Explanation:
The human resources planning process is the set of strategic actions that a company will develop to use organizational human capital in an improved and effective way, that is, they are the necessary actions for attracting and retaining qualified and motivated employees to assist employees. organizational goals and objectives.
There are four main stages of HR planning, they are:
1. Analysis of the offer:
In the first stage, the company's human capital and characteristics are analyzed, that is, everything that concerns the company's workers, how many employees, what position they occupy, what benefits the company offers, etc.
2. Demand forecast:
At this stage, an analysis is made of how the company will deal with the future needs of its employees, such as promotions, layoffs, etc.
After the first stage of identifying the workforce, the HR area needs to deal with the future of human capital in the company, as people will have growth needs in the company and others.
3. Balance supply and demand:
In the third stage, HR seeks to analyze how the company's future demands seen in the second stage will influence the needs of the positions in the organization. Like the possibility of hiring more managers, the need to develop training and development programs, etc.
4. implementation:
Each previous stage of human resource planning will lead the department to identify best practices in this fourth and final stage of HR planning.
In this phase, policies, measures and actions necessary to implement the HR plan are developed so that the company can manage its human capital in the best possible way for its success, protecting the rights and duties of employees supported by development, training actions and solving your needs.
Nanjones Company manufactures a line of products distributed nationally through wholesalers. Presented below are planned manufacturing data for the year and actual data for November of the current year. The company applies overhead based on planned machine hours using a predetermined annual rate.
Planning Data
Annual November
Fixed overhead $1,200,000 $100,000
Variable overhead $2,400,000 $220,000
Direct labor hours 48,000 4,000
Machine hours 240,000 22,000
Data for November
Direct labor hours (actual) 4,200
Direct labor hours (plan based on output) 4,000
Machine hours (actual) 21,600
Machine hours (plan based on output) 21,000
Fixed overhead $101,200
Variable overhead $214,000
Nanjones’ variable overhead spending variance for November was:
a. $6,000 favorable.
b. $2,000 favorable.
c. $14,000 unfavorable.
d. $6,000 unfavorable.
Answer:
Variable manufacturing overhead spending variance= $2,000 favorable
Explanation:
First, we need to calculate the predetermined overhead rate:
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= total estimated overhead costs for the period/ total amount of allocation base
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= 2,400,000 / 240,000
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= $10 per machine hour
To calculate the variable overhead spending variance, we need to use the following formula:
Variable manufacturing overhead spending variance= (standard rate - actual rate)* actual quantity
Variable manufacturing overhead spending variance= (15 - 214,000/21,600)*21,600
Variable manufacturing overhead spending variance= $2,000 favorable
The Nanjones' variable overhead spending variance for November is a. $6,000 favorable.
Data and Calculations:
Planning Data Actual Data Variances
Annual November November
Fixed overhead $1,200,000 $100,000 $101,200 $1,200 U
Variable overhead $2,400,000 $220,000 $214,000 $6,000 F
Direct labor hours 48,000 4,000 4,200 200 U
Machine hours 240,000 22,000 21,600 400 F
Thus, the Nanjones' variable overhead spending variance for November is the difference between planned expenses and actual expenses, which is $6,000 ($214,000 - $220,000) favorable.
Learn more about variable overhead spending variance here: https://brainly.com/question/4535958
Tara Foods of Georgia produces a wide range of peanut butters and food extracts, but does not sell any of its output under its own brand name.Tara evidently produces __________ .
Answer:
Middlemen's brands
Explanation:
A middlemen's brand can be defined as a type of business in which a manufacturing company that is into the production of goods sells its products to either a wholesaler, retailer without adding their brand name. Thus, this middlemen then sell the product with their own brand name.
In this scenario, Tara Foods of Georgia produces a wide range of peanut butters and food extracts, but does not sell any of its output under its own brand name.Tara evidently produces middlemen's brands.
For example, in 2012, each of the 80 billion pieces of advertising brought 21 cents in revenue, compared to 42 cents for first-class mail. Which word could best replace revenue in this sentence
Answer:
Returns
Explanation:
Returns on an investor is the amount of profit or gain an outlay of cash is able to bring at the end of a period.
Rate of returns on invested funds is used as a yardstick by potential investors in deciding which enterprise to fund.
In the given instance where each of the 80 billion pieces of advertising brought 21 cents in revenue, a better replacement for the word revenue is return.
So returns of funds invested on each piece of advertising is 21 cents.
Answer: income
Explanation:
synonym for revenue
Constructing and Assessing Income Statements Using Cost-to-Cost Method On March 15, 2014, Frankel Construction contracted to build a shopping center at a contract price of $125 million. The schedule of expected (which equals actual) cash collections and contract costs follow ($ millions):
Year Cash Collections Cost Incurred
2014 $30 $20
2015 50 45
2016 45 35
Total $125 $100
Required:
a. Calculate the amount of revenue, expense, and net income for each of the three years 2014 through 2016 using the cost-to-cost method.
b. What best summarizes our conclusion about the usefulness of the cost-to-cost method for this company?
Answer:
a. Net income in 2014 is $5.00 million; Net income in 2015 is $11.25 million; and Net income in 2016 is $8.75million.
b. The best summary is that under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the cost-to-cost method is a method that is acceptable to be applied to contracts that span more than one accounting period.
Therefore, the cost-to-cost method is employed in calculating the revenue and net income for Frankel Construction for each of the years 2014, 2015 and 2016.
Explanation:
a. Calculate the amount of revenue, expense, and net income for each of the three years 2014 through 2016 using the cost-to-cost method.
Note: See the attached excel file for the calculations.
Cost-to-cost method can be described as a cost and revenue recognition approach in which all costs recorded to date on a project are divided by the total expected costs to be incurred on the project in order to obtain the overall percentage of completion of the project which is employed in estimating revenue and net income.
b. What best summarizes our conclusion about the usefulness of the cost-to-cost method for this company?
The best summary is that under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the cost-to-cost method is a method that is acceptable to be applied to contracts that span more than one accounting period.
In this question, the cost-to-cost method is employed in calculating the revenue and net income for this company for each of the year 2014, 2015 and 2016.
You are considering starting a company that manufactures racing bicycles. You are planning on financing your firm 40% equity and 60% debt. You estimate that your upfront costs will be $5M, and that you will earn an EBIT of $1M per year for the next 12 years. Lightning Bolt Bikes makes racing bicycles similar to the ones that you wish to manufacture. They have a CAPM equity beta of 1.9 and a debt to equity ratio of 0.7. The tax rate for both firms is 35%, the riskless rate is 3%, and the expected return on the S&P500 is 15%. Cost of Debt is 6%
Part A (5 points). What is the asset beta of Lightning Bolt Bikes?
Part B (5 points). What is your unlevered cost of equity?
Part C (5 points). What is your firm’s equity beta?
Part D (10 points). What is your firm’s weighted average cost of capital?
Part E (5 points). What is the NPV of your proposed bicycle company using the WACC method?
Answer and Explanation:
1. Asset beta measures company's risk or volatility of return in assets without the effect of leverage financing or debt.
Asset beta= Equity beta / 1+(1-tax rate) *debt / equity
2. Unlevered cost of equity measures the returns on assets without the effect of debt
Unlevered cost of equity = Risk free return + Asset Beta * (Expected market return - Risk free return)
3. Equity beta measures security prices' volatility to change in the market
4. Weighted average cost of capital is the weighted average cost or average cost of all capital sources employed by the company in financing it's assets
Weighted Average cost of capital = Cost of Equity * proportion of equity + Cost of debt after tax rate * proportion of debt
Expected return in CAPM= Risk free return +asset beta *market return -risk free return
This activity is important because any business that offers multiple product lines to multiple market segments is faced with the task of making the product/market decisions and prioritizing those decisions. Products and market segments that are growing quickly and are very profitable should get more attention and resources than a product and market segment that does not show as much potential.
Once a marketing manager creates a market-product grid, they must select which segments to target. To do this, the marketing manager should use several criteria in assessing the different segments. Those criteria include: market size, expected growth, competitive position, cost of reaching the segment, and the compatibility with the organization's objectives and resources.
The goal of this exercise is to demonstrate your understanding of the market-product development process by analyzing a gift shop's markets and products.
Read the case below and then answer the questions that follow as you consider its markets and product offerings.
A small local gift shop recently marked its 25th anniversary of being in business. Over that time, the owners have continually changed the products sold in its store to reflect changes in the market. From the early days of selling small gift-type items such as figurines and collectibles, the store now offers a more eclectic mix of merchandise that includes Vera Bradley purses and inexpensive jewelry, as well as items that could be classified as "gift-type" products and merchandise that is best described as "collectibles."
However, the demographics of the store's market, as well as the needs of that market, seem to be changing. There has been an influx of younger customers (20s and 30s) into the area, which has brought the average age of the area down by 9.8 years. This rapidly growing segment doesn't seem interested in buying the same collectibles that their parents bought. Many older residents (60s and 70s) have been leaving the area for retirement. The older customers are still buying the collectibles, but are also buying gifts for children and grandchildren for holidays and special occasions. Indeed, while sales of merchandise aimed at the younger customers have grown 30 percent, sales to the older crowd have been flat. And the younger group has now passed the older segment in terms of the size of the population. While there are other stores in the area selling similar merchandise, this gift shop has managed to get an exclusive on the Vera Bradley line, which has been popular with the younger customers. The owners of the gift shop are considering which market segment should be the focus of their attention and limited resources. This is an especially critical decision because of the limited space in the store and the need to add fixtures for carrying some of the collectible items that are coming on the market.
Based on the limited information in the case, which market segment is larger?
a) the over-80 segment
b) all segments are the same size
c) the 60s and 70s segment
d) the 20s and 30s segment
At $0.31 per bushel, the daily supply for wheat is 306 bushels, and the daily demand is 459 bushels. When the price is raised to $0.79 per bushel, the daily supply increases to 546 bushels, and the daily demand decreases to 439 bushels. Assume that the price-supply and price-demand equations are linear. a. Find the price-supply equation.
Answer:
The answer is below
Explanation:
a) Find the price supply equation. b) Find the price demand equation. c) Find the equilibrium price and quantity.
Solution:
a) A linear equation is in the form y = mx + b, where m is the slope, y is a dependent variable, x is an independent variable, b is value of y at x = 0.
Let p represent the price and q represent the quantity. Hence we have the points (306, 0.31), (546, 0.79)
Using the formula:
[tex]p-p_1=\frac{p_2-p_1}{q_2-q_1}(q-q_1)\\ \\p-0.31=\frac{0.79-0.31}{546-306} (q-306)\\\\p=0.002q-0.302[/tex]
b) Let p represent the price and q represent the demand. Hence we have the points (459, 0.31), (439, 0.79)
Using the formula:
[tex]p-p_1=\frac{p_2-p_1}{q_2-q_1}(q-q_1)\\ \\p-0.31=\frac{0.79-0.31}{439-459} (q-459)\\\\p=-0.024q+11.326[/tex]
c) At equilibrium, price supply equation = price supply equation
0.002q - 0.302 = -0.024q + 11.326
0.002q + 0.024q = 11.326 + 0.302
0.026q = 11.628
q = 447.23 bushels
p = 0.002q - 0.302 = 0.002(447.23) - 0.302
p = $1.2
Two methods can be used for producing solar panels for electric power generation. Method 1 will have an initial cost of $550,000, an annual operating cost of $160,000 per year, and $125,000 salvage value after its three-year life. Method 2 will cost $830,000 with an annual operating cost of $120,000. and a $240,000 salvage value after its five-year life. The company has asked you to determine which method is better, but it Wants the analysis done over a three-year planning period. The salvage value of Method 2 will be 35% higher after three years than it is after five years. If the company's minimum attractive rate of return is 10% per year, which method should the company select?
Answer:
the company should choose method 1
Explanation:
Method 1 Method 2
Initial outlay $550,000 $830,000
operating costs (years 1,2,3) $160,000 $120,000
salvage value $125,000 $324,000
we must determine which alternative has the lowest present value:
method 1 = $550,000 + $160,000/1.1 + $160,000/1.1² + $160,000/1.1³ - $125,000/1.1³ = $550,000 + $145,455 + $132,231 + $120,210 - $93,914 = $853,982
method 2 = $830,000 + $120,000/1.1 + $120,000/1.1² + $120,000/1.1³ - $324,000/1.1³ = $830,000 + $109,091 + $99,174 + $90,158 - $243,426 = $884,996
The McMahon Construction Company builds bridges. In September and October 20XX, the company worked on a bridge covering the Kleinfeld River in Northern Montana. The McMahon Company has two departments, the Precast Department and the Construction Department. The Precast Department is responsible for building structural elements of bridges in temporary locations (plants) located near the construction sites. The Construction Department operates at the bridge site and they are responsible for assembling the precast structural elements. The estimated costs for Kleinfeld River Bridge for the Precast Department were $ 1,750,000 for direct materials, $ 240,000 for direct labor, and $300,000 for overhead. The estimated costs for the Construction Department regarding the Kleinfeld River Bridge were $ 400,000 for direct materials, $ 180,000 for direct labor, and $ 260,000 for overhead. Overhead is applied on the last day of the month. The Overhead application rate for the Precast Department is $ 30 per direct labor hour. The Overhead application for the Construction Department is 150 percent of direct labor cost.
Transactions for September
Sept 1- Purchased $ 1,170,000 of material on account for the Precast Department to start the building of structural elements. All of the material was issued to production, of the issuance amount, $ 720,000 is considered direct material.
Sept 4- Installed utilities at bridge site at a total cost of $30,000. The amount will be paid later in the month. (Transaction applies to Construction Department)
Sept 6-Paid rent for the temporary construction site housing the Precast Department, $ 7,200.
Sept 15- Completed the bridge support pillars by the Precast Department and transfer everything to the construction site.
Sept 19- Paid machine rental expense of $ 65,000 incurred by the Construction Department for clearing the bridge site and digging the foundations for bridge supports.
Sept 23- Purchased additional materials costing $1,510,000 on account.
Sept 30-The company paid the bills for the Precast Department: utilities, $ 7,200; direct labor, $50,000; insurance, $ 6,700, indirect labor, $ 8,200. Departmental depreciation was recorded, $21,500.
Sept 30-The company paid the bills for the Construction Department: utilities, $ 2,600; direct labor, $19,500; indirect labor, $6,100; and insurance, $ 2,500. Department depreciation was recorded on equipment, $ 9,450. Sept 30- Issued a check to pay for the material purchased on Sept 1 and Sept 23. Sept 30-Applied overhead to production in each department; 6,400 machine hours were worked in the Precast Department for September. Note: Direct Labor Costs for the Construction Department were $19,500.
Transactions for October
Oct 1- Transferred additional structural elements from the Precast Department to the construction site. The construction department incurred an expense of $ 7,000 to rent a crane.
Oct 4- Issued $1,010,000 of material to the Precast Department. Of this amount, $860,000 was considered direct.
Oct 7- Paid rent of cash of $ 7,500 in cash for the temporary site that is occupied by the Precast Department.
Oct 12-Issued $ 390,000 of material to the Construction Department. Of this amount, $ 220,000 was considered direct.
Oct 15-Transferred additional structural elements from the Precast Department to the construction site.
Oct 25-Transferred the final batch of structural elements from the Precast Department to the construction site.
Oct 29-Completed the bridge.
Oct 31-Paid the final bills for the month in the Precast Department: utilities, $ 14,000; direct labor, $120,000; insurance, $10,200; indirect labor, $18,300. Department depreciation was recorded, $21,500.
Oct 31-Paid the final bills for the month in the Construction Department: utilities, $ 5,300; direct labor, $144,500; indirect labor, $19,200; and insurance, $ 7,400. Depreciation was recorded on equipment was $9,450.
Oct 31-Applied overhead in each department. The precast department recorded 4,120 machine hours in October.
Oct 31-Billed the state of Montana for the completed bridge at the contract price of $3,850,000.
Oct 31-Please record the cost of the completed jobs to Finished Goods Inventory.
Required:
Journalize the entries for the preceding transactions. For purposes of this case study it is not necessary to transfer direct material and direct labor from one department to another.
Answer:
The McMahon Construction Company
Journal Entries:
Sept. 1:
Debit Precast Direct Materials Inventory $1,170,000
Credit Accounts Payable $1,170,000
To record the purchase of materials on account for Precast.
Debit Work in Process-Precast $720,000
Debit Manufacturing Overhead (Precast Dept.) $450,000
Credit Precast Direct Materials Inventory $1,170,000
Sept. 4:
Debit Manufacturing Overhead (Construction Dept.):
Utilities Expense $30,000
Credit Utilities Payable $30,000
To recorde utilities installed at bridge site.
Sept 6:
Debit Manufacturing Overhead (Precast Dept.):
Rent Expense $7,200
Credit Cash Account $7,200
To record the payment of rent for the temporary construction site.
Sept. 15:
No journal entries.
Sept 19:
Debit Manufacturing Overhead (Construction Dept.):
Machine Rental Expense $65,000
Credit Cash Account $65,000
To record the payment of machine rental expense
Sept. 23:
Debit Direct Materials Inventory $1,510,000
Credit Accounts Payable $1,510,000
To record the purchase of additional materials on account.
Sept. 30:
Debit:
Utilities Payable-Precast Dept $7,200
Direct labor -Precast Dept. $50,000
Debit Manufacturing Overhead (Precast Dept.):
Insurance Expense- Precast $6,700
Indirect labor $8,200
Credit Cash Account $72,100
Debit Manufacturing Overhead (Precast Dept.):
Depreciation Expense$21,500
Credit Accumulated Depreciation - Precast Dept $21,500
To record the depreciation expense for the month.
Sept. 30:
Debit Work in Process: Direct labor $19,500
Debit Manufacturing Overhead (Construction Dept.):
Utilities Expense t $2,600
Indirect labor $6,100
Insurance Expense $2,500
Credit Cash Account $30,700
Debit Manufacturing Overhead (Construction Dept.):
Depreciation Expense $9,450
Credit Accumulated Depreciation - Construction Dept $9,450
To record the depreciation expense for the month.
Debit Accounts Payable $2,680,000
Credit Cash Account $2,689,000
To record the payment on account by a check issued.
Debit Work in Process (Precast) $192,000
Credit Manufacturing Overhead (Precast) $192,000
To apply overhead to production in Precast Dept.
Debit Work in Process (Construction Dept.) $29,250
Credit Manufacturing Overhead (Construction Dept.) $9,250
To apply overhead to production in the construction department.
October:
Oct. 1:
Debit Manufacturing Overhead (Construction Dept.) $7,000
Credit Cash Account $7,000
To record the cost of rental a crane.
Oct. 4:
Debit Raw Materials Inventory (Precast) $860,000
Debit Manufacturing Overhead (Precast) $150,000
Credit Raw Materials Inventory.
Oct. 7:
Debit Manufacturing Overhead (Precast Dept.):
Rent Expense $7,500
Credit Cash Account $7,500
To record the payment of rent for cash.
Oct. 12:
Debit Work in Process (Construction Dept.) $220,000
Debit Manufacturing overhead-170,000
Credit Raw Materials $390,000
To record the issue of materials to the construction dept.
Oct. 15:
No Journal Entries required
Oct. 25:
No Journal Entries required
Oct. 29:
No. Journal Required
Oct. 31:
Debit:
Work in Process (Direct labor) $120,000
Manufacturing Overhead (Precast):
Utilities $14,000
Insurance $10,200
Indirect labor $18,300
Credit Cash Account $162,500
Oct. 31:
Debit Manufacturing Overhead (Precast Dept.):
Depreciation Expense$21,500
Credit Accumulated Depreciation - Precast Dept $21,500
To record the depreciation expense for the month.
Oct 31:
Debit Work in Process: Direct labor $144,500
Debit Manufacturing (Construction Dept.):
Utilities Expense t $5,300
Indirect labor $19,200
Insurance Expense $7,400
Credit Cash Account $176,400
To record the payment of cash for the expense
Debit Manufacturing Overhead (Construction Dept.):
Depreciation Expense $9,450
Credit Accumulated Depreciation - Construction Dept $9,450
To record the depreciation expense for the month.
Debit Work in Process (Precast) $123,600
Credit Manufacturing Overhead (Precast) $123,600
To apply overhead to production in Precast Dept.
Debit Work in Process (Construction Dept.) $216,750
Credit Manufacturing Overhead (Construction Dept.) $216,750
To apply overhead to production in the construction department.
Debit Accounts Receivable (State of Montana) $3,850,000
Credit Service Revenue $3,850,000
To record the billing of the state for the completed bridge.
Debit Finished Goods Inventory $1,835,600
Credit Work in Process $1,835,600
To record the cost of the completed jobs.
Explanation:
a) Data:
Estimated costs for Kleinfeld River Bridge
Precast Construction
Department Department
Direct materials $ 1,750,000 $ 400,000
Direct labor 240,000 180,000
Overhead 300,000 260,000
Overhead application $30 per DMH 150% DL
Machine hours worked 6,400 MH $19,500
Work in Process:
Materials $720,000
Direct labor (precast) 50,000
Direct labor (construction) 19,500
Overhead applied 192,000
Overhead applied 29,250
Materials 220,000
Direct labor 120,000
Direct labor 144,500
Overhead applied 123,600
Overhead applied 216,750
Total cost $1,835,600
A company reports accounting data in its financial statements. This data is used for financial analyses that provide insights into a company’s strengths, weaknesses, performance in specific areas, and trends in performance. These analyses are often used to compare a company’s performance to that of its competitors, or to its past or expected future performance. Such insight helps managers and analysts improve their decision making. Most decision makers and analysts use five groups of ratios to examine the different aspects of a company’s performance. Indicate whether each of the following statements regarding financial ratios are true or false?
a. The ratios provide an accurate and thorough representation of the Chinese company’s performance.b. The analysis likely includes incorrect and misleading conclusions.
Answer:
a. False
b. True
Explanation:
Ratio analysis is a very useful method of analyzing a company however it is not necessarily very in-depth. If a company seems to be performing below the industrial average, it would be prudent to check the reasons why the company is doing so.
The advantage of ratio analysis in this instance is that it would help point you in the right direction to know what accounts to analyze more intensely to find out why the Chinese company is not performing up to standard.
Ratio analysis are good but they do not always provide an accurate and thorough representation of a company’s performance therefore relying solely on ratios will lead to an analysis that likely includes incorrect and misleading conclusions.
Carving Creations jointly produces wood chips and sawdust used in agriculture. The wood chips and sawdust are actually by-products of the company’s core operations, but Carving Creations accounts for them just like normally produced goods because of their large volumes. One jointly produced batch yields 3,000 cubic yards of wood chips and 10,000 cubic yards of sawdust, and the estimated cost per batch is $21,400. However, the joint production of each good is not equally weighted. Management at Carving Creations estimates that for the time it takes to produce 10 cubic yards of wood chips in the joint production process, only 2 cubic yards of sawdust are produced.
Given this information, allocate the joint costs of production to each product using the weighted average method.
Joint Product Allocation
Sawdust _____$
Wood chips _____
Totals _____ $
Answer:
Carving Creations
Joint Product Allocation
Sawdust _____$ 12,840 ($0.428 * 30,000)
Wood chips _____ $8,560 ($0.428 * 20,000)
Totals _____ $21,400
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Wood chips = 3,000 cubic yards
Sawdust = 10,000 cubic yards
Estimated batch cost = $21,400
Weight assigned to wood chips production = 10
Weight assigned to sawdust production = 2
Weighted Allocation of the joint costs:
Wood chips = 3,000 * 10 = 30,000
Sawdust = 10,000 * 2 = 20,000
Total weighted units = 50,000
Allocation rate based on weights = $21,400/50,000
= $0.428
Joint Product Allocation
Sawdust _____$ 12,840 ($0.428 * 30,000)
Wood chips _____ $8,560 ($0.428 * 20,000)
Totals _____ $21,400
What are the 2 main sources of data
Answer:
internal and external source
Explanation:
Answer:
There are two sources of data. they are:
1. Internal Source.
2. External Source.
Explanation:
Internal Source. When data are collected from reports and records of the organision itself, it is known as the internal source.
External Source. When data are collected from outside the organition, it is known as the external source.
Bridgeport Inc. wishes to accumulate $1,092,000 by December 31, 2030, to retire bonds outstanding. The company deposits $168,000 on December 31, 2020, which will earn interest at 10% compounded quarterly, to help in the retirement of this debt. In addition, the company wants to know how much should be deposited at the end of each quarter for 10 years to ensure that $1,092,000 is available at the end of 2030. (The quarterly deposits will also earn at a rate of 10%, compounded quarterly.) (Round factor values to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25124 and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 458,581.)
Answer: $9,479
Explanation:
The number of periods = 10 years * 4 quarters = 40 periods
Interest per quarter = 10%/4 = 2.5%
$168,000 has been deposited. The value of this cash after 10 years is;
= 168,000 ( 1 + 2.5%) ^ 40
= $451,090.72
Out of $1,090,000, the amount remaining is;
= $1,090,000 - 451,090.72
= $638,909.28
They need to deposit an annuity per quarter to get to $638,909.28.
Future Value of Annuity = Annuity * ([1 + I]^N - 1 )/I
638,909.28 = Annuity * [(1+0.025)^40 - 1] /0.025
638,909.28 = Annuity * 67.40255
Annuity = 638,909.28/67.40255
= $9,479
You work for a marketing firm that has just landed a contract with Run-of-the-Mills to help them promote three of their products: splishy splashies, frizzles, and cannies. All of these products have been on the market for some time, but, to entice better sales, Run-of-the-Mills wants to try a new advertisement that will market two of the products that consumers will likely consume together. As a former economics student, you know that complements are typically consumed together while substitutes can take the place of other goods.
Run-of-the-Mills provides your marketing firm with the following data: When the price of splishy splashies decreases by 5%, the quantity of frizzles sold increases by 4% and the quantity of cannies sold decreases by 5%. Your job is to use the cross-price elasticity between splishy splashies and the other goods to determine which goods your marketing firm should advertise together.
Complete the first column of the following table by computing the cross-price elasticity between splishy splashies and flopsicles, and then between splishy splashies and kipples. In the second column, determine if splishy splashies are a complement to or a substitute for each of the goods listed. Finally, complete the final column by indicating which good you should recommend marketing with splishy splashies.
Relative to Splishy Splashies
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand Complement or Substitute Recommend Marketing with Splishy Splashies
Flopsicles
Kipples
Answer:
cross-price elasticity formula = % change in quantity demanded of good X / % change in price of good Y
cross-price elasticity of demand between splishy splashies and frizzles (or is it flopsicles?) = 4% / -5% = -0.8, complement goods. When the cross price elasticity is negative, then the goods complement each other.
cross-price elasticity of demand between splishy splashies and cannies (or is it kippies?) = -5% / -5% = 1, substitute goods. When the cross price elasticity is positive, then the goods substitute each other.
If you are about to launch a marketing campaign for splishy splashies, then you should include frizzles in it.
Tariff effects: An overview
Consider two hypothetical countries, Alagir and Ertil. Both countries produce iGadgets, and the price of iGadgets is lower in Alagir than in Ertil. If Alagir and Ertil open to trade, producers in would be more likely to lobby their government for an import tariff on iGadgets in order to protect themselves from foreign competition.
Which of the following statements about the effects of the tariff compared to free trade are correct?
A. In Alagir, workers in iGadget importing companies lose their jobs.
B. In Ertil, some workers at retail and shipping companies that import iGadgets lose their jobs.
C. In Ertil, consumers pay more for the domestic iGadgets.
D. In Ertil, workers in iGadget importing companies see more jobs available to them.
E. In Ertil, producers of iGadgets are willing to expand output.
Answer:
1. If Alagir and Ertil open to trade, producers in Ertil would be more likely to lobby their government for an import tariff on iGadgets in order to protect themselves from foreign competition.
Producers in Ertil would be at a disadvantage because people in Ertil would simply buy the lower priced iGadgets from Alagir so the producers in Ertil would lobby their Government for tariffs to protect them.
2.
B. In Ertil, some workers at retail and shipping companies that import iGadgets lose their jobs.If an import tariff is imposed, people will find the goods from Alagir more expensive and so will import less. The companies who did the shipping and retail of the goods from Alagir would have to let go of some people to save costs or because they would close down.
C. In Ertil, consumers pay more for the domestic iGadgets.With tariffs to protect them, the domestic producers in Ertil can charge higher prices.
E. In Ertil, producers of iGadgets are willing to expand output.With the tariff protecting them, the producers will be willing to expand output so that they can sell more iGadgets at the new higher price.
free brainlyest. first answer gets it
Answer:
adasdw
Explanation:
Answer:
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The environmental protection agency of a county would like to preserve a piece of land as a wilderness area. The current owner has offered to lease the land to the county for 20 years in return for a lump-sum payment of $1.1 million, which would be paid at the beginning of the 20-year period. The agency has estimated that the land would generate $110,000 per year in benefits to hunters, bird watchers, and hikers. Assume that the lease price represents the social opportunity cost of the land and that the appropriate real discount rate is 4 percent.
a. Assuming that the yearly benefits, which are measured in real dollars, accrue at the end of each of the 20 years, calculate the net benefits of leasing the land. Should the environmental protection agency pay for this piece of land?
b. Some analysts in the agency argue that the annual real benefits are likely to grow at a rate of 2 percent per year due to increasing population and county income. Recalculate the net benefits assuming that they are correct. Should the environmental protection agency pay for this piece of land?
Answer: Check explanation
Explanation:
a. For this scenario, it should be noted that the net benefits for the land lease will be equal to the present value of the benefits that are generated. This will be the annual benefit multiplied by the present value of annuity factor. This will be:
= $110,000 x 13.59
= $1,494,900
From the calculation, we can see that the lease price is less than the present value calculated, this implies that the transaction will incur a profit and should be undertaken.
b. For the growing annuity here, the calculation will be:
= [$110,000/(4% - 2%)] x [1 - [(1 + 2%)/(1 + 4%)]²⁰]
= [$110,000/2%] × [1 - (1 + 0.02)/(1 + 0.04)²⁰]
= $5,500,000 x 0.321833005
= $1,770,081.53
The environmental agency should pay for the piece of land as the present value calculated is higher.
Note that the present value of the annuity factor for 20 years at 4% = 13.59
We run a delivery service, and we believe our firm has market risk equally between that of UPS and FedEx. We know the following about these 2 firms:______.
Stock Price per share # shares outstanding Market Value of Debt
UPS $65 0.7 billion $ 5 billion
FedEx $55 250 million $ 3 billion
We also have the following data on the securities of these firms:_______.
Beta E Beta D
UPS 0.8 0
FedEx 1.1 0.1
Assume that our firm has risk-free debt with market value $20 million and equity with market value $450 million. Assume that taxes are not relevant. Please estimate our firm’s equity beta
Answer:
The answer is "0.85 "
Explanation:
In order to locate a beta of the company, we must find the average beta of unlevered UPS and FedEx and find a levered beta of the company.
Price Outstanding shares(Billion) Market valu of equity(Billion) Market value of debt(billions) D/E Ratio
UPS 65 0.7 45.5 5 0.1099
FedEx 55 0.25 13.75 3 0.2182
[tex]Unlevered \ beta= \frac{levered \ beta}{(1+((1- tax rate)\times(\frac{Debt}{Equity})))}[/tex]
taxes desn't matter , given in the question so, assumed to be 0
[tex]Unlevered \ beta \ for \ UPS= \frac{0.8}{1+(1-0)\times (0.1099)}[/tex]
[tex]= \frac{0.8}{1+(1)\times (0.1099)}\\\\= \frac{0.8}{1+(0.1099)}\\\\= \frac{0.8}{1.1099}\\\\=0.72[/tex]
[tex]Unlevered \ beta \ for \ FedEx= \frac{1.1}{1+(1-0)\times (0.2182)}[/tex]
[tex]= \frac{1.1}{1+(1)\times (0.2182)}\\\\= \frac{1.1}{1+(0.2182)}\\\\= \frac{1.1}{1.2182}\\\\=0.90[/tex]
[tex]Average \ Unlevered \ beta = \frac{0.72+0.90}{2}[/tex]
[tex]= \frac{1.62}{2}\\\\=0.81[/tex]
[tex]\text{levered beta of the delivery service firm }= unlevered \ beta \times(1+(1-taxes) \times (\frac{debt}{equity}))[/tex]
[tex]= 0.81 \times (1+(1-0)\times (\frac{20}{450})\\\\= 0.81 \times (1+(1)\times (0.04)\\\\= 0.81 \times (1+(0.04)\\\\= 0.81 \times (1.04)\\\\=0.85[/tex]
Which represents the best way to compose experience statements? a. Input 35+ accounts receivable using QuickBooks Prepared monthly billing statements and mailed them to customers Answered phones in busy office, referred customer billing questions to appropriate staff, and wrote e-mails to vendors b. Used QuickBooks to input accounts recievable Prepare monthly billing statements for customers Conducted general office duties such as phone inquiries, referring customers to proper staff, and I also wrote e-mails to vendors c. Responsible for inputting data for more than 35 accounts into QuickBooks Experienced with creating monthly billing statements to mail to customers As receptionist, I answered customer billing questions, wrote e-mails to vendors Skip
Full question read.
"You will graduate with a BA in accounting from the University of Texas in Austin in a few weeks. And saw an ad for a position in your hometown of San Antonio that matches your skill set. Your experience in your current job, in which you counted cash from various establishments around campus, and prepared daily deposit slips matches one of the full-time jobs requirements. Before that, you performed accounts receivable functions at a large construction company. Another requirement named in the job ad. You decide to apply for the position. Your task. Create a resume tailored to the position. "
This well-written objective customized for the job opening, includes strategic key words for applicant tracking systems and focuses on how the candidate can contribute to the organization. This bulleted list of employment history, most appropriately quantifies the candidates accomplishments.
Which represents the best way to compose experience statements?
Answer:
C. Responsible for inputting data for more than 35 accounts into QuickBooksExperienced with creating monthly billing statements to mail to customersAs receptionist, I answered customer billing questions, wrote e-mails to vendorsExplanation:
Remember, we are told that "strategic key words for applicant tracking systems..." would be used by the organization to determine the best candidates. It, therefore means that accurate spelling would make an experience statement compelling and detectable by the tracking system.
From the above statements, under these conditions, option c appears to be the best way to compose experience statements.
A company has total equity of $2,160, net working capital of $240, long-term debt of $1,070, and current liabilities of $4,500. What is the company's net fixed assets?
Answer:
$2,990
Explanation:
A company's fixed asset consist of its plants and machineries, motor vehicles , buildings etc.
To get the company's net fixed asset, we would subtract the networking capital from total equity and add up long term debt.
Therefore,
Net fixed asset = $2,160 total equity - $240 working capital + $1,070 long term debt
= $2,990
Hence net fixed asset is $2,990
Determining the true cash balance, starting with the unadjusted book balance
Nickleson Company had an unadjusted cash balance of $7,176 as of May 31. The company’s bank statement, also dated May 31, included a $67 NSF check written by one of Nickleson’s customers. There were $1,239 in outstanding checks and $255 in deposits in transit as of May 31. According to the bank statement, service charges were $35, and the bank collected an $600 note receivable for Nickleson. The bank statement also showed $14 of interest revenue earned by Nickleson.
Required:
Determine the true cash balance as of May 31. (Hint: It is not necessary to use all of the preceding items to determine the true balance.)
True cash balance
Answer: $7,688
True Cash balance = Unadjusted cash balance + Interest earned + Note received from Nickleson by bank - NSF (Non-sufficient funds) check - bank charges
= 7,176 + 14 + 600 - 67 - 35
= $7,688
Outstanding checks and deposits in transit do not need to be accounted for as they are already included in the unadjusted book balance.
Carol wants to invest money in a 6% Certificate of Deposit (CD) that compounds semiannually. Carol would like the account to have a balance of $50,000 five years from now. How much must Carol deposit to accomplish her goal
Answer:
the present value is $37,230.10
Explanation:
The computation of the present value is shown below:
As we know that
Future value = Present value × (1 + rate of interest)^time period
$50,000 = Present value × (1 + 0.06 ÷ 2)^5 × 2
$50,000 = Present value × (1.03)^10
$50,000 = Present value × 1.343
So, the present value is $37,230.10
hence, the present value is $37,230.10
We simply applied the above formula
Ballou Corporation declared a cash dividend on December 13, 2018, payable on January 10, 2019. By mistake, the company failed to make a journal entry in December 2018. The effect of this error on the financial statements as of December 31, 2018 were:_____.
a. retained earnings was overstated and liabilities were understated.
b. retained earnings was overstated and cash were understated.
c. retained earnings and liabilities were both understated.
d. retained earnings and liabilities were both overstated.
Answer: a. retained earnings was overstated and liabilities were understated.
Explanation:
Dividends are paid from the Retained Earnings so when a company announces a dividend, that dividend is to be deducted from the Retained earnings. As this was not done, the Retained earnings at year end are overstated.
As the dividends are not paid immediately, they become liabilities. With the relevant entries not made, the dividends were not recorded as liabilities which makes liabilities understated.
Fields Company has two manufacturing departments, forming and painting. The company uses the weighted-average method of process costing. At the beginning of the month, the forming department has 36,000 units in inventory, 70% complete as to materials and 30% complete as to conversion costs. The beginning inventory cost of $82,100 consisted of $58,000 of direct materials costs and $24,100 of conversion costs.
During the month, the forming department started 520,000 units. At the end of the month, the forming department had 40,000 units in ending inventory, 85% complete as to materials and 35% complete as to conversion. Units completed in the forming department are transferred to the painting department. Cost information for the forming department is as follows:
Beginning work in process inventory $82,100
Direct materials added during the month 1,942,930
Conversion added during the month 1,359,730
1A. Calculate the equivalent units of production for the forming department.
1B. Calculate the costs per equivalent unit of production for the forming department.
1C. Using the weighted-average method, assign costs to the forming department’s output—specifically, its units transferred to painting and its ending work in process inventory.
Answer:
Please see attached detailed solution
Explanation:
1a. Direct material 550,000
Conversion 530,000
1b. Direct materials $3.64 per EUP
Conversion $2.61 per EUP
1c. Costs assigned to the forming department's output
• Total cost of ending work in process $160,300
• Total costs assigned $3,384,760
Please see attached detailed solution to the above questions and answers.
All of the current year's entries for Zimmerman Company have been made, except the following adjusting entries. The company's annual accounting year ends on December 31
On September 1 of the current year, Zimmerman collected six months' rent of $8,520 on storage space. At that date, Zimmerman debited Cash and credited Unearned Rent Revenue for $8,520.
On October 1 of the current year, the company borrowed $13,200 from a local bank and signed a one-year, 12 percent note for that amount. The principal and interest are payable on the maturity date.
Depreciation of $3,000 must be recognized on a service truck purchased in July of the current year at a cost of $24,000.
Cash of $3,600 was collected on November of the current year, for services to be rendered evenly over the next year beginning on November 1 of the current year. Unearned Service Revenue was credited when the cash was received.
On November 1 of the current year, Zimmerman paid a one-year premium for property insurance, $9,960, for coverage starting on that date. Cash was credited and Prepaid Insurance was debited for this amount.
The company earned service revenue of $4,200 on a special job that was completed December 29 of the current year. Collection will be made during January of the next year. No entry has been recorded.
At December 31 of the current year, wages earned by employees totaled $13,700. The employees will be paid on the next payroll date in January of the next year.
On December 31 of the current year, the company estimated it owed $490 for this year's property taxes on land. The tax will be paid when the bill is received in January of next year.
2. Using the following headings, indicate the effect of each adjusting entry and the amount of the effect. Use + for increase, − for decrease. (Reminder: Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity; Revenues – Expenses = Net Income; and Net Income accounts are closed to Retained Earnings, a part of Stockholders’ Equity.)
Answer:
1) adjusting entries
a. On September 1 of the current year, Zimmerman collected six months' rent of $8,520 on storage space. At that date, Zimmerman debited Cash and credited Unearned Rent Revenue for $8,520.
Dr Unearned rental revenue 5,500
Cr Rental revenue 5,500
b. On October 1 of the current year, the company borrowed $13,200 from a local bank and signed a one-year, 12 percent note for that amount. The principal and interest are payable on the maturity date.
Dr Interest expense 396
Cr Interest payable 396
c. Depreciation of $3,000 must be recognized on a service truck purchased in July of the current year at a cost of $24,000.
Dr Depreciation expense 3,000
Cr Accumulated depreciation 3,000
d. Cash of $3,600 was collected on November of the current year, for services to be rendered evenly over the next year beginning on November 1 of the current year. Unearned Service Revenue was credited when the cash was received.
Dr Unearned service revenue 600
Cr Service revenue 600
e. On November 1 of the current year, Zimmerman paid a one-year premium for property insurance, $9,960, for coverage starting on that date. Cash was credited and Prepaid Insurance was debited for this amount.
Dr Insurance expense 1,660
Cr Prepaid insurance 1,660
f. The company earned service revenue of $4,200 on a special job that was completed December 29 of the current year. Collection will be made during January of the next year. No entry has been recorded.
Dr Accounts receivable 4,200
Cr Service revenue 4,200
g. At December 31 of the current year, wages earned by employees totaled $13,700. The employees will be paid on the next payroll date in January of the next year.
Dr Wages expense 13,700
Cr Wages payable 13,700
h. On December 31 of the current year, the company estimated it owed $490 for this year's property taxes on land. The tax will be paid when the bill is received in January of next year.
Dr Property taxes expense 490
Cr Property taxes payable 490
2) Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Revenues - Expenses = Net
Equity Income
a. na - + + na +
b. na - - na - -
c. - na - na - -
d. na - + + na +
e. - na - na - -
f. + na + + na +
g. na + - na - -
h. na + - na - -
HELP ME PLSSS SOMEONE HELPP ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
tom sold 3 cars ( a total value of $112,500) in the month of january. it is paid only by commission for its seller. he receives a commission of 7%. what is tom’s salary for the month of january?
Answer:
$7,875
Explanation:
Total car sales in January: $112,500
Commission at the rate of 7%,
Salary for January is :
7 percent of $112,500
=7/100 x $112,500
=0.07 x $112,500
=$7,875
Connors Corporation acquired manufacturing equipment for use in its assembly line. Below are four independent situations relating to the acquisition of the equipment. (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, PVA of $1, FVAD of $1 and PVAD of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.)
A. The equipment was purchased on account for $25,000. Credit terms were 2/10, n/30. Payment was made within the discount period and the company records the purchases of equipment net of discounts.
B. Connors gave the seller a noninterest-bearing note. The note required payment of $27,000 one year from date of purchase. The fair value of the equipment is not determinable. An interest rate of 10% properly reflects the time value of money in this situation.
C. Connors traded in old equipment that had a book value of $6,000 (original cost of $14,000 and accumulated depreciation of $8,000) and paid cash of $22,000. The old equipment had a fair value of $2,500 on the date of the exchange. The exchange has commercial substance.
D. Connors issued 1,000 shares of its nopar common stock in exchange for the equipment. The market value of the common stock was not determinable. The equipment could have been purchased for $24,000 in cash.
Required:
For each of the above situations, prepare the journal entry required to record the acquisition of the equipment.
Answer:
Entries and their narrations are posted below
Explanation:
We will record assets and expenses on the debit as they increase during the year and will record liabilities and capital on the credit side as they increase during the year or vice versa.
Journal Entries
Debit Credit
A. The equipment was purchased on account for $25,000.
Equipment $25,000
Accounts Payable $25,000
B. Connors gave the seller a noninterest-bearing note. The note required payment of (27,000 x 1/(1+10%)
Equipment $24,545
Discount on Notes Payable $2,455
Note Payable $27,000
C. Connors traded in old equipment that had a book value of $6,000
Equipment New $24,500
Accumulated Depreciation $8,000
Loss on Equipment $3,500
Cash $22,000
Equipment Old $14,000
D.Connors issued 1,000 shares of its nopar common stock in exchange for the equipment
Equipment $24,000
Common Stock $24,000
William Company owns and operates a nationwide chain of movie theaters. The 500 properties in the William chain vary from low volume, small town, single-screen theaters to high volume, big city, multi-screen theaters. The management is considering installing machines that will make popcorn on the premises. These machines would allow the theaters to sell popcorn that would be freshly popped daily rather than the pre-popped corn that is currently purchased in large bags. This proposed feature would be properly advertised and is intended to increase patronage at the company's theaters.
Annual rental costs and operating costs vary with the size of the machines. The machine capacities and costs are as follows:
Economy Regular Super
Annual capacity (boxes) Cost 50,000 120,000 300,000
Annual machine rental $8,000 $11,000 $20,000
Popcorn cost per box 130 130 130
Other costs per box 220 140 050
Cost of each box 080 080 080
Required:
a. Calculate the volume level in boxes at which the economy popper and regular popper would earn the same profit (loss).
b. Management can estimate the number of boxes to be sold at each of its theaters. Present a decision rule that would enable William's management to select the most profitable machine without having to make a separate cost calculation for each theater.
c. Could management use the average number of boxes sold per seat for the entire chain and the capacity of each theater to develop this decision rule? Explain your answer.
Answer:
William Company
a) Volume level in boxes at which the economy popper and the regular popper would earn the same profit (loss):
Economy Regular Difference in costs
Total Fixed costs $58,000 $131,000 $73,000
Total Variable costs per unit $430 $350 $80
Volume = Difference in fixed costs/Difference in variable = $73,000/$80
= 912.5 boxes
b. Decision rule: We assume a selling price of $1,000 per box, then based on this selling price, we calculate the contribution per box. The decision rule is to purchase the machine that has the least break-even point in sales unit.
Economy Regular Super
Total fixed annual costs $58,000 $131,000 $320,000
Selling price per box $1,000 $1,000 $1,000
Total variable cost per box $430 $350 $260
Contribution per box $570 $650 $740
Break-even point = 101.75 201.54 432.43
The most profitable machine is the Economy Popper since it has the least break-even point. This is the point at which management will start realizing some profits after covering all the fixed costs.
c. Management may not be able to use the average number of boxes sold per seat for the entire chain and the capacity of each theater to develop this decision rule. Using this will be complicated. But, using the break-even point for each machine is a lot easier and simpler to implement.
Explanation:
a) Machine Capacities and Costs Data and Calculations:
Economy Regular Super
Annual capacity (boxes) Cost 50,000 120,000 300,000
Annual machine rental $8,000 $11,000 $20,000
Total fixed annual costs $58,000 $131,000 $320,000
Popcorn cost per box 130 130 130
Other costs per box 220 140 050
Cost of each box 080 080 080
Total variable cost per box $430 $350 $260
10. ________________ is the extent to which employees have positive or negative feelings about various aspects of their work.
Answer:
A. Job satisfaction
Explanation:
Job satisfaction can be influenced by a number of significant factors. There may be motivation or lack of motivation according to the working conditions, such as job perception, management, organizational culture, reward system, etc.
There needs to be active management to analyze what are the main factors that affect job satisfaction in an organization, so that there is greater motivation, productivity, positive business climate, ethical behaviors, etc.
Consider the markets for three products below. Indicate which characteristics of a competitive market are met by these markets.
Market: gasoline
a. Large number of buyers unanswered
b. Standardized good unanswered
c. Full information unanswered
d. No transaction cost unanswered
e. Participants are price takers unanswered
Market: barbershop haircuts
a. Large number of buyers unanswered
b. Standardized good unanswered
c. Full information unanswered
d. No transaction cost unanswered
e. Participants are price takers unanswered
Market: bicycles
a. Large number of buyers unanswered
b. Standardized good unanswered
c. Full information unanswered
d. No transaction cost unanswered
e. Participants are price takers
Answer:
Market: gasoline (monopolistic competition with few sellers and many buyers)
a. Large number of buyers
b. Standardized good
c. Full information (not all participants know all the information, but most is available if they search for it)
d. No transaction cost
e. Participants are price takers
Market: barbershop haircuts (monopolistic competition with a lot of sellers and many buyers, but differentiated service)
a. Large number of buyers
d. No transaction cost
e. Participants are price takers
Market: bicycles (resembles a perfect competition market)
a. Large number of buyers
b. Standardized good
c. Full information (not all participants know all the information, but most is available if they search for it)
d. No transaction cost
e. Participants are price takers
Explanation:
No market provides full information to all participants. The closest you can get are some markets where commodities are traded and the price is set be certain exchange institutions. E.g. the Chicago Mercantile Exchange sets the price of agricultural commodities in the US, and most trading companies follow that price but variations still exist (even though they are minimum).
It is not possible for all the consumers of gasoline, haircuts or bicycles to know the exact price of all the goods the services since the price varies from one seller to another. Even if they are part of a retail chain, the price varies. Full information only exists in theoretical models, it doesn't exist in the real world.
Market: gasoline (monopolistic competition with few sellers and many buyers)
a. Large number of buyers
b. Standardized good
c. Full information (not all participants know all the information, but most is available if they search for it)
d. No transaction cost
e. Participants are price takers
Market: barbershop haircuts (monopolistic competition with a lot of sellers and many buyers, but differentiated service)
a. Large number of buyers
d. No transaction cost
e. Participants are price takers
Market: bicycles (resembles a perfect competition market)
a. Large number of buyers
b. Standardized good
c. Full information (not all participants know all the information, but most is available if they search for it)
d. No transaction cost
e. Participants are price takers
Explanation:
No market provides full information to all participants. The closest you can get are some markets where commodities are traded and the price is set be certain exchange institutions. E.g. the Chicago Mercantile Exchange sets the price of agricultural commodities in the US, and most trading companies follow that price but variations still exist (even though they are minimum).
It is not possible for all the consumers of gasoline, haircuts or bicycles to know the exact price of all the goods the services since the price varies from one seller to another. Even if they are part of a retail chain, the price varies. Full information only exists in theoretical models, it doesn't exist in the real world.