Gram Positive , Appears as purple rods. Which are in purple color and belong to phylum of bacteria know as Firmicutes.
A member of the phylum Firmicutes , Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligatory anaerobe. Both naturally occurring toxin-producing (toxicgenic) and non-toxicgenic strains can colonise their hosts, including both humans and non-human species, but only toxicgenic strains are linked to disease.
It is also possible for Clostridioidum difficile to establish itself in the human colon without causing illness. Early estimates suggested that 2-5% of adults have C. difficile, but more recent research shows that colonisation is strongly linked to a history of other diarrhea diseases, like food poisoning or laxative misuse. It would seem odd that those who have never experienced digestive issues would develop into asymptomatic carriers. These carriers are considered to be a significant source of infection.
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When cells of C. difficile are Gram-stained, they appear as Gram-positive, shown as purple rods. These are purple and belong to a strain of bacteria known as Firmicutes.
Clostridium difficile, a member of the Firmicutes phylum, is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe. Both naturally occurring toxigenic (virulent) and non-virulent strains can colonize hosts, including both human and non-human species, but only virulent strains are involved in disease.
It is possible for Clostridioidum difficile to colonize the human colon without causing disease. Initial estimates suggest that 2-5% of adults carry C. difficile, but recent studies strongly associate colonization with a history of other diarrheal diseases, such as food poisoning and laxative abuse. is shown. It seems strange that someone who has never experienced digestive problems could become an asymptomatic carrier. These carriers are considered a significant source of infection.
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5. The petroleum industry uses 1% of the available fresh water in
Alberta for oilfield injection, while farmers use 47% for irrigation. Why are many citizens opposed to the use of water by the petroleum industry but are not concerned with the use of water for irrigation?
A. The petroleum industry has lots of money.
B. Food produced by irrigation is more vital than the oil produced by the petroleum industry.
C. Water used by the petroleum industry is injected deep
underground and does not return to the hydrological cycle.
D. Farming is more important to the province than the petroleum
industry is.
Water used by the petroleum industry is injected deep underground and does not return to the hydrological cycle. The correct option is C.
Water and petroleum industriesMost of the water used in oil extraction is not returned to the hydrological cycle.
In actual fact, some percentage of the water used in extracting crude oil tends to be a source of pollutants to the freshwater reservoir in the environment.
With irrigation farming, this is not the case. Thus, many citizens will oppose the use of water by the petroleum industry but not irrigation farming.
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.
two atoms are isotopes of the element. which of the following should be the same for these two atoms?
Answer:
An isotopes are atoms located in the same spot on the periodic table. They are considered the same element, but they differ in the number neutrons in their nuclei. They have the same location on the periodic table, atomic number, number of protons, and number of electrons.
Read the scenario.
A biologist sets up an experiment to see how different antibiotics affect the growth of the bacteria Clostridium perfringens. She grows colonies of the bacteria on four different Petri dishes filled with agar, a growth medium containing nutrients for the bacteria. She then applies a different antibiotic to three of the bacteria colonies in the Petri dishes. She leaves the fourth Petri dish to grow bacteria without any antibiotic.
Each Petri dish is the same size, contains the same nutrient agar, and is placed in an incubation chamber at the same temperature. At the end of the experiment, the biologist measures the diameter of the bacteria colonies on the Petri dishes.
Question
What factors must be kept constant in the experiment to obtain valid results?
size of the Petri dish, nutrient agar, diameter of the bacteria colony
bacteria species, type of antibiotic, diameter of the bacteria colony
type of antibiotic, nutrient agar, temperature
nutrient agar, temperature, bacteria species
Factors that must be kept constant in the experiment to obtain valid results are option (c) i.e, type of antibiotic, nutrient agar, and temperature.
what are antibiotics?A particular class of antimicrobial agents that works against bacteria is an antibiotic. Antibiotic drugs are frequently employed in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections because they are the most effective type of antibacterial agent for doing so. Bacteria may be killed or have their growth suppressed.
They could harm the bacterial cell directly by attacking the cell wall. These cells can no longer do additional harm to the body since the bacteria cannot attack it. Other antibacterials, such as tetracycline and erythromycin, prevent the germs from multiplying or growing.
Antibiotics limit bacterial growth and replication by interfering with the bacterial cell wall. Because many types of bacteria have cell walls but human cells do not, antibiotics can kill bacteria while sparing human cells.
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AP Biology - If 72 out of 200 individuals....(pic is attached) - worth 25 points!
Answer:
A.) 48%
Explanation:
AA = dominant genotype
Aa = heterozygous genotype
aa = recessive genotype
Hardy-Weinberg Equations:
p² + 2pq + q² = 1 p + q = 1
In this equation, In this equation,
-----> p² = frequency of "AA" -----> p = frequency of "A"
-----> 2pq = frequency of "Aa" -----> q = frequency of "a"
-----> q² = frequency of "aa"
(Step 1)
Determine the frequency of the recessive allele ("a").
72 / 200 = 0.36 recessive phenotype
The only way to have the recessive phenotype is to have the recessive genotype, aa. Therefore, q² = 0.36.
If q² = 0.36, then q = 0.6 (take the square root).
(Step 2)
Determine the frequency of the dominant allele ("A").
p + q = 1
p + 0.6 = 1
p = 0.4
(Step 3)
Determine the frequency of the heterozygous genotype ("Aa").
If -----> p = 0.4 and q = 0.6
Then -------> 2pq = 2(0.4)(0.6) = 0.48
0.48 x 100% = 48% Aa
Other things being equal, what is a potential disadvantage of an enzyme having a very high affinity for its substrate?.
Since the ES complex would be in a "energy trough," the activation energy for the transition state would be quite high.
What is enzyme?Tight enzyme substrate binding will lower the reaction's forward rate constant.A forward reaction's activation energy will increase when an enzyme's affinity for its substrate is high.Because the enzyme-substrate complex will be located in a deep energy well, it will be more stable.In contrast to the situation where the substrate-enzyme binding is weaker, a tight binding of the substrate to the enzyme will alter the amounts of free substrate and free enzyme. This little modification won't have much of an impact on the reaction kinetics because the substrate concentration is often higher than the enzyme concentration.It is unlikely that tight binding would result in the active site being altered. Since the enzyme is significantly bigger than the substrate, it is unlikely that it will change shape.Learn more about enzyme here:
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which of the following enzymes is used to make radioactively labeled DNA?
1. Which amino acids changed between the three species? List four of them below, using the number of the amino acid.
Example: Amino acid 189 changed from valine to isoleucine in a warm adapted species.
1) _______________________________________________________________
2) _______________________________________________________________
3) _______________________________________________________________
4) _______________________________________________________________
2. What were the changes in the chemical properties of the R-groups? Use the amino-acid chart to in the Powerpoint file to answer this question.
Example: Both valine and isoleucine are nonpolar.
1) _______________________________________________________________
2) _______________________________________________________________
3) _______________________________________________________________
4) _______________________________________________________________
3. How might the changes that you identified affect the protein’s structure?
Example: The change would likely have no effect. Neither valine and isoleucine would promote hydrogen bonding with water, because their R groups are nonpolar and thus hydrophobic.
1) _______________________________________________________________
2) _______________________________________________________________
3) _______________________________________________________________
4) _______________________________________________________________
4. Assuming that the mutations are adaptive, how should the changes that you identified affect the stability of the protein at low and high temperatures?
The amino acids that changed between the three species are;
The changes in the chemical properties of the R-groups are given as:
Both valine and isoleucine are nonpolar.Both glycine and alanine are nonpolar.Glutamine is an uncharged polar group and Lysine is a charged polar group.Both glutamic acid and aspartic acid are charged polar group.How might the changes that you identified affect the protein’s structure?In scenario 1 and 2, the modifications would have zero effect.
In scenario 3, the polar groups are detected on the surface of the protein, thus, it is correct to state that both glutamine and lysine are polar and the modifications will have zero effect.
With regards to scenario 4, the change will have no impact, given that both glutamic acid and aspartic acids are R groups that are negatively charged.
Assuming that the mutations are adaptive, how should the changes that you identified affect the stability of the protein at low and high temperatures?These mutations are critical for protein's three-dimensional structure stability.
For example, due to the proteins from thermophilic creatures, they are able to live at high temperatures and survive at low temperatures.
This is because they frequently have a large network of salt bridges on their protein surface, which offers thermo-stability to these proteins and prevents denaturation owing to the high temperatures in the environment.
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What is/are the main purpose(s) of mitosis? (select all that apply)
Control metabolism
Synthesize energy
Generate genetic diversity
Organism growth
Tissue repair and maintenance
Create gametes
Answer:
Synthesize energy
Tissue repair and maintenance
Explanation:
Mitosis is a stage in the cell cycle where the produced DNA is separated and two new cells are generated with the equal number of DNA and type of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
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Answer: The main purposes of mitosis are Organism growth and tissue repair and maintenance.
Explanation: MITOSIS is the step of cell division in cell cycle. Cell cycle contains G1 S G2 and M phase. During mitosis a cell replicates its chromosome and segregates them to produce two identical daughter nuclei, which after undergoing cytokinesis produces two identical daughter cells. mitosis is often called as equational division.
Mitosis do not control metabolism nor it synthesize energy.
MITOSIS produces two identical daughter cells which are identical to their parents, so it cannot cause genetic diversity.
mitosis helps organism to grow in size and tissue repair and maintenance by producing new cells identical to each other.
gametes are not produced by mitosis they are produced by meiosis that is reductional division.
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Write a description of the chromosomes within the cells of a diploid plant with 8 chromosomes per diploid cell at the end of each phase of meiosis by filling out the table below. Recognize that cytokinesis is completed by the end of telophase and that two cells will be present for every cell that enters telophase.
A cell with 8 chromosomes will enter cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells with 8 chromosomes each, and before that, it will be one single cell with 16 chromosomes in telophase.
What is cytokinesis?Cytokinesis is the process of division of cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells during mitosis or meiosis.
A diploid cell in telophase has two complete pair sets of homologous chromosomes that separate during this phase.
In conclusion, this cell enters cytokinesis to produce two cells having 8 chromosomes each, and before that it is one cell with 16 chromosomes.
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During an allergic response to a bee sting or pollen, which of the following hormone is often released?
a) PTH
b) prostlagin
c) GH
d) thyroxine
When a person has been stung by a bee, the body releases the hormone prostaglandin into the body. Option B
What is a bee sting?A bee sting is that painful feeling that occurs when you have an encounter with a bee. This is the result of the release of a chemical called melittin by the bee into your body.
When a person has been stung by a bee, the body releases the hormone prostaglandin into the body.
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What term generally describes small chunks of rocks and debris in space?
• meteorites
• meteoroids
• meteors
meteorides
Answer:
meteorite
Explanation:
When it is in space it is called a meteorite, when coming into the atmosphere it is a meteor, and when it hits earth it is a meteoroid.
which cycle is represented in this image?
A. Carbon cycle
B. Water cycle
C. Nitrogen cycle
D. Oxygen cycle
Carbon cycle is represented in this image.
What is carbon cycle?The carbon cycle is nature's method of recycling carbon atoms, which repeatedly go from the atmosphere into Earth's living things and back into it. The majority of carbon is kept in rocks and sediments.The remainder is kept in the ocean, atmosphere, and living things.The process through which carbon moves between the atmosphere, land, oceans, and subsurface sediments is known as the carbon cycle.Respiration, combustion, decomposition, and photosynthesis. Carbon enters plants and other living things through the atmosphere.The biogeochemical cycle known as the carbon cycle involves the exchange of different carbon compounds between the biosphere, geosphere, pedosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere, among other layers of the earth.Learn more about carbon cycle here:
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1) Research biotechnology that currently exists describing the engineering design that made it possible.
2) Evaluate the design listed in problem 1 paying particular attention to benefits and risks.
The field of biotechnology combines biological and technological ideas. The main advantage that biotechnology can offer is advancement in engineering.
Benefits of biotechnology include the ability to simultaneously increase health and decrease hunger. It makes the food chain more flexible. It provides chances for medicinal advancement. We can conserve resources because of it. It assists us in reducing or eliminating waste. It may lower the prevalence of infectious diseases. Among biotechnology's drawbacks, this area of study has a lot of unanswered questions. It results in an all-or-nothing strategy. Croplands could be destroyed. It makes the value of human life a commodity. It is capable of being destroyed.
All the advantages that biotechnology can offer could be utilized to create a weapon of mass devastation. Unchecked biotechnology might potentially give rise to a social stratum that exists solely for scientific purposes.
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While sitting on a picnic blanket at the park, Sami didn't notice ants swarming around her feet and repeatedly biting her. She became very itchy and uncomfortable. Now each time she goes to the park for a picnic, she becomes itchy and uncomfortable. What is feeling itchy and uncomfortable just by going to the park in this scenario?
Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
Answer:
C: Conditioned stimulus
Explanation:
Ur welcome
Brainliest please
A conditioned stimulus is an external stimulus that eventually results in an external response. In the experiment described, the conditioned stimulus was the ringing of the bell, and the conditioned response was salivation.
What are the different role of Conditioned stimulus?The conditioned stimulus (CS), in the language of the classical conditioning paradigm, is a learnt stimulus that may eventually cause a conditioned response.
For instance, in Pavlov's experiment, the sound of a bell serves as the conditioned stimulus, while the salivating of the dog serves as the conditioned response.
A substitute stimulus known as a conditioned stimulus causes an organism to react in the same way that an unconditioned stimulus does.
Therefore, Simply explained, a conditioned stimulus is something that an organism responds to because it is connected to another event.
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Explain the disadvantages and advantages of each type of cell division
The answers include the following:
The advantages of meiosis include genetic variation while the disadvantage is it requiring two gametes.The advantages of mitosis include repair of tissues due to same genetic content while the disadvantage is little or no genetic variation.What is Cell division?This process involves the division of parent cells into two or more daughter cells and comprises of meiosis and mitosis.
Meiosis produces four daughter cells while mitosis produces two daughter cells.
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If you added 1 ml of an aqueous solution of NaCl at 0.4mol/l to 9ml of water what would be the final concentration of NaCl in the solution?
The final concentration of NaCl will be 0.04 mol/L.
Dilution principleThe dilution principle states that the number of moles of solute in a diluted solution remains the same as before dilution.
Mathematically, m1v1=m2v2
In this case, m1 = 0.4 mol/L, v1 = 1 mL, v2 = 1+9 = 10 mL
m2 = m1v1/v2 = 0.4 x 1/10 = 0.04 mol/L
Thus, the final concentration of the NaCl solution will be 0.04 mol/L.
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how does the temperature of water change if you heat it after it has already reached the boiling point?
2 points
Name all of the possible human blood types using both the ABO and Rh blood groups together.
How can the detergents we use cause pollution?
A. When we wash clothes, the chemicals in detergent can evaporate and pollute the air.
B. The chemicals can stay in our clothes and then get into the environment when we are outside.
C. The phosphates from detergent that end up in the water supply cause less oxygen to be present.
D. Salts in the detergents can absorb into the ground when clothes are thrown out.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
water can and will most likely be recycled
Help me on this please
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Is a process by by which two or more different strains combine to form a new subtype.
DESCRIBE the importance of microorganisms (including
bacteria) and what would happen if all microorganisms would suddenly disappear from the pond?
Answer:
corals which depend on microscopic agale and a surprisingly diverse collection of bacteria would become week and vulnerable. there mighty reefs would Bleach and edore and all life they support with suffer humans oddly would be fine
PLS HELP WILL GIVE 50 PONITS+ MARK BRAINLYEST IF DO What has developed as a result of population growth around Cape Canaveral due to the space program?
Fewer stop lights
New homes
More orange groves
Outbreak of disease
SUBJECT: sciences
New homes has developed as a result of population growth around Cape Canaveral due to the space program.
What is population growth?The rise in the number of people on Earth is referred to as population growth. The majority of human history saw a relatively steady population size. Energy, food, water, and medical care, however, became more accessible and dependable as a result of innovation and industrialization.The average human lifetime has gradually increased since 1950 as a result of significant breakthroughs in public health, nutrition, personal hygiene, and medicine, which has resulted in an unprecedented rise in global population.The population is one of the crucial elements that balances the ecosystem.It should be in harmony with available resources and methods.A balanced population will make it easier to meet all of the needs and demands of the populace, helping to protect the nation's environment.Learn more about population growth here:
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What is TRUE about the North and South Poles? Select all that apply.
The poles experience all four seasons.
The poles never get any direct sunlight.
The poles have daily equal amounts of sunlight and darkness.
They both get the same amount of sunlight.
The poles never get any direct sunlight.
They both get the same amount of sunlight.
Because they receive no direct sunshine, the Arctic (North Pole) and Antarctic (South Pole) are both chilly. Even at the height of summer, the Sun is low on the horizon. The Sun doesn't rise at all for several months during the winter since it is so deep below the horizon hence poles don't have equal amounts of sunlight and darkness.The poles receive less energy and heat from the sun because of the tilt of the earth and its orbit around the sun. There are just two polar seasons as a result: summer and winter.The tilt of the Earth's axis causes the Poles to experience around six months of day and six months of night. Due to this tilt, each Pole spends roughly six months angled both toward and away from the Sun. The North Pole experiences six months of nonstop daylight when it is inclined toward the Sun.In the winter, the Sun sets for extended periods of time since it is so deep below the horizon. Therefore, the days are chilly and dark, much like the nights. The South Pole and North Pole receive the same amount of sunshine despite being "polar opposites."learn more about poles here: https://brainly.com/question/1776073
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Answer:
B - The poles never get any direct sunlight. D - They both get the same amount of sunlight.
Explanation:
Hope this helps
The 1918 influenza pandemic was one of the most severe pandemics in history. Although there is not universal consensus regarding where the virus originated (the current theory is a bird species), it spread worldwide during 1918-1919. Which modern strategy could have assisted with the treatment of this communicable disease?
Quarantine is the modern strategy which could have assisted with the treatment of this communicable disease.
What is Quarantine?This refers to the process in which animals, people etc are restricted from movement to other areas.
This strategy helps to tackle the spread of diseases to other parts of the world. This strategy wasn't employed which was why millions of birds were affected worldwide.
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An increase in temperature has virtually no effect on the overall rate of photosynthesis within the...
An increase in temperature has virtually no effect on the overall rate of photosynthesis within the leaves of plants.
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which green manufacture sugars from atmospheric carbon dioxide and water using the energy of sunlight.
Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves of green plants.
Enzymes are involved in the reactions of photosynthesis and these enzymes are affected by temperature.
Temperatures below or above the optimum temperature will reduce rate of photosynthesis.
In conclusion, photosynthesis occurs in the leaves of plants and is catalyzed by enzymes.
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A pea plant purebred to produce round yellow peas is crossed with a plant purebred to produce wrinkled green peas. Round pea shape is dominant to wrinkled, and yellow pea color is dominant to green. Members of the resulting F1 generation are then crossed to produce an F2 generation, as shown in the figure. On average, what fraction of the F2 generation will display both dominant traits?
(ANSWER ONLY IF YOU ARE SURE PLEASE NO GUESSING THANK YOU)
A)
4 out of 16 plants will display both dominant traits.
B)
9 out of 16 plants will display both dominant traits.
C)
16 out of 16 plants will display both dominant traits.
D)
12 out of 16 plants will display both dominant traits.
The fraction of the F2 generation that will display dominant traits will be 9/16. The correct option is B.
Dihybrid crossLet us assume that pea shape is represented by A (a) while color is represented by B(b).
Purebred round yellow peas = AABB
Purebred wrinkled green peas = aabb
F1: AABB x aabb
all AaBb
F2: AaBb x AaBb
A_B_ = 9/16
A_bb = 3/16
aaB_ = 3/16
aabb = 1/16
Thus, the fraction of the F2 offspring with both dominant traits. A_B_, is 9/16.
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There are a number of substances that the cell can use for energy in addition to carbohydrates. Proteins can be hydrolyzed to (1) ____________________ and then have the nitrogen group removed in a process called ____________________. Depending on the type of molecule in the (1) they will feed into either the end of glycolysis as ____________________ or feed into the ____________________. Lipids and fats are broken down into (2) ____________________. The b-oxidation of the molecules in (2) ultimately produces ____________________, which then enters at the beginning of ____________________ whose ultimate metabolic waste products are ______________________________ and ______________________________.
From the protein hydrolysis cycle, the missing words are;
Amino AcidDeaminationNon-essential Amino AcidsFree fatty acids and monoglyceridesacetyl-CoA moleculesFADH2, NADH and water.What is protein hydrolysis?
Protein hydrolysis is a complicated process that comprises a series of enzymatic processes, each with a unique kinetic response for numerous substrates.
Two enzymes that aid the digestion of protein in the body are;
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Why do you think it is beneficial for a pathogen to make its host very sick without killing the host?
It is beneficial for a pathogen to make its host very sick without killing the host simply because it can always continue to take over the hosts body.
What are pathogens?Pathogens are microscropic organisms which causes diseases to plants and animals
Some few group of pathogenic organisms which are highly infectious are:
BacteriaVirusFungiSo therefore, it is beneficial for a pathogen to make its host very sick without killing the host simply because it can always continue to take over the hosts body.
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The liquid portion of the blood that consists of about 55% of the total volume of blood is referred to as ________.
stem cells
leukocytes
plasma
platelets
20 POINTS - AP Biology - Sexually reproducing organisms have diverse offspring but use large quantities of time and resources in the process....