C₃H₈ (g) + 5 O₂ (g) → 3 CO₂ (g) + 4 H₂O oxygen atoms are being oxidized and propane are being reduced.
What is redox reaction ?The term redox reaction is defined as when oxidation and reduction takes place simultaneously.
The loss of electron is called as oxidation, it increases the oxidation state. The gain of electron is called as reduction, it decreases the oxidation state.
The oxidation state of the oxygen is decreased hence it gets reduced while that of propane oxidation state is increased hence it gets oxidized.
Thus, C₃H₈ (g) + 5 O₂ (g) → 3 CO₂ (g) + 4 H₂O oxygen atoms are being oxidized and propane are being reduced.
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58. Which of the following aqueous solutions has the lowest freezing point? A. 0.2 M NaCl B. 0.2 M FeCl3 C. 0.2M sucros D. 0.2 M CaCl2
The correct option is D. 0.2 M CaCl2 is has the lowest freezing point.
What is aqueous solution?When one significance liquefies into another, a solution is formed. A solution is a homogenous mixture consisting of a solute dissolved into a solvent. The solute is the essence that is being dissolved, while the solvent is the dissolving medium. Solutions can be formed with multiple different classifications and forms of solutes and solvents. In this branch, we will focus on a resolution where the solvent is water.
An aqueous solution is a moisture that contains one or more dissolved essence. The dissolved importance in an aqueous solution may be solids, gases, or different liquids.In directive to be a true solution, an assortment must be stable. When sugar is fully dissolved into moisture, it can stand for an undetermined amount of time, and the sugar will not recompense out of the solution. Further, if the sugar-water solution is passed through a filter, it will stay with the water. This is because the liquefied particles in a resolution are very small, usually less than 1nm in diameter. Solute particles can be atoms, ions, or molecules, counting on the type of essence that has been dissolved.To learn more about aqueous solution, refer to:
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A student mixed two clear liquids together in a beaker. A solid and a new liquid formed. The student forgot to write down the mass of one of the reactants. The rest of the data are shown in the table below.
Mass (g)
liquid reactant A unknown
liquid reactant B 9.0
liquid product 8.0
solid product 12.0
What is the mass of liquid reactant A?
A. 1.0 g
B. 8.0 g
C. 9.0 g
D. 11.0 g
E. 20.0 g
9 / 15
8 of 15 Answered
Mass of liquid reactant A is 11g.
as we know that,
reactant = product
from conservation of mass
so, liquid reactant A + liquid reactant B = liquid product + solid product
substituting the values, we get,
liquid reactant A + 9 = 8 + 12
liquid reactant A + 9 = 20
liquid reactant A = 20 - 9
liquid reactant A = 11g
Hence, mass of the liquid reactant A is 11g.
what is a reactant ?
A reagent, also known as an analytical reagent, is a substance or compound that is added to a system in chemistry to bring about a chemical reaction or check to see whether one happens. Although the terms "reagent" and "reactant" are frequently used synonymously, "reactant" refers to a material that is consumed during a chemical reaction.
Mass of liquid reactant A is 11g.
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Calculate the mass in grams of benzophenone required to make a solution of 2.5 mmoles
Answer:
0.46 grams (C₆H₅)₂CO
Explanation:
To find the mass of benzophenone ((C₆H₅)₂CO), you need to (1) convert mmoles to moles and then (2) convert moles to grams (via molar mass). It is important to arrange the conversions/ratios in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 2 sig figs to match the sig figs of the given value (2.5 mmoles).
Molar Mass ((C₆H₅)₂CO): 13(12.011 g/mol) + 10(1.008 g/mol) + 15.998 g/mol
Molar Mass ((C₆H₅)₂CO): 182.221 g/mol
2.5 mmoles (C₆H₅)₂CO 1 mole 182.221 g
----------------------------------- x ------------------------ x ------------------- =
1,000 mmoles 1 mole
= 0.46 grams (C₆H₅)₂CO
if you had 5 moles of ethanol, how many grams of carbon dioxide would be produced?
The mass of carbon dioxide, CO₂ that would be produced from 5 moles of ethanol, C₂H₅OH is 440 g
How to determine the moles of carbon dioxide, CO₂ producedWe'll begin by calculating the moles of carbon dioxide, CO₂ produced. This can be obtained as follow:
C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ --> 2CO₂ + 3H₂O
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of C₂H₅OH reacted to produce 2 moles of CO₂
Therefore,
5 moles of C₂H₅OH will react to produce = 5 × 2 = 10 moles of CO₂
How to determine the mass of carbon dioxide, CO₂ producedThe mass of carbon dioxide, CO₂ produced from the reaction can be obtained as follow:
Mole of carbon dioxide, CO₂ = 10 molesMolar mass of carbon dioxide, CO₂ = 44 g/molMass of carbon dioxide, CO₂ =?Mole = mass / molar mass
10 = Mass of carbon dioxide, CO₂ / 44
Cross multiply
Mass of carbon dioxide, CO₂ = 10 × 44
Mass of carbon dioxide, CO₂ = 440 g
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What is the initial volume, in milliliters, needed to prepare each of the following diluted solutions? 330mL of 7.5% (m/v) HCl from 17% (m/v) HCl
Taking into account the definition of dilution, the initial volume needed to prepare each of the diluted solution is 145.59 mL.
DilutionWhen it is desired to prepare a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one, it is called dilution.
Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of solute in solution, which is accomplished by simply adding more solvent to the solution at the same amount of solute.
In a dilution the amount of solute does not change, but as more solvent is added, the concentration of the solute decreases, as the volume (and weight) of the solution increases.
A dilution is mathematically expressed as:
Ci×Vi = Cf×Vf
where
Ci: initial concentrationVi: initial volumeCf: final concentrationVf: final volumeFinal volumeIn this case, you know:
Ci= 17% (m/v)Vi= ?Cf= 7.5% (m/v)Vf= 330 mLReplacing in the definition of dilution:
17% (m/v)× Vi= 7.5% (m/v)× 330 mL
Solving:
Vi= (7.5% (m/v)× 330 mL)÷ 17% (m/v)
Vi= 145.59 mL
In summary, the initial volume needed to prepare each of the diluted solution is 145.59 mL.
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Identify the potential products NH4Cl+NaClO3
Answer:
NH₄ClO₃ and NaCl
Explanation:
This appears to be a double-displacement reaction. In these reactions, the cation of one compound is swapped with the cation of another.
So, NH₄⁺ from NH₄Cl is swapped with Na⁺ from NaClO₃. It is important that the resulting ionic compound has an overall charge of 0. In this case, the charges perfectly balance, so there only needs to be one atom of each ion in the compounds.
1.) NH₄ClO₃
-----> NH₄⁺ and ClO₃⁻
-----> +1 + (-1) = 0
2.) NaCl
-----> Na⁺ and Cl⁻
-----> +1 + (-1) = 0
The chemical equation:
NH₄Cl + NaClO₃ -----> NH₄ClO₃ + NaCl
What two properties affect the
density of ocean water?
Answer: temperature and salinity.
Explanation:
first law of thermodynamics with pressure volume equation
The first law of thermodynamics with pressure volume equation is written as E = Q - PΔV.
What is first law of thermodynamics?The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another.
It also states that the internal energy (E) is equal to the difference of the heat transfer (Q) into a system and the work (W) done by the system.
E = Q - W
The first law of thermodynamics with pressure volume equation is given as;
W = PΔV
E = Q - PΔV
Thus, the first law of thermodynamics with pressure volume equation is written as E = Q - PΔV.
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Chemical reaction when chromium metal is immersed in an aqueous solution of cobalt(II)
The chemical equation for the reaction is [tex]2Cr (s) + 3CoCl_2 (aq) --- > 2CrCl_3 (aq) + 3Co (s)[/tex]
Chemical reactionChromium metal is higher in the reactivity series than cobalt. Thus, chromium will displace cobalt from solutions.
Therefore, the equation for the reaction between chromium metal and cobalt (II) chloride will be written as:
[tex]2Cr (s) + 3CoCl_2 (aq) --- > 2CrCl_3 (aq) + 3Co (s)[/tex]
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Chromium metal is immersed in an aqueous solution of cobalt(II) chloride. Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer. Enter no reaction if no reaction occurs.
You have 3L of a 2 molar magnesium chloride solution. How many moles of chloride ions are present?
Show all work!
Answer:
12 moles Cl⁻
Explanation:
To find the moles Cl⁻, you need to (1) calculate the moles of magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) using the molarity equation and then (2) convert moles MgCl₂ to moles Cl⁻ (via the mole-to-mole ratio from formula subscripts). It is important to arrange the conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.
Molarity (M) = moles / volume (L)
2 M = moles / 3 L
6 = moles MgCl₂
1 MgCl₂ = 1 Mg²⁺ and 2 Cl⁻
6 moles MgCl₂ 2 moles Cl⁻
------------------------ x ----------------------- = 12 moles Cl⁻
1 mole MgCl₂
will mark brilliant pls help question is above
Answer:
a.) The garden plants provide energy to all the other organisms. While not every organism consumes garden plants directly, every organism's food lineage can be traced to garden plants. For instance, while ground beetles do not directly consume garden plants, they do eat snails, and snails eat garden plants.
b.) The slug population might increase is the aphid population decreased because there would be less competition for food resources. Both populations consume garden plants, and there is only a finite number of garden plants. Therefore, there is a limit that each population can consume. If there were less aphids eating the garden plants, there would be more left for the slugs. Less starving slugs would lead to greater reproduction and thus a higher slug population.
What are the coefficients needed to balance this equation: NH3 +0₂ → N₂ + H₂O?
Answer:
4 NH₃ + 3 O₂ -----> 2 N₂ + 6 H₂O
Explanation:
An equation is balanced when there is an equal amount of each element on both sides of a reaction. To balance the elements, you can add coefficients to modify the amount of elements/molecules present. It is important to have the smallest coefficients possible.
The unbalanced equation:
NH₃ + O₂ -----> N₂ + H₂O
Reactants: 1 nitrogen, 3 hydrogen, 2 oxygen
Products: 2 nitrogen, 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen
The balanced equation:
4 NH₃ + 3 O₂ -----> 2 N₂ + 6 H₂O
Reactants: 4 nitrogen, 12 hydrogen, 6 oxygen
Products: 4 nitrogen, 12 hydrogen, 6 oxygen
why second ionization energy of second group elements is lower than alkali metals.
Answer:
The removal of second electron from alkaline earth metals leads to the stable octet state in M2+ ions. In case of alkali metals it is not so. Since the removal of electron leads to stability, hence it can easily removed leading to lowering of second ionization enthalpy in alkaline earth metals.
Explanation:
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7. An SDS sheet contains the abbreviations LC or LD. The L portion of these two-letter
combinations stands for
A. life.
O B. liquid.
C. lethal.
D. layered.
Name the functional group in the
following molecule:
A. alkene
C. aldehyde
O₂N
NO₂
-CH₂
NO₂
B. aromatic
D. alkyl halide
The functional group would be the aromatic ring.
What are functional groups?Functional groups in organic compounds are a group of atoms that gives the compound a distinctive chemical property or properties.
The major functional groups include Hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, and phosphate groups. Aromatic rings are also considered a functional group.
Functional groups are made up of atoms of elements that are covalently linked to each other. The functional group as a whole is also covalently linked to the rest of the molecule.
Functional groups influence molecules to behave in a particular way when it comes to chemical reactions.
Looking at the image (see the attached), none of the side chains qualify as functional groups except the mother chain which is an aromatic ring.
Thus, the only functional group remains the aromatic ring.
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How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 67.0 g of water from its melting point to its boiling point?
When 67 g of water is heated from its melting point to its boiling point, it takes 28006 J of heat.
Relationship between heat production and temperature changeA way to numerically relate the quantity of thermal energy acquired (or lost) by a sample of any substance to that sample's mass and the temperature change that results from that is provided by specific heat capacity.The following formula is frequently used to describe the connection between these four values.
q = msΔT
where, q = the amount of heat emitted or absorbed by the thing
m = the object's mass = 67 gm
s = a specific heat capacity of the substance = 4.18 J/gC
ΔT = the resultant change in the object's temperature = 373.15 -273.15K= 100 k
q = 67 * 4.18 * 100 J
⇒q = 28006 J
Therefore it is concluded that 67 g of water takes 28006 J of heat from its melting point to reach its boiling point.
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When you balance the equation FeCl₃ + NH₄OH ---> Fe(OH)₃ + NH₄Cl, what is the coefficient of ammonium chloride?
4
1
3
2
Answer:
3
Explanation:
An equation is balanced when there is an equal amount of each element on both sides of the reaction. You can change these amounts by adding coefficients.
The unbalanced equation:
FeCl₃ + NH₄OH ---> Fe(OH)₃ + NH₄Cl
Reactants: 1 iron, 3 chlorine, 1 nitrogen, 5 hydrogen, 1 oxygen
Products: 1 iron, 1 chlorine, 1 nitrogen, 7 hydrogen, 3 oxygen
The balanced equation:
FeCl₃ + 3 NH₄OH ---> Fe(OH)₃ + 3 NH₄Cl
Reactants: 1 iron, 3 chlorine, 3 nitrogen, 15 hydrogen, 3 oxygen
Products: 1 iron, 3 chlorine, 3 nitrogen, 15 hydrogen, 3 oxygen
Ammonium Chloride = NH₄Cl
The value of the entropy change for the process N₂ (g) + 3H₂ (g) --> 2NH₃ (g) is ________.
negative
positive
unchanged
zero
The entropy change will be negative because the number of particles in the system decreased from left to right.
What is the entropy change?The term entropy refers to the degree of disorder in a system. We know that the production of gases would lead to an increase in the entropy of the system.
Now given the equation; N₂ (g) + 3H₂ (g) --> 2NH₃ (g), the entropy change will be negative because the number of particles in the system decreased from left to right.
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What color does red cabbage juice make when mixed with a dishwasher soap?
Answer:
Blue or green
Explanation:
A chemical called anthocyanin is in red cabbage juice, which changes color depending on the pH of its environment. Dishwasher soap is usually alkaline, making the juice turn a blue-green color.
What would the hydroxide ion concentration be if the hydrogen ion concentration was 1 x 10-3 M?
Taking into account the definition of pH and pOH, the hydroxide ion concentration will be 1×10⁻¹¹ M.
Definition of pHpH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution or substance.
The pH is defined as the negative base 10 logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions, that is, the concentration of hydrogen ions or H₃O⁺:
pH= - log [H⁺]= - log [H₃O⁺]
Definition of pOHSimilarly, pOH is a measure of hydroxyl ions in a solution and is expressed as the logarithm of the concentration of OH⁻ ions, with the sign changed:
pOH= - log [OH⁻]
Relationship between pH and pOHThe following relationship can be established between pH and pOH:
pOH + pH= 14
Hydroxide ion concentrationA solution had a hydrogen ion concentration of 1×10⁻³ M. In other words [H⁺]= 1×10⁻³ M.
Replacing in the definition of pH, it is calculated as:
pH= - log (1×10⁻³ M)
Solving;
pH= 3
Replacing in the relationship established between pH and pOH, the pOH can be calculated as:
pOH + 3= 14
Solving:
pOH= 14 - 3
pOH= 11
Replacing in the definition of pOH the concentration of OH⁻ ions is obtained:
- log [OH⁻]= 11
Solving:
[OH⁻]= 10⁻¹¹
[OH⁻]= 1×10⁻¹¹ M
In summary, the hydroxide ion concentration will be 1×10⁻¹¹ M.
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For each pair of molecules given in the table below, identify the correct relationship.
For each pair of molecules given in the table below, the correct relationships are identified as follows.
The relationships between the molecules are given as?These are structural isomers. This is because, they have the same molecular formula (C₆H₁₂) but possess varying structures.The given pair of molecules posses similar formula (C₄H₁₀O) and can be superimposed on one another via rotation of the entire molecule, hence they are identical isomers.In this case the pair of molecules possess similar molecular formula (C₄H₁₀O) and similar arrangement of atoms. Hence, they are identical isomers.This case also features structural isomers. They both contain the same carbon chain with similar formula - C₃H₆BrClThese pair as identical isomers. They are also derived from C₃H₆BrCl.This pair are called stereoisomers isomers. This is because they contain the same about of molecules but are different in the position of the alcohol (-OH) group. But more importantly, the position of the bonding is the same.This set is a functional pair. This is because the composition of the molecules present in each case are different.This is also a functional pair.What is a molecules?A molecule is a bonded collection of atoms that represents the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that may participate in a chemical process.
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Which statement can best be concluded from the ideal gas law?
O The product of pressuré and volume of an ideal gas is proportional to the absolute temperature.
O All collisions between atoms or molecules
are perfectly elastic and are not the result of any attractive forces.
O The temperature, pressure, and volume of a gas are all related.
O The behavior of a gas
under real conditions does not obey the ideal gas law.
The product of pressuré and volume of an ideal gas is proportional to the absolute temperature.
What is an ideal gas?An ideal gas is a gas that is not real in nature. It is a hypothetical gas that obeys the ideal gas law.
Just like normal gas particles, the particles of an ideal gas also move randomly. However, unlike normal gas molecules, the molecules of an ideal gas do not interact with one another.
The ideal gas law states that the product of the pressure and the volume of a gas is proportional to the temperature of the gas.
Mathematically, the ideal gas equation is expressed as:
PV = nRT where n = number of mole of the gas and R = constant.
Thus, the best conclusion from the ideal gas law is the product of pressure and volume is directly proportional to the temperature.
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Order the following chemicals from lowest to highest melting point.
Tungsten
Copper (II) chloride
• Caffeine
• Lead
• Sodium chloride
• Silver
Caffeine - Lead (Pb) - Copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) - Sodium chloride (NaCl) - Silver (Ag) - Tungsten
A soil test recommends applying 193 lbs N per acre. Using a 36-6-18 fertilizer, how much fertilizer is needed to meet the recommendation? Round your answer to nearest whole number.
The mass of 36-6-18 fertilizer fertilizer required is 536 lb.
What mass of nitrogen fertilizer is required for the acre of land?The mass of nitrogen fertilizer required for the acre of land is determined as follows:
Percentage of Nitrogen in the fertilizer = 36% by weight of the fertilizer.
Mass of Nitrogen required per acre = 193 lbs
Mass of fertilizer required = 193 * 100/36
Mass of fertilizer required = 536 lb of fertilizer.
In conclusion, the amount of fertilizer required is determined from the percent of nitrogen in the fertilizer.
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Which of the following aqueous solutions are good buffer systems?
(Select all that apply.)
a. 0.18 M nitrous acid + 0.13 M sodium nitrite
b. 0.27 M nitric acid + 0.25 M sodium nitrate
c. 0.29 M ammonia + 0.40 M potassium hydroxide
d. 0.15 M sodium hydroxide + 0.30 M sodium chloride
e. 0.32 M sodium chloride + 0.20 M calcium chloride
0.18 M nitrous acid + 0.13 M sodium nitrite is a good buffer system.
Hence, Option A is correct answer.
What is Buffer Solution ?It is a solution that prevent any changes in the pH of the solution on the addition of an acidic and basic components.
What are the conditions for the goof buffer system ? a weak acid and its conjugate base.a weak base and its conjugate acid.Now lets check all options one by one:
Option (A): 0.18 M nitrous acid + 0.13 M sodium nitrite
Nitrous acid is a weak acid and sodium nitrate is a conjugate base. This is a buffer.
Option (B): 0.27 M nitric acid + 0.25 M sodium nitrate
Nitric acid is a strong acid and sodium nitrate is neutral salt. So this is not good buffer.
Option (C): 0.29 M ammonia + 0.40 M potassium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide is a strong base and Ammonia is also a strong base. So this is not a good buffer.
Option (D): 0.15 M sodium hydroxide + 0.30 M sodium chloride
Sodium hydroxide is a strong base and Sodium chloride is a ionic salt. So this is not a good buffer.
Option (E): 0.32 M sodium chloride + 0.20 M calcium chloride
Sodium chloride is a ionic salt and calcium chloride is a salt of strong acid. So this is not a good buffer.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that 0.18 M nitrous acid + 0.13 M sodium nitrite is a good buffer system.
Hence, Option A is correct answer.
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What mass of water could be warmed from 21.4 degrees celsius to 43.4 degrees celsius by the pellet dropped inside it? Heat capacity of the pellet is 56 J/degrees celsius. the pellet is initially at 113 degrees celsius.
42.34 g of water could be warmed from 21.4°C to 43.4°C by the pellet dropped inside it
Heat loss by the pellet is equal to the Heat gained by the water.
[tex]q_{w} = -q_{p}[/tex] ….(1)
where, [tex]q_{w}[/tex] is the heat gained by water
[tex]q_{p}[/tex] is the heat loss by pellet
[tex]q_{w}[/tex] = mCΔT
where m = mass of water
C = specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g-°C
ΔT = Increase in temperature
ΔT for water = 43.4 - 21.4 = 22°C
[tex]q_{w}[/tex] = m × 4.184 × 22 …. (2)
Now
[tex]q_{p}[/tex] = [tex]H_{c}[/tex] ×ΔT
where [tex]H_{c}[/tex] = Heat capacity of pellet = 56J/°C
Δ T for pellet = 43.4 - 113 =- 69.6°C
[tex]q_{p}[/tex] = 56 × -69.6 = -3897.6 J
From equation (1) and (2)
-m× 4.184 × 22 =-3897.6
m= 42.34 g
Hence, 42.34 g of water could be warmed from 21.4 degrees Celsius to 43.4 degrees Celsius by the pellet dropped inside it.
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 what will happen to mangroves if nearby a coral reefs are destroyedSedimentation will occur in international zones instead of mangroves mangroves will improve without the filter ration that coral reefs provide mangrove receive less sunlight due to the increased true Bility in the water storm surges can just write mangroves along the coast line during storms
The thing that will happen to mangroves if nearby a coral reefs are destroyed is that:
Option C: Reefs will receive less sunlight due to increased turbidity in the water.How does the destruction of coral reefs occurs?The destruction that is known to have taken place in mangrove forests in the area of the coastal wetlands is known to be one that is highly depleting the amount of natural tannins in the water.
Due to the above, this is known to have subjected the close by coral reefs to have what we call an undue UV radiation. Its effect is that the reefs are said to be sunburned a lot and then the coral bleaching takes place.
Therefore, The thing that will happen to mangroves if nearby a coral reefs are destroyed is that Option C: Reefs will receive less sunlight due to increased turbidity in the water.
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What is the pressure in a 5.00 L tank with
7.10 moles of oxygen at 39.3 °C?
Answer:
36.4 atm
Explanation:
To find the pressure, you need to use the Ideal Gas Law. The equation looks like this:
PV = nRT
In this equation,
-----> P = pressure (atm)
-----> V = volume (L)
-----> n = moles
-----> R = constant (0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)
-----> T = temperature (K)
Before you can plug the given values into the equation, you first need to convert Celsius to Kelvin.
P = ? atm R = 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K
V = 5.00 L T = 393 °C + 273.15 = 312.45 K
n = 7.10 moles
PV = nRT
P(5.00 L) = (7.10 moles)(0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)(312.45 K)
P(5.00 L) = 182.130
P = 36.4 atm
PLS SOMEONE HELP ITS 1:30 IN THE MORNING
Balancing equations maintains the law of conservation of mass because the process shows how chemical reactions ____(a)______ and ____(b)______ with the same particles.
Answer:
reactants and products
Explanation:
According to law of conservation of mass
In a chemical reaction
Mass is neither created nor endorsedSo by balancing equation we fulfil this law
Answer:
oxidation-reduction reaction, also called redox reaction, any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a participating chemical species changes. The term covers a large and diverse body of processes.
Part A
How much heat is required to convert 4.88 g of ice at-14.0°C to water at 23.0°C? (The heat capacity of ice is 2.09 J/(g- "C). AHp (H₂O) = 40.7 kJ/mol, and AH (H₂O) = 6.02 kJ/mol.)
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
?
Taking into account the definition of calorimetry, sensible heat and latent heat, the amount of heat required is 2.243974 kJ or 2,243.974 J.
Definition of calorimetry, sensible heat and latent heatCalorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.
Sensible heat is defined as the amount of heat that a body absorbs or releases without any changes in its physical state (phase change).
Latent heat is defined as the energy required by a quantity of substance to change state.
When this change consists of changing from a solid to a liquid phase, it is called heat of fusion and when the change occurs from a liquid to a gaseous state, it is called heat of vaporization.
-14 °C to 0°CIn firts place, you know that the melting point is 0°C. So, first of all you must increase the temperature from -14 ° C (in solid state) to 0 ° C, in order to supply heat without changing state (sensible heat).
The amount of heat a body receives or transmits is determined by:
Q = c× m× ΔT
where Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m, made up of a specific heat substance c and where ΔT is the temperature variation.
In this case, you know:
c(solid)= heat capacity of ice= 2.09 [tex]\frac{J}{gC}[/tex]m= 4.88 gΔT= Tfinal - Tinitial= 0 °C - (-14) °C= 14 °CReplacing:
Q1= 2.09 [tex]\frac{J}{gC}[/tex] × 4.88 g× 14 °C
Solving:
Q1=142.7888 J= 0.1427888 kJ
Change of stateThe heat Q that is necessary to provide for a mass m of a certain substance to change phase is equal to
Q = m×L
where L is called the latent heat of the substance and depends on the type of phase change.
In this case, you know:
n= 4.88 g×[tex]\frac{1 mole}{18 g}[/tex] = 0.2711 moles, where 18 [tex]\frac{g}{mole}[/tex] is the molar mass of H₂O, that is, the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.ΔHfus= 6.02 [tex]\frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]Replacing:
Q2= 0.2711 moles×6.02 [tex]\frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]
Solving:
Q2= 1.632022 kJ
0 °C to 23 °CSimilar to sensible heat previously calculated, you know:
c(liquid)= specific heat of water= 4.18[tex]\frac{J}{gC}[/tex]m= 4.88 gΔT= Tfinal - Tinitial= 23 °C - 0 °C= 23 °CReplacing:
Q3= 4.18[tex]\frac{J}{gC}[/tex] × 4.88 g× 23 °C
Solving:
Q3= 469.1632 J= 0.4691632 kJ
Total heat requiredThe total heat required is calculated as:
Total heat required= 0.1427888 kJ + 1.632022 kJ + 0.4691632 kJ
Total heat required= 2.243974 kJ= 2,243.974 J
In summary, the amount of heat required is 2.243974 kJ or 2,243.974 J.
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