L2002 together to cells would have a greater effect, a smaller effect, or no effect on 5HTT1 transport compared with the addition of only one of these inhibitors onto cells? Explain

Answers

Answer:

Adding L2001 and L2002 together to cells would have a greater effect on 5HTT1 transport compared with the addition of only one of these inhibitors onto cells

Explanation:

Due to technical problems, you will find the explanation in the attached file.

Describe the two types of ions

Answers

Answer:

anions and cations

hope this helps you

Which of the following is NOT considered a sustainable-development strategy for management of Earth’s resources?

Answers

Answer:

what are the options...?

This is the complete question

Which of the following is not considered a sustainable development strategy for management of earths resources?A. Contour plowingB. Desertification C. Crop rotationD. Selective harvesting of tree

The following is NOT considered a sustainable-development strategy for management of Earth’s resources is Selective harvesting of trees.

What is a sustainable future?

If a society wants to make use of materials which can be recycled, then it has good plans for building a sustainable future for itself as it would be self-dependent and not have to rely on other nations.

With this in mind, if a country wants to build a sustainable future for itself, then it would have to use local resources more because this would increase self-sufficiency and reduce dependency.

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Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy.
Only a few energy conversions are 100 percent efficient.
Batteries change electricity into chemical energy.
Friction between moving parts can add energy to a system.

Answers

Answer:

its the second one

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct Answer is C. Sorry I'm a little late but I'm just trying to help people

Explanation:

I got this answer right on my test so I really hope this helps.

If a long tail is a dominant characteristic, in which case is the characteristic of a long tail definitely expressed?

when at least one parent has a long tail

when both parents have a long tail

when neither allele contains instructions for a long tail

when at least one allele contains instructions for a long tail

Answers

Answer:

When both parents have a long tail :)

Explanation:

the short tail trait is now recessive so it cant happen on its own. The offspring will most likely have a long tail just like thae parents :)

Have an amazing day!!

Please rate and mark brainliest!!

Answer:

When at least one allele contains instructions for a long tail

Explanation:

Gregor Mendel discovered that an organism receives two forms of a gene called ALLELE for a particular trait. Each allele encodes or represent a different trait in that same gene. However, according to Mendel, one allele called DOMINANT allele is capable of masking the expression of the other allele, called RECESSIVE allele. This means that in a heterozygous state i.e. combination of the two different alleles, the dominant trait encoded by the dominant allele will always be expressed.

Which of the following does not occur in an aquatic ecosystem as a result of nutrient loading?
a. acidification of the water
b. algae growth as a result of eutrophication
c. degraded quality of water for human and livestock consumption
d. improved water habitats for human recreation

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Overdosing on nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, can act as fertilizer and promote an excessive quantity of algae development in water bodies. Thus, option C is correct.

What is nutrient loading?

Eutrophication, a process wherein water bodies get an excessive amount of inorganic nutrients, mainly N and P, promotes an excessive growth of plants and algae, is caused by nutrient enrichment in aquatic water bodies.

The calculation of annual loads involves multiplying daily flow by daily nutrient concentration and averaging throughout the course of the year.

Since samples were only taken once a week at most, daily concentration measurements are not available; therefore, daily concentration data must be entered to calculate loads.

Therefore, improved water habitats for human recreation.

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Question 8(Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)
(04.03 MC)
During cellular respiration, which of the following is equal to the number of atoms of carbon in glucose?
Number of atoms of oxygen in water
Number of atoms of carbon in carbon dioxide
Total number of atoms of oxygen in water and oxygen gas
Total number of atoms of carbon in sugar and carbon dioxide

Answers

Total number of oxygen in carbon dioxide and water, i think

When a cell grows and develops is called

Answers

it’s called interphase

Answer: Cell Cycle

pls put thanks and mark as the brainliest

Select choices that result from hydrogen bonding.

Answers

A hydrogen bond is an intermolecular force (IMF) that forms a special type of dipole-dipole attraction when a hydrogen atom bonded to a strongly electronegative atom exists in the vicinity of another electronegative atom with a lone pair of electrons. Intermolecular forces (IMFs) occur between molecules. Other examples include ordinary dipole-dipole interactions and dispersion forces. Hydrogen bonds are are generally stronger than ordinary dipole-dipole and dispersion forces, but weaker than true covalent and ionic bonds.

2.
Adaptations require a change in genes.

A.TRUE
FALSE

Answers

Answer:

The answer is True

How many did you observe to be yellow

Answers

i observed a few to be yellow

How many ducks are in a row

Answers

i’m pretty sure it is 10

The federal program that provides free health care to the poor is a. Medicare. c. Social Security. b. Medicaid. d. the GI Bill of Rights. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

Answers

The answer is B. Medicaid


Help!! ASAPP!! It’s about the journey of parts of the blood

Answers

Answer:

Explanation: the blood can flow through vesals theres a white vesal but you have at least 3 blood vesals

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Which of the following items would be considered an asset? Select all that apply.gaming systemstereo equipmentcameracomputercell phone A cylinder has a radius of 3 feet and a height of 7 feet. Which of the following can be used to calculate the volume of a cone that fits exactly inside the cylinder?(3.14)(7%)(3)03(3.14373)(3)(3.14)(3)(7)O0|(3.1413307 1. Por qu Coln llama a las islas que encuentra Indias Occidentales?Porque la idea original de Coln es llegar a la India navegando hacia el oeste.Porque Coln llega a Guanahan, que tiene nombre indgena.Porque la idea original de Coln es encontrar a indgenas.Porque Coln llega a la India navegando hacia el oeste.2. En 1538 ______ funda la Universidad de Santo Domingo.Santo Toms de AquinoCristbal Colnla iglesia espaolala poblacin tana3.La conquista de Corts en el actual territorio mexicano ______.no tiene ningn afecto en el desarrollo del imperio Espaolsirve para explicar la llegada de los ingleses a Norteamricaes esencial para conservar los idiomas de los tanos, mayas y aztecases el primer paso importante en la conquista del resto de Amrica4. En el actual territorio de Mxico, Moctezuma le da la ______ a Hernn Corts.vueltabienvenidabarbaarma5. ______ es el primer asentamiento europeo en Amrica.La EspaolaLa TierraLa Pennsula YucatnLa Isabela After reading "The Rejected Stone,"What literary devices are utilized in the passage? Food contents before and now Things people eat______: apples, lettuce, tomatoes The inventor of the Periodic Table wasMendeleevBill NyeBenjamin Franklin where was Crispus Attucks killed at Which equation has a graph that is a horizontal line?a. x 7 = 0b. 2y + 3 = 4c. x = yd. x + y = 0 Which economy is NOT associatedwith major, indistrial worldeconomies? What is the difference between sky and space? Find the area of the Trapezoid (please try and explain if you can). Solve for m please I will give brainliest Why don't objects warm up at equal speeds/rates? How many pairs does a liminal have? Which detail from "famine: past, present, and future" best supports the central idea that widespread famine affects large groups of people in a specific region?"the united nations estimates that, in 2018, over 800 million people were undernourished.""in the 1990s, north korea faced a brutal famine caused by drought, crop failure, and the mismanagement of its food supply.""the lack of food stunted the growth of young people, led to chronic health problems, and left deep emotional wounds.""some famines were the consequence of weather events or changes in climate." WILL MARK YOU BRAINLIEST!!What was a characteristic of the southern economy?O It was a transportation center with more than half of the nation's railroads.O It was an industrial area of the nation that had many factories.O It was mostly agricultural and centered on growing tobacco and cottonO It contained many important banks that made money for the United States A football has a mass of .43 kg and it accelerates at 20 m/s. What is its force? We could stay in the city and see all the sights () the Statue of Liberty () Central Park () and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. A.Colon & Semicolon & Semicolon B. Comma & Comma & Comma C. Semicolon & Comma & Semicolon D .Colon & Comma & Comma Patrick usually jogs 1 1/2 miles each day but yesterday he jogged only 1/3 as far. How far did he run yesterday?