Answer:
$28000
25%
$7000
Explanation:
Depreciable cost = cost of the asset - residual value
$30,800 - $2800 = $28,000
The straight-line rate = annual depreciation expense / Depreciable cost
7000 / 28,000 x 100 = 25%
Straight line depreciation expense = (Cost of asset - Salvage value) / useful life
$28,000 / 4 = $7000
There are several ways that central banks can increase or decrease the money supply. Match the descriptions below with the corresponding policy tool. It is possible that a description does not apply to any of the terms.
a. Open Market Operations
b. Reserve Requirement
c. Discount Rate
1. A government printing more currency.
2. An increase in the percentage of deposits that bank must keep on hand.
3. An increase in the interest rate that a central bank charges commercial banks for loans.
4. An increase in government spending
5. A central bank purchasing existing bonds.
Answer:
An increase in the percentage of deposits that bank must keep on hand- RESERVE REQUIREMENT
2. An increase in the interest rate that a central bank charges commercial banks for loans - DISCOUNT RATE
Open Market Operations - A central bank purchasing existing bonds.
1 and 4 are not instances of monetary policy
Explanation:
Monetary policy are policies taken by the central bank of a country to shift aggregate demand.
Tools of monetary policy
1. Open market operations : government can either sell bonds to the public, this is known as open market sales. this is an example of an contractionary policy or it can buy bonds from the public. this is known as open market purchase. it is an expansionary policy
2. Reserve Requirement : Reserves are the proportion of deposits required by the central bank that banks keep
If reserve requirement is increased, it is an example of a contractionary policy. If on the other hand, it is reduced, it is an example of an expansionary policy.
3. Discount rate : this is the rate at which the central bank lends to commercial banks. An increase in discount rate is a contractionary policy while an decrease in discount rate is an expansionary policy
There are two types of monetary policy :
Expansionary monetary policy : these are polices taken in order to increase money supply. When money supply increases, aggregate demand increases. reducing interest rate and open market purchase are ways of carrying out expansionary monetary policy
Contractionary monetary policy : these are policies taken to reduce money supply. When money supply decreases, aggregate demand falls. Increasing interest rate and open market sales are ways of carrying out contractionary monetary policy
Goals of monetary policy include
• financial market stability
• economic growth
• high employment
• price stability
Several years ago, Judy purchased a $1,000 par value corporate bond in the secondary market for $965. Although the bond still has several years until maturity, similar bonds in the marketplace are now selling at a premium with a market price of $1,065. If Judy were to sell her bond, how much, if any, would be treated as a capital gain
Answer: $100
Explanation:
The capita gain is simply the difference between the price that Judy bough the bond at and the price of the bond should Judy decide to sell it now.
Capital gain is therefore:
= Selling price - Buying price
= 1,065 - 965
= $100
Juanita worked hard all year so that she could go to nursing school the following year. She put her savings into a mutual fund that paid a nominal interest rate of 4 percent a year. The CPI was 252 at the beginning of the year and 257 at the end of the year. What was the real interest rate that Juanita earned?
Answer:
1.98%
Explanation:
Inflation rate = (CPI at the end of the year / CPI at the beginning of the year) - 1
(257 / 252) - 1 = 0.01984 = 1.984%
(1 + nominal interest rate) = (1 + inflation rate) (1 + real interest rate)
1.04 = 1.01984 x (1 + real interest rate)
(1 + real interest rate) = (1.04 / 1.01984) - 1 = 1.98%
What is salary system?
Answer:
Salary systems – also referred to as compensation plans or pay structure – are a collection of steps, policies and practices employers use to pay employees for their work. Salary systems consist of more than producing a weekly, biweekly or bimonthly paycheck.
Explanation:
At the end of January, the unadjusted trial balance of Windsor, Inc. included the following accounts: DEBIT CREDIT Sales (80% of this is credit sales) $500,000 Accounts Receivable $340,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $800 Answer the following 2 questions: 1) Windsor uses the balance sheet approach in estimating uncollectible accounts expense, and aging the accounts receivable indicates the estimated uncollectible portion to be $7,400. What is the amount of uncollectible accounts expense recognized in Windsor's income statement for January
Answer:
$6,600
Explanation:
Calculation to determine What is the amount of uncollectible accounts expense recognized in Windsor's income statement for January
Using this formula
Uncollectible accounts expense=estimated uncollectible portion-Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Let plug in the formula
Uncollectible accounts expense=$7400-$800
Uncollectible accounts expense=$6,600
Therefore the amount of uncollectible accounts expense recognized in Windsor's income statement for January is $6,600
The adjusted trial balance of Novak Corp. shows these data pertaining to sales at the end of its fiscal year, October 31, 2022: Sales Revenue $907,200; Freight-Out $13,600; Sales Returns and Allowances $19,800; and Sales Discounts $15,200.
Required:
Prepare the sales section of the income statement.
Answer:
$872,200
Explanation:
Preparation of the sales section of the income statement.
NOVAK CORP Income Statement ( Partial)
for the year ended 31 Oct, 2022
Revenue [Net Sales]
Sales Revenue $907,200
Less:
Sales Return & Allowances ($19,800)
Sales Discounts ($15,200)
Net Sales $872,200
Therefore the sales section of the income statement is $872,200
Vaughn, Inc. uses the dollar-value LIFO method of computing its inventory. Data for the past 3 years follow. Year Ended December 31 Inventory at Current-Year Cost Price Index 2019 $20,000 100 2020 22,464 108 2021 26,334 114 Compute the value of the 2020 and 2021 inventories using the dollar-value LIFO method.
Answer:
Year Ended December 31 Inventory at Current-Year Cost Price Index
2019 $20,000 100
2020 $22,464 108
2021 $26,334 114
Inventory at base year prices:
2020 = $20,800
2021 = $23,100
Change from prior yer:
2020 = $800
2021 = $2,300
Dollar value:
2020 = $20,000 + ($800 x 1.08) = $20,864
2021 = $20,864 + (2,300 x 1.14) = $23,486
Chức năng cắt trừ giá trị là chức năng quan trọng nhất của tiền theo quan điểm của nền kinh tế hiện đại
Consider the following statements, and indicate which variable is an independent variable and which variable is a dependent variable; moreover, determine whether there is a positive or a negative relationship between two variables.
a. More educated employees typically have higher income than less educated employees.
Education is the (Click to select)dependentindependent variable.
Income is the (Click to select)dependentindependent variable.
The relationship between education and income is (Click to select)negativepositive.
b. Consumers with higher incomes are more likely to purchase new iPhones.
Sales of the new iPhone is the (Click to select)independentdependent variable.
Consumer income is the (Click to select)dependentindependent variable.
The relationship between consumer income and sales of the iPhone is (Click to select)negativepositive.
c. As research shows, anti-smoking campaigns reduce the number of smokers in the country.
Number of anti-smoking campaigns is the (Click to select)dependentindependent variable.
Number of smokers is the (Click to select)independentdependent variable.
The relationship between anti-smoking campaigns and the number of smokers is (Click to select)positivenegative.
Answer:
a. Education is independent variable
Income is dependent variable
The relationship between education and income is positive
b. Sales of new iphone is dependent variable
Consumer Income is independent variable
The relationship between consumer income and sales of iphone is positive
c. Anti smoking campaign is independent variable
Number of smokers is dependent variable
The relationship between anti smoking campaign and number of smokers is negative.
Explanation:
Education is an independent variable as people are free to pursue higher education. Income is dependent variable. Those employees who have higher education will earn more than those with less education. The consumer income is independent variable in this case while sales of iphone is dependent variable. The sales of iphone will increase if consumer income increases.
Based on the information given, it can be seen that education is an independent variable while income is a dependent variable.
Also, the relationship between education and income is positive. The sale of new iphone is a dependent variable while consumer income is an independent variable. The relationship between consumer income and sales of iphone is positive
Lastly, the anti-smoking campaign is an independent variable while the number of smokers is a dependent variable. Also, the relationship between the anti-smoking campaign and the number of smokers is negative.
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In their evaluation of his performance as a trainer in the sales department of Pharmex, Heath's supervisors look at such factors as the as the amount of time he spends with each of his trainees, his coverage of all key points, his success rate in turning out trained salespeople within the amount of time allotted, and so forth. In other words, Heath's supervisors are evaluating his:_____.
a. responsibility.
b. job performance.
c. boosterism.
d. job commitment.
Answer: B. Job performance
Explanation:
Job performance simply means the level to which the job responsibilities of an employee is being successfully fulfilled by the person.
Since the factors being evaluated are the amount of time that the trainer spends with each of his trainees, the coverage of key points, his success rate in turning out trained salespeople within the amount of time allotted etc, then it can be infer that his job performance is being evaluated.
Barney, age 61, has taken full advantage of the tax law and fully deducted each year's contributions to his traditional IRA for the past 35 years. Barney has now begun taking distributions from his traditional IRA. What percentage of each distribution will be taxable?
a. 75%.
b. 0%.
c. 100%.
d. 50%.
Answer: c. 100%
Explanation:
When contributing to Traditional Individual Investment Accounts (IRAs), you are allowed to deduct these contributions either fully or partially from your taxable income which means that you get to pay less taxes.
When you retire however, and the retirement distributions begin to come in, those distributions will be subject to taxes because you didn't pay taxes on them when you were contributing to the IRA. If you fully deducted the contributions, that means your IRA distributions would have to be fully taxable as well.
When making business changes in the short run, management sometimes gets locked in to certain costs arising from previous decisions. This is type of cost is best known as:_______.
a. controllable.
b. differential.
c. uncontrollable.
d. sunk.
Answer: This is the type of cost known as Sunk.
sunk cost is a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered. Sunk costs are contrasted with prospective costs, which are future costs that may be avoided if action is taken.A sunk cost refers to money that has already been spent and which cannot be recovered. ... Sunk costs are excluded from future business decisions because the cost will remain the same regardless of the outcome of a decision.The sunk cost effect is manifested in a greater tendency to continue an endeavor once an investment in money, effort, or time has been made. Evidence that the psychological justification for this behavior is predicated on the desire not to appear wasteful is presented.Manufacturing overhead was estimated to be $400,000 for the year along with 20,000 direct labon hours. Actual manufacturing overhead was $415,000, actual labor hours were 21,000. To dispose of the balance in the manufacturing overhead account, which of the following would be correct?
a. Cost of Goods sold would be credited for $5,000.
b. Cost of Goods Sold would be debited for $5,000.
c. Cost of Goods Sold would be credited for $15,000.
d. Cost of Goods Sold would be debited for $15,000.
Answer:
If overhead was overapplied, then the COGS should be debited overhead.
The correct answer is B.
Explanation:
First, we need to calculate the predetermined overhead rate:
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= total estimated overhead costs for the period/ total amount of allocation base
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= 400,000 / 20,000
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= $20 per DLH
Now, we allocate overhead:
Allocated MOH= Estimated manufacturing overhead rate* Actual amount of allocation base
Allocated MOH= 20*21,000
Allocated MOH= $420,000
Finally, the over/under allocation:
Under/over applied overhead= real overhead - allocated overhead
Under/over applied overhead= 415,000 - 420,000
Overapplied overhead= $5,000
If overhead was overapplied, then the COGS should be debited overhead.
Favaz began business at the start of this year and had the following costs: variable manufacturing cost per unit, $9; fixed manufacturing costs, $60,000; variable selling and administrative costs per unit, $2; and fixed selling and administrative costs, $220,000. The company sells its units for $45 each. Additional data follow.
Planned production in units 10,000
Actual production in units 10,000
Number of units sold 8,500
There were no variances. The net income (loss) under absorption costing is:
a. (7500)
b. 9,000
c. 15,00
d. 18,000
e. Some other amount
Answer:
I think it might be b. 9,000
The present value of a perpetual tax shield increases as the firm's tax rate ________ and as the amount of the debt ________.
a. increases; increases
b. increases; decreases
c. decreases; decreases
d. decreases; increases
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The value of tax shield is simply given as corporate tax rate times the cost of debt times the market value of debt.
If the debt is constant and perpetual, the company’s tax shield depends only on the corporate tax rate and the value of debt. Then the present value of tax shield equals the discounted value of debt
sells subscriptions for for months. The company collects cash in advance and then subscribers have access to unlimited movies each month. Apply the revenue recognition principle to determine a. when should record revenue for this situation. b. the amount of revenue should record for months.
Answer:
First part of the question is:
Movies Online sells subscriptions for $36 for 18 months.
a. Apportion revenue to each month.
Going by the Revenue Recognition principle, revenue should only be recognized when the service has been delivered. Seeing as the service is monthly, the company should find out the total revenue for the 18 months and then apportion this to each of those 18 months and recognize a monthly revenue at the end of each month.
b. Amount of revenue for 8 months:
First find the revenue per month:
= Total revenue / 18 months
= 36 / 18
= $2 per month
Revenue for 8 months:
= 2 * 8
= $16
A truck acquired at a cost of $120,000 has an estimated residual value of $5,300, has an estimated useful life of 37,000 miles, and was driven 3,300 miles during the year. Determine the following. If required, round your answer for the depreciation rate to two decimal places.
a. The depreciable cost $
b. The depreciation rate $ per mile
c. The units-of-activity depreciation for the year $
Answer:
Cost of Truck = $120,000
Residual Value = $5,300
Useful Life = 37,000 miles
a. Depreciable Cost = Cost of Truck - Residual Value
Depreciable Cost = $120,000 - $5,300
Depreciable Cost = $114,700
b. Depreciation Rate = Depreciable Cost / Useful Life
Depreciation Rate = $114,700/37,000 miles
Depreciation Rate = $3.1 per mile
c. Number of miles driven during the year = 3,300
Depreciation for the Year = Depreciation Rate * Number of miles driven during the year
Depreciation for the Year = $3.1 per mile * 3,300
Depreciation for the Year = $10,230
What are derivatives? Different types of derivatives ? What are Forward contracts ?
What are Futures contracts ? Features and benefits of derivatives ?
Explanation:
The most common types of derivatives are forwards, futures, options, and swaps. The most common underlying assets include commodities, stocks, bonds, interest rates, and currencies. Derivatives allow investors to earn large returns from small movements in the underlying asset's price.
Do you think that MTV’s future lies mostly in its international operations? Explain your
、HowTotalRevenueChangesWhenPriceChanges？PleaseusetheElasticityandDemand 订curvetoexplainit.
Listed below are five technical accounting terms. Each of the following statements describes one of these technical terms. For each statement, indicate the term described.
Opportunity cost
Out-of-pocket cost
Joint products
Incremental analysis
Sunk cost
Split-off point
Relevant information
Each of the following statements may (or may not) describe one of these terms. For each statement, indicate the accounting term or terms described, or answer "none" if the statement does not correctly describe any of these terms.
a. Examination of differences between costs to be incurred and revenue to be earned under different courses of action.
b. A cost incurred in the past that cannot be changed as a result of future actions.
c. Costs and revenue that are expected to vary, depending on the course of action decided on.
d. The benefit foregone by not pursuing an alternative course of action.
e. Products made from common raw materials and shared production processes.
f. A cost yet to be incurred that will require future payment and may vary among alternative courses of action.
g. The point at which manufacturing costs are split equally between ending inventory and cost of goods sold.
Answer:
a. Incremental analysis.
b. Sunk cost.
c. Relevant information.
d. Opportunity cost.
e. Joint products.
f. Out-of-pocket cost.
g. Split-off point.
Explanation:
a. Incremental analysis: examination of differences between costs to be incurred and revenue to be earned under different courses of action.
b. Sunk cost: a cost incurred in the past that cannot be changed as a result of future actions. Sunk cost can be defined as a cost or an amount of money that has been spent on something in the past and as such cannot be recovered.
c. Relevant information: costs and revenue that are expected to vary, depending on the course of action decided on. Hence, relevant cost are relevant for decision-making purposes but not sunk costs.
d. Opportunity cost: the benefit foregone by not pursuing an alternative course of action. Opportunity cost also known as the alternative forgone, can be defined as the value, profit or benefits given up by an individual or organization in order to choose or acquire something deemed significant at the time.
e. Joint products: products made from common raw materials and shared production processes.
f. Out-of-pocket cost: a cost yet to be incurred that will require future payment and may vary among alternative courses of action.
g. Split-off point: the point at which manufacturing costs are split equally between ending inventory and cost of goods sold. Thus, it give rise to joint products that emerge from the same raw materials and a shared manufacturing process.
financial lit Banks offer other types of services such as safe deposit boxes for customers to store valuable documents. List at least two other types of non-account services that the provider makes available to customers, either for a fee or at no cost.
Answer and Explanation:
Banks offer agency services too such as being trustees, executors, or financial advisors to their customers. They can also stand as guarantee for their customers.
Banks also offer reference services. They provide information on the financial position or strength of their customers for the purpose of a customer's business dealing. This is usually done confidentially and with the permission of the customer
A corporation had the following assets and liabilities at the beginning and end of this year. Assets Liabilities Beginning of the year $124,500 $53,373 End of the year 172,000 69,660 Owner made no investments in the business, and no dividends were paid during the year. Owner made no investments in the business, but dividends were $550 cash per month. No dividends were paid during the year, but the owner did invest an additional $45,000 cash in exchange for common stock. Dividends were $550 cash per month, and the owner invested an additional $35,000 cash in exchange for common stock. Determine the net income earned or net loss incurred by the business during the year for each of the above separate cases: (Decreases in equity should be indicated with a minus sign.).
Answer:
Hence, the net income earned or net loss incurred by the business during the year $102,340.
Explanation:
Hector Company reports the following: July August September Sales $ 32,000 $ 40,000 $ 44,000 Purchases 19,520 24,400 32,000 Payments for purchases are made in the month after purchase. Selling expenses are 16% of sales, administrative expenses are 12% of sales, and both are paid in the month of sale. Rent expense of $3,300 is paid monthly. Depreciation expense is $1,600 per month. Prepare a schedule of budgeted cash payments for August and September.
Answer:
ask brainly
Explanation:
The political environment in India has proven to be critical to company performance for both PepsiCo and Coca-Cola India. What specifi c aspects of the political environment have played key roles?
Answer:
Explanation:
The political environment in India have played key role in company performance of PepsiCo and Coca-Cola India as follow:
- The Indian government viewed as unfriendly to foreign investors especially those who want to invest in other sectors apart from high tech sectors.
- Outside investment had been allowed only in high-tech sectors and was almost entirely prohibited in consumer goods sectors. The The “Principle of Indigenous Availability” (Policy banning imports being sold in India)
- Distribution Arrangements - Production plants and bottling centers were strategically placed in large cities all around India. They were more added as demand grew, along with new product lines. In Coca-Cola’s case, the JV with Parle provided access to its bottling plants and its products. By forming partnerships, both Coca-Cola and Pepsi were able to get initial access into the market.
Assume that the CAPM is a good description of stock price returns. The market expected return is 8% with 12% volatility and the risk-free rate is 3%. New news arrives that does not change any of these numbers, but it does change the expected returns of the following stocks:
Stock Expected Return Volatility Beta
Taggart Transcontinental 8% 28% 1.2
Rearden Metal 13% 40% 1.7
Wyatt Oil 7% 20% 0.8
Nielson Motors 10% 32% 1.3
The expected alpha for Taggart Transcontinental is closest to:_______
A) -3%
B) -1%
C) 1%
D) 3%
E) 0%
Answer:
b. -1%
Explanation:
Expected Alpha = E[rs] - [rf+ B(rm- rf)]. Where rf+ B(rm- rf) is the CAPM return, rf= risk free return, B = Beta of security, rm= return of market, E[rs]= Expected return of security
Expected Alpha = 8% - [3%+1.2*(8%-3%)
Expected Alpha = 8% - 9%
Expected Alpha = -1%
So, the expected alpha for Taggart Transcontinental is closest to -1%.
The Real Option Inc. is considering a new project. It believes that each year it would be able to sell 15 units at a $300,000 per-unit after-tax profit (i.e., per-unit operating cash flow) for the next five years. A $14.8 million initial investment will be required at the beginning of the project. The appropriate discount rate is 16 percent.
Required:
Calculate the base-case NPV of this project.
Answer:
NPV = $10.708 million
Explanation:
The base case NPV is that calculated by discounting the after-tax cash flow by the cost of equity based on asset beta. The base-case NPV does not consider the financing effect of the any particular finance source used to fund the project.
NPV = PV of cash inflow - Initial outlay
After-tax cash flow = 300,000×15= 4.5 million
PV of cash inflow = cash inflow × A × (1- (1+r)^(-n)/r
4.5 ×( 1- (1.16^-5)/0.16= 25.508 million
NPV = PV of cash inflow - Initial outlay
NPV = 25.508 million - 14.8 million
NPV = $10.708 million
When evaluating a chi-square test, describe the importance of the goodness of fit test. Provide an example and explain how the test is used to evaluate data. In replies to peers, provide additional examples not already discussed.
Answer:
Explanation:
Whenever you merely have one categorical variable within a single population, the goodness fit test is utilized. It's used to see if sample data matches a hypothesized or predicted distribution.
It's used to figure out how a particular phenomenon's observed value differs from the predicted value.
It can also be employed to make comparison of the observed sample to the sample distribution that should have been expected. It determines how closely the theoretical distribution corresponds to the empirical distribution.
Using this as an additional example that has not been discussed:
Consider a firm that produces a card deck. According to the company, 25% of its cards were clubs, 60% were diamonds but not hearts, and 15% were spades. We may collect a random sample of card decks and do a goodness of fit test to check if our sample distribution varied substantially from the company's reported distribution.
How does your new budget help you to meet your long-term goal of saving for college?
Answer:
make sure in the budget your savings are enough for college in the time you want
that is the expenditure must not over wegh the income...you should save as much as possible
Answer:
A budget helps create financial stability.
Explanation:
Why is budgeting crucial for college students?Budgeting assists you in achieving your academic and financial objectives.
A budget will also assist you in anticipating unforeseen costs and challenges. Budgeting necessitates difficult decision-making, but creating goals will make the process easier.
How can Budgeting helps individual?A budget aids in financial security A budget makes it simpler to pay bills on time, develop an emergency fund, and save for significant purchases like a car or home by tracking costs and sticking to a plan. A budget, in general, puts a person on a better financial footing in the short and long term.Goal of Budget-A budget is used to plan, manage, track, and improve one's financial status. In other words, a budget keeps you on track toward your long-term financial goals by allowing you to regulate your spending and consistently save and invest a percentage of your income.
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Better Corp. (BC) began operations on January 1, Year 1. During Year 1, BC experienced the following accounting events: 1. Acquired $7,000 cash from the issue of common stock. 2. Borrowed $12,000 cash from the State Bank. 3. Collected $47,000 cash as a result of providing services to customers. 4. Paid $30,000 for operating expenses. 5. Paid an $8,000 cash dividend to the stockholders. 6. Paid $20,000 cash to purchase land.Required:a. Record the events in an accounting equation like the one shown next. Record the ined Earnings column. b. As of December 31, Year 1, determine the total amount of assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity and prepare a balance sheet.
c. What is the amount of total assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity as of January 1, Year 2?
d. Assume that the land has a market value of $22,000 as of December 31, Year 1. At what amount will the land be shown on the December 31, Year 1, balance sheet? Why is this amount used in the balance sheet?
Answer:
Better Corp. (BC)
a. Accounting Equation
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
1. Cash $7,000 Common stock $7,000
2. Cash $12,000 Bank loan payable $12,000
3. Cash $47,000 Service Revenue $47,000
4. Cash ($30,000) Op. expenses ($30,000)
5. Cash ($8,000) Cash dividend ($8,000)
6. Land $20,000 Cash ($20,000)
Assets $28,000 = Liabilities $12,000 + Equity $16,000
b. Total assets = $28,000
Total liabilities = $12,000
Stockholders' equity = $16,000
Balance Sheet as of December 31, Year 1
Assets:
Cash $8,000
Land $20,000
Total assets $28,000
Liabilities:
Bank loan $12,000
Equity:
Common stock $7,000
R/Earnings 9,000
Total equity $16,000
Liabilities and
Equity $28,000
c. Total assets = $28,000
Total liabilities = $12,000
Total equity = $16,000
d. The Land will be shown on the December 31, Year balance sheet at $20,000. The reason is that this is the acquisition cost and the land is not held for trading (no information provided).
Explanation:
a) Data and Analysis based on the Accounting Equation:
1. Cash $7,000 Common stock $7,000
2. Cash $12,000 Bank loan payable $12,000
3. Cash $47,000 Service Revenue $47,000
4. Cash ($30,000) Operating expenses ($30,000)
5. Cash ($8,000) Cash dividend ($8,000)
6. Land $20,000 Cash ($20,000)