Below is the company data for Apple Inc, currently being traded on the US markets. The measures are stated om millions of USD currency.

· Cash & marketable securities $165

· Fixed assets $286

· Net sales $1320

· Earnings Before Interests and Taxes (EBIT) $143

· Net Earnings After Taxes (NEAT ) $ 66



· Quick Ratio ((CA-Inventory)/CL) 2.1 to 1

· Current Ratio (CA/CL) 3.4 to 1

· Average Collection Period (ACP) 45.60 days

· Return on Equity (ROE, NEAT/Net Common Equity) 13%

· Tax rate 25%

For Apples Liabilities & Equity side, they only report common equity, debt and current operating liabilities.

Based on the detailed information above, find the following calculations;

· (1) Accounts Receivables, (2) Current Operating Liabilities, (3) Current Assets, (4) Total Assets, (5) Net Common Equity, and (6) Debt. (10 marks)

· With the increase in online commerce, assume Apple has decreased its ACP by 15.60 days (i.e., totaling 30 days) while holding all other variables constant, how much cash could they generate? (10 marks).

· What is Apple’s ROIC (post-tax) ? (10 marks)

Yes, as Blake Keys mentioned in the video profile of Bauer SCM Alumni, he has the exciting benefit of getting to see new shoe designs before they are offered to the public, and he even has the opportunity to suggest changes to the design.

As a buyer at Academy Sports, he is part of the process of selecting new styles and designs of shoes and helping to ensure they are up to date and meet customer expectations.

He also has a say in the color palette that Academy Sports stocks, helping to decide which colors will be popular in the upcoming season and what customers will be most likely to buy. He works closely with designers, manufacturers, and suppliers to make sure that the shoes are of the highest quality and that the prices are competitive.

Ultimately, Blake Keys is responsible for making sure that Academy Sports is stocking fashionable, quality shoes that customers will want to buy. He has the unique opportunity to see new designs before anyone else, and to make sure that Academy Sports remains up to date with the latest trends in the footwear industry.

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The population growth rate within each curve steepens over time, as the growth rate depends on both the per capita growth rate and the current population size.

In exponential growth, the rate of population growth per capita (per capita) remains the same regardless of population size, and population grows more rapidly as size increases.

In nature, populations can grow exponentially for some time, but are ultimately limited by resource availability.

In logistic growth, the per capita growth rate of the population becomes smaller and smaller as the population size approaches the maximum imposed by the limited resources in the environment, known as carrying capacity.

Exponential growth produces a J-shaped curve, while logistic growth produces an S-shaped curve.

Bacteria grown in the laboratory are an excellent example of exponential growth. In exponential growth, the rate of population growth increases over time in proportion to the size of the population.  

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Complete question:

In the figure, curves A-D depict per capita rate increases (r). Which of the following best explains the difference between the shapes of these curves?

The increase in the income of every consumer shifts the demand curve to the right thus creating a shortage at the initial price. The correct Answer is option D.

Had there been a change in the price we move along the Demand curve. The demand curve is shifted when there is a change in preference, income or other determinants that are responsible for shifting the demand curve.

A demand curve is a graph in economics that depicts the relationship between the price of a commodity (the y-axis) and the amount of that product that is wanted at that price (the x-axis). Demand curves can be used to model the price-quantity connection for a single customer (an individual demand curve) or for all consumers in a given market (a market demand curve) (a market demand curve).

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Full Question: For questions 3-5, choose the letter of the diagram in figure 2.1 that best describes the type of shift that would occur in each situation for the US smart phone market, ceteris paribus. Figure 2.1

The price of computer chips increase, which causes a significant increase in the cost of smart phones.

a

b

C

d

Image  Attached

Career management helps employees select development activities that prepare them to meet their career goals. Option E

Career management is the process of planning and managing one's career development, including setting career goals, identifying career opportunities, and selecting development activities that will help achieve those goals.

It involves activities such as self-assessment, career planning, skill development, and networking.

Therefore, Career management is an important aspect of employee development and can help employees stay motivated, engaged, and productive in their jobs.

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the correct option is B) identifying the target audience is the first step in developing an effective integrated communications and promotion program.

Ways Of deciding Your Target Audience

1. Break down Your Client Base and Do Client Meetings

One of the most outstanding ways of figuring out who your target audience is is to see who as of now purchases your item or administration. How old would they say they are, where do they reside, and what are their inclinations? An effective method for realizing this is through connecting on social or disseminating client reviews.

2. Direct Market Research and Recognize Industry Patterns

Take a gander at the market research for your industry to figure out where there are openings in the help that your item can fill. Take a gander at patterns so that comparable items could see where they are centering endeavors, then sharpen in additional on your item's special worth.

3. Examine Contenders

Marketers can glean some significant knowledge by taking a gander at contenders to see what their identity is generally offering to, and how they go about it. Is it true or not that they are utilizing on the web or disconnected channels? Could it be said that they are zeroing in on the leader or the ally?

4. Characterize Who Your Target Audience Isn't

There will unquestionably be shoppers who are near your target segment, however, they won't follow up on informing. Attempt to be explicit in figuring out who your audience is and who it isn't. Are your segment ladies, or ladies between the ages of 20 and 40? Realizing this will hold your group back from committing promotion dollars to portions that won't yield returns.

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Michael Porter defined strategic positioning as an attempt to achieve sustainable competitive advantage by preserving what is distinct about a company. Therefore the correct option is option A.

This concept emphasizes the ability of a company to position itself in the marketplace by aligning its strengths with the needs of its customers. The goal is to achieve sustainable competitive advantage by preserving what is distinct about a company.

A sustainable competitive advantage is a long-term competitive advantage that is difficult to replicate or overcome. Sustainable competitive advantages can be achieved through strategic positioning, economies of scale, cost leadership, or differentiation.

Strategic positioning is one of the most important tools in business strategy. This concept is based on the idea that a company must identify its unique strengths and align them with the needs of its customers.

By doing so, a company can position itself in the marketplace and achieve sustainable competitive advantage by preserving what is distinct about the company. Therefore the correct option is option A.

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Using the FIFO inventory valuation method would result in the highest operating income of $4,200 for Utah Instruments Incorporated's division that sells computer microchips in January 2016.

Inventory valuation method (LIFO, Average, or FIFO) to use for Utah Instruments Incorporated's division that sells computer microchips in January 2016, we need to look at the inventory records for that month. The company's accounting records show sales of 420 units for revenue of $10,080 and operating expenses for January were $3,100. The beginning inventory was 160 units at $7 each for a total cost of $780, the 21st of January there was a purchase of 200 units at $14 each for a total cost of $2,800, and the 27th of January there was a purchase of 80 units at $15 each for a total cost of $1,200.

Using the FIFO (First In, First Out) inventory valuation method, the cost of goods sold is $2,780 ($780 + $2,000) and the gross profit is $7,300 ($10,080 - $2,780). The operating expenses are $3,100, leaving an operating income of $4,200 ($7,300 - $3,100).

Using the LIFO (Last In, First Out) inventory valuation method, the cost of goods sold is $4,000 ($2,800 + $1,200) and the gross profit is $6,080 ($10,080 - $4,000). The operating expenses are $3,100, leaving an operating income of $2,980 ($6,080 - $3,100).

Using the Average inventory valuation method, the cost of goods sold is $3,390 ($780 + ($2,800 + $1,200)/2) and the gross profit is $6,690 ($10,080 - $3,390). The operating expenses are $3,100, leaving an operating income of $3,590 ($6,690 - $3,100).

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There wouldn't be a shortage or excess if demand rose by 100 units at every price point and the government has set a $40 price cap.(option b)

In terms of economics, a scarcity or excess demand occurs when the demand for a good or service in a market outweighs the supply. It is the antithesis of an abundance of something. A shortage occurs when there is an imbalance between supply and demand for a good or service. The market is considered to be in a condition of disequilibrium when this happens. This circumstance often only lasts a short while before the product is supplied and the market returns to normal.

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=1.8 is the elasticity of demand for that range of the demand curve =0.56 ± 0.01

Elasticity of demand is the degree to which demand responds to a change in an economic factor. Price is the economic factor that is most frequently taken into account when calculating elasticity. Other factors include the availability of alternatives and one's income level. Demand elasticity measures how it alters in response to shifting macroeconomic circumstances. Let us start by looking at the definition of "elasticity of demand," which reads, "The elasticity of demand is the responsiveness of the amount demanded of a good to changes in one of the variables on which demand depends.

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The panel study on income dynamics, the study of the economic status of parents and their children over time, finds that children who grow up in low-income households are more likely to experience poverty in adulthood.

The Panel Study on Income Dynamics (PSID) is a continuing survey that has been conducted by the University of Michigan since 1968. The PSID is a longitudinal study that gathers data on household income and the factors that contribute to income changes over time. The study also tracks intergenerational income mobility by gathering information on the economic status of parents and their children over time. The panel study on income dynamics has found that children who grow up in low-income households are more likely to experience poverty in adulthood.

The study has also found that intergenerational mobility in the United States is lower than in many other developed countries. This means that it is more difficult for children from low-income families to move up the economic ladder than it is in other countries. The panel study on income dynamics has also found that the earnings gap between men and women has narrowed over time, but that women are still more likely to be in low-wage jobs than men. Finally, the study has found that access to education is an important factor in economic mobility, as children with more education tend to earn more money as adults.

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The Panel Study on Income Dynamics (PSID) is a longitudinal survey that tracks the economic status of parents and their children over time. It is one of the oldest and most extensive economic surveys in the United States.  

The PSID began in 1968, and its primary goal was to examine changes in income and wealth in the United States over time. It has since become a valuable tool for social scientists to investigate a wide range of economic and social issues, including intergenerational mobility. The PSID is unique in its design because it tracks families over several decades. This longitudinal approach enables researchers to see how the economic status of parents and their children changes over time.

The survey tracks employment, income, and wealth for each family member, as well as demographic information like race, education level, and family structure. The data collected by the PSID has been used to investigate a wide range of economic and social issues. One of the most notable is intergenerational mobility. Researchers have used the PSID to investigate how a family's economic status impacts the economic outcomes of their children. They have found that children who come from low-income families are more likely to remain low-income as adults. However, some children do manage to break out of poverty and achieve upward mobility.

The PSID has also been used to study the effects of public policy on families. Researchers have used the survey data to evaluate the effectiveness of programs like food stamps, Medicaid, and Head Start. They have also used the data to investigate the impact of economic shocks like recessions and job loss on families. Overall, the PSID is an essential tool for social scientists to investigate economic and social issues. Its longitudinal design provides a unique window into how families' economic status changes over time, and its extensive data collection enables researchers to investigate a wide range of issues.

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The value of GDP is $14,120.4. using the expenditure approach: Personal consumption expenditures (C) $8707.8 Gross private domestic investment (I) 2077.2 Exports(X) 1309.4 Imports (M) 2023.9 Net exports of goods and services Government consumption expenditures and gross investment (G) 2363.4 Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The missing cells to calculate GDP using the expenditure approach are as follows:

Personal consumption expenditures (C) $8707.8

Gross private domestic investment (I) 2077.2

Exports (X) 1309.4

Imports (M) 2023.9

Net exports of goods and services (NX) -714.5

Government consumption expenditures and gross investment (G) 2363.4

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) $14,120.4

To calculate GDP using the expenditure approach, we need to use the formula:

GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)

The values given in the question are as follows:

Personal consumption expenditures (C) = $8707.8

Gross private domestic investment (I) = $2077.2

Exports (X) = $1309.4

Imports (M) = $2023.9

Net exports of goods and services

(NX) = X - M

= $1309.4 - $2023.9

= -$714.5

Government consumption expenditures and gross investment (G) = $2363.4

Now, let's substitute these values in the formula to calculate GDP:

GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)GDP

= $8707.8 + $2077.2 + $2363.4 + (-$714.5)GDP

= $14,120.4

Therefore, the value of GDP is $14,120.4.

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Explicit costs are expenses that a company must pay for. Implicit costs, however, do not call for financial outlays or commitments from a company.

Direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead make up a product's expenses. These three charges add up to the final product price. Overhead includes indirect labor and indirect supplies.

There are two kinds of expenses, fixed and variable. Although fixed and variable expenses have different effects on the firm, both are crucial to its profitability. Definition of the term "volume" will be helpful when discussing expenditures.

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Prospecting is done using a variety of sources, including company sales records, commercial databases, newspaper ads, phone directories, and public records.

What is commercial databases?

A commercial database is one that was exclusively built for business use, and thus has a cost. Commercial databases, in contrast to open source databases, may only be accessed or altered by authorised users.

Commercial databases are those that have been developed exclusively for commercial use. Examples: Oracle, DB2, Splunk, etc. Examples: MYSQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, etc.

Since they transmit data about your sales transactions, product inventory, customer profiles, and marketing initiatives, database systems are crucial to your company. You have no idea what's going on in your firm until you have a centralised location to keep all this information. When we wish to create connections between the various columns and tables in a relational database, we also employ a key.

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In fact, adding foreign stocks to a portfolio boosts value since diversification has benefits. Diversification is the clearest and most significant benefit of foreign investing. When it comes to returns, the EM market appears to be the most alluring, while the EAFE market appears to be the least appealing in terms of risk.

Through foreign portfolio investments, investors have a simple way to diversify their portfolio internationally. An investor would diversify their investment portfolio to obtain a higher risk-adjusted return, which is eventually done to contribute to the production of alpha.

Human traits or preferences are significant drivers of change or resistance to land use diversification. Personal choices may be influenced by a person's age, education, experience, familial circumstances, attitude toward risk, access to money and information, and propensity for change, to name a few.

When you invest with minimal risk, you pick assets with a reduced likelihood of experiencing significant losses than, say, unpredictable stock purchases. Government securities like Series I bonds, cash management accounts like certificates of deposit, and even stock options like preferred stocks are examples of low-risk investment options.

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The incoming call gets assigned to the first available server the correct answer is Options C, D, and E.

Assigned is a term used to describe the action of assigning a task, responsibility, or duty to a person or group. It is often used in the context of school work, work assignments, and other tasks requiring completion. Assigning can also refer to the act of assigning a value (such as a monetary value) to something. For example, assigning a dollar value to a piece of property.

Adding more servers (Option A) will decrease the waiting time in a call center. Implementing the shortest processing time first priority rule (Option B) may reduce the waiting time, but it will also increase the variability in server times and can lead to an increase in waiting time. Decreasing the variability in server times (Option C) will reduce the waiting time and make it more consistent. Increasing the average service/processing time (Option D) will increase the waiting time. Decreasing the interarrival time (Option E) will reduce the waiting time.

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The first choice is the best. Ariel, the control system, travels to Zimbabwe, in southeast Africa, with friends to see the Victoria Falls. While there, she discusses work opportunities at the firm with her friends.

An agency theory is a conflict of interest that exists in any relationship in which one entity is expected to act in the best interests of the other. An agency problem in corporate finance typically creates a conflict of curiosity between a company's business and its stockholders. The leader, acting as the shareholders' or principals' agent, is obligated to take actions that lead to maximum even if it is in the manager's best interest to maximise their own wealth. all other option are doing its own work related to its job profile but in the first option she is not doing anything that is linked to her job profile.

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The political behavior that results from a condition where an individual attempts to make suboptimal decisions that favor personal ends is known as opportunism.

Opportunism is a political behavior that is characterized by attempts to make suboptimal decisions that favor personal ends. In other words, it refers to a situation where an individual makes decisions that are not in their best interests but are made to serve personal goals.

Opportunism can be found in almost all walks of life, and it is a common human trait. Individuals who engage in opportunism may not be aware of the harm they are causing to others or themselves, and they may not even realize that they are acting out of self-interest rather than the greater good.

Therefore, the political behavior that results from a condition where an individual attempts to make suboptimal decisions that favor personal ends is known as opportunism.

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The following question may be like this:

Attempts to make suboptimal decisions that favor personal ends is a political behavior resulting from which of the following conditions?

Non programmed decisions

Opportunism

In the following question, "Housing products" are often slow to be included in the CPI, and when omitted tend to cause the CPI to be overstated.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an economic indicator that is used to monitor changes in consumer prices. The CPI is used to measure the cost of a basket of goods and services for an average consumer, and it is used to calculate inflation rates.

Changes in the CPI can indicate changes in the cost of living, as well as changes in the rate of inflation. The CPI is one of the most important measures of inflation in the world.

Housing refers to the provision of homes or accommodation, either for rent or for sale. Housing is a basic human need, and it is essential for social and economic development. The quality of housing has a significant impact on the health and well-being of individuals and families, and it is therefore an important policy issue for governments and other stakeholders.

Housing products are often slow to be included in the CPI, and when omitted tend to cause the CPI to be overstated. This is because the cost of housing is a significant part of the cost of living for many people, and changes in the cost of housing can have a significant impact on the overall cost of living.

However, in the missing blank, Housing products" are often slow to be included in the CPI, and when omitted tend to cause the CPI to be overstated.

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Answer:

Consumer Finance Companies

Explanation:

Consumer finance companies are also referred to as small loan companies. Their borrowers typically have trouble getting loans elsewhere due to poor credit ratings and are greater risks than many other borrowers. As such, borrowers are subject to higher interest rates. To prevent these companies from taking unfair advantage of their customers, state governments set interest-rate caps on how much they can charge. Loans are usually $5,000 or less.

The given statement is true.

Settlements and Settlements are legal agreements in which two parties agree to enforce a claim in tort, contract or other liability for an amount under different terms than the original amount of the contract or claim. Settlements and satisfactions are also used to resolve legal claims before they go to court. 

A contract is an agreement to the new terms of a contract and performance is the performance of those terms in accordance with the contract. Once settlement and satisfaction has been reached and performance (or satisfaction) has been exercised, all prior claims relating to the matter shall be forfeited. 

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Bilateral vs. Unilateral Contracts: A bilateral contract is an agreement between two parties in which both parties promise to perform an act or service in exchange for something else.

For example, a contract to sell a car in exchange for money is a bilateral contract because both parties are making promises to perform an act. On the other hand, a unilateral contract is a promise made by one party to do something in exchange for the other party's performance. For example, a reward for the return of a lost wallet is a unilateral contract because the person making the promise is not obligated to pay until the other party performs the requested action.

Express vs. Implied Contracts: An express contract is one that is created through a clear and definite agreement, either in writing or verbally. The terms of an express contract are explicitly stated and agreed upon by both parties. An implied contract, on the other hand, is one that is not explicitly stated, but rather inferred from the actions of the parties involved. For example, if you go to a restaurant and order a meal, there is an implied contract that you will pay for the food you have ordered.

Formal vs. Informal Contracts: A formal contract is a written agreement that has been signed and witnessed, and usually requires certain formalities to be followed, such as the use of specific legal language. Formal contracts are often used in business and legal transactions. An informal contract, on the other hand, is an agreement that is not written down and does not require any formalities. For example, an agreement between friends to split the cost of a vacation rental would be an informal contract.

It's important to note that a contract can fall into multiple categories. For example, a contract to buy a house may be bilateral, express, and formal.

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The least attractive investment choice for this 28-year-old professional would be a money market fund, given her investment objective of capital appreciation.

This investor's investment objective is capital appreciation, so the least attractive investment choice for her would be a low-risk, low-return option such as a money market fund. Money market funds generally have low volatility and offer a return that is close to the current rate of inflation. This type of investment does not offer the potential for significant appreciation in value.
Other less attractive investments for this investor might include certificates of deposit (CDs), government bonds, and treasury bills. These investments tend to have low yields, so they would not provide the investor with the desired capital appreciation.
Finally, another investment that might be less attractive to this investor is a fixed annuity. These investments have relatively low yields and are not likely to offer significant capital appreciation.
In conclusion, the least attractive investment choice for this 28-year-old professional would be a money market fund, given her investment objective of capital appreciation. Other investments such as certificates of deposit (CDs), government bonds, treasury bills, and fixed annuities would also be less attractive options.

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" if firms set prices with specific consideration of firms challenging them directly for customers, they have adopted a "competitive approach" to pricing.

A competitive pricing strategy considers the prices of competing businesses in the market and aims to create prices that will entice customers away from those businesses. This strategy typically entails making regular price adjustments in reaction to changes in the market and in the prices of rivals.

a pricing strategy where a manufacturer's price is influenced more by the cost of a comparable product supplied by a strong competitor than by consumer demand and production costs; also known as competition-based pricing.

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A stock is a sort of firm investment. Businesses issue stock shares to obtain funds for operating requirements and to fuel expansion, and investors acquire those stock shares in order to get a return on their investment.

The company's board of directors approves a proposal to distribute profits as a dividend. Dividends are paid out each share of stock. Dividends are often paid quarterly, monthly, or semiannually by firms in the United States. The corporation announces the dividend payment date, amount, and ex-dividend date. If you expect stocks to do well in the future, you buy them now while they are inexpensive. As a consequence, the stock price considers all of the elements that may impact a firm in the future. This is referred to as 'pricing in' or 'discounting'.

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In the following question, among the various parts to solve on merchandising transactions for Dollar Store. the solution is as follows:

1. On November 1, Dollar Store purchases merchandise for $1,600 on terms of 2/5, n/30, FOB shipping point, invoice dated November 1:
Debit: Inventory $1,600
Credit: Accounts Payable $1,600
2. On November 5, Dollar Store pays cash for the November 1 purchase:
Debit: Accounts Payable $1,600
Credit: Cash $1,600
3. On November 7, Dollar Store discovers and returns $200 of defective merchandise purchased on November 1 and paid for on November 5 for a cash refund:
Debit: Cash $200
Credit: Inventory $200
4. On November 10, Dollar Store pays $80 cash for transportation costs for the November 1 purchase:
Debit: Cash $80
Credit: Transportation Costs $80
5. On November 13, Dollar Store sells merchandise for $1,728 with terms n/30. The cost of the merchandise is $864:
Debit: Accounts Receivable $1,728
Credit: Sales Revenue $1,728
Debit: Cost of Goods Sold $864
Credit: Inventory $864
6. On November 16, Merchandise is returned to the Dollar Store from the November 13 transaction. The returned items are priced at $290 and cost $145 the items were not damaged and were returned to inventory:
Debit: Accounts Receivable $290
Credit: Sales Returns and Allowances $290
Debit: Inventory $145
Credit: Cost of Goods Sold $145

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D. Trade credit refers to purchases of inventory, equipment, and/or supplies on an open account in accordance with customary terms for retail.

It is a form of credit that  allows businesses to purchase goods and services without paying immediately. This type of credit usually has a net payment period of thirty to sixty days, depending on the agreement between the supplier and the purchaser.

Trade credit may be offered by a supplier in order to entice customers to make purchases with them. This type of credit also helps businesses maintain cash flow and inventory, as they can purchase items on credit, instead of having to pay for them upfront. Trade credit also reduces the need for a business to borrow from banks or other financial institutions in order to purchase goods and services.

There are a few types of trade credit which may be available to businesses, including revolving credit, single purchase credit, and deferred payment credit. Revolving credit is a type of credit that allows businesses to purchase goods and services up to a certain amount and then pay it back when the agreed-upon period ends. Single purchase credit allows businesses to purchase a specific item or set of items, while deferred payment credit allows businesses to purchase goods and services, but defer payments until a certain date.

Overall, trade credit is a great way for businesses to purchase goods and services without having to pay upfront. This type of credit allows businesses to maintain cash flow and inventory, as well as reduce their need for borrowing from banks or other financial institutions. Therefore the correct option is D

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Main Sources of Law are:

a) Constitutional Law

b) Statutory Law

c) Common Law

d) Administrative Law

e) International Law

a) Constitutional Law: It includes fundamental principles and rules according to which the country is governed.

b) Statutory Law: It is enacted by the legislative body of the government. Examples include labor law, tax law, and criminal law.

c) Common Law: It includes legal principles and precedents derived from previous court decisions.

d) Administrative Law: It includes rules and regulations created by administrative agencies.

e) International Law: It includes treaties and agreements made between countries.

The Five essentials of a valid contract:

a) Offer: A clear and specific offer made by one party to another.

b) Acceptance: The other party must accept the offer as it is, without any changes.

c) Consideration: Something of value must be exchanged between the parties.

d) Capacity: Both parties must have the legal capacity to enter into a contract.

e) Intention: Both parties must intend to create legal relations.

Lastly, The Main purpose of employment law:

a) Protecting employees' rights: Employment law ensures that employees are treated fairly and have the right to work in a safe and non-discriminatory environment.

b) Promoting equal opportunities: Employment law prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, age, religion, disability, or other protected characteristics.

c) Establishing minimum standards: Employment law sets minimum standards for wages, hours of work, and other employment conditions.

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Susanne should focus on automating routine tasks to save time when making programmed decisions at work. Programmed decisions refer to those decisions that are repetitive in nature, routine, and are taken by following a set of predetermined rules and procedures.

In contrast to non-programmed decisions, programmed decisions can be made easily, quickly and are straightforward. Therefore, Susanne can save time when making programmed decisions by automating routine tasks. This would help her concentrate on decision-making rather than the routine tasks that can be done by machines or automated systems. Automated tasks can be performed in a fraction of the time it would take a human to do the same task manually. Automating routine tasks also reduces errors and increases the accuracy of the work being done.

Thus, Susanne should focus on automating routine tasks to save time when making programmed decisions at work.

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The long-run average total cost (LRATC) curve can be divided into three distinct portions.

The Economies of Scale Region: This is the leftmost portion of the curve, where the LRATC decreases as output increases. This occurs because the firm is able to take advantage of economies of scale, such as increased specialization, greater use of capital, and more efficient use of resources. As output increases, the average cost per unit decreases, leading to lower LRATC.

The Constant Returns to Scale Region: This is the middle portion of the curve, where the LRATC remains constant as output increases. This occurs when the firm is producing at an optimal scale, where the benefits of economies of scale have been exhausted, and the LRATC has reached its minimum level.

The Diseconomies of Scale Region: This is the rightmost portion of the curve, where the LRATC increases as output increases. This occurs because the firm is experiencing diseconomies of scale, such as increased coordination costs, communication difficulties, and reduced worker motivation. As output increases beyond a certain level, the average cost per unit increases, leading to higher LRATC.

LRATCs are constructed from short-run average total cost (SRATC) curves by analyzing the different production scales in the short run and determining the optimal scale for each level of output. The optimal scale is then plotted on the LRATC curve as the point where the SRATC curves intersect. As output increases, the optimal scale may change, and the corresponding SRATC curves will shift, leading to changes in the LRATC curve. The LRATC curve is a long-run concept, meaning that all inputs are variable, and firms have the flexibility to adjust their production scale to optimize their costs.

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