for each part below, determine which highlighted element forms a monatomic ion by losing electons from or adding electrons to the below-mentioned orbitals.

The pH strip is used to test the pH of a solution. The pH of water is neutral which is around 7.

The pH is known as the power of hydrogen. The pH is used to measure the  degree of basicity and acidity of a solution. The amount of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution determines the pH of the solution.  Mathematically, pH is given by the formula:

pH -= -log [H⁺]

The pH strip is a strip of litmus paper with which a person can measure the pH value of a liquid solution. The substance in the pH paper causes the paper to show a different color at different acidity values.

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A gas is compressible and assumes the volume and shape of its container whereas a liquid is not compressible and assumes the shape of a portion of its container.

What is compression?

The process of compression involves gradually reducing the system's volume while increasing pressure and temperature, with or without the possibility of heat transfer. Heat transmission may or may not be achieved during the expansion phase since volume steadily decreases as pressure and temperature fall.

The act, process, or outcome of compressing; the condition of being compressed. Compressing an internal combustion engine's fuel mixture is one example of compressing.

With each advance and retreat of the piston, a four-part cycle of compression takes place inside the cylinder (two strokes per cycle). Compression, discharge, expansion, and intake comprise the cycle's four functional components.

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(i) Cyclohexane acts as a good solvent at a temperature of T = 80 °C because it is above the θ-temperature of 34.5 °C.(ii) The value of T above which the system is athermal is the θ-temperature, which is 34.5 °C for polystyrene in cyclohexane.

i) In a good solvent, the polymer coils expand and the polymer-solvent interactions are stronger than the polymer-polymer interactions.

Therefore, Cyclohexane acts as a good solvent at a temperature of T = 80 °C because it is above the θ-temperature of 34.5 °C.

This can be mathematically justified by the Flory-Huggins equation: χ = (V1/RT)(ΔH - TΔS)

where χ is the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, V1 is the molar volume of the solvent, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, ΔH is the enthalpy of mixing, and ΔS is the entropy of mixing.

At temperatures above the θ-temperature, χ is negative, indicating that the polymer-solvent interactions are stronger than the polymer-polymer interactions and the solvent is a good solvent.

(ii) The value of T above which the system is athermal is the θ-temperature, which is 34.5 °C for polystyrene in cyclohexane.

Above this temperature, the polymer-solvent interactions are stronger than the polymer-polymer interactions and the solvent is a good solvent.

The boiling point of cyclohexane is 80.7 °C, so this temperature is accessible under standard conditions (P=1 atm).

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The statement "A represents London dispersion forces, which are weaker than the force represented by B" correctly identifies the intermolecular force represented by A and compares its strength relative to the intermolecular force represented by B.

If we assume that B refers to a general intermolecular force, such as dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding, then London dispersion forces can be stronger under certain conditions.

This is because London dispersion forces can be significant even between nonpolar molecules, whereas other intermolecular forces are typically only significant between polar molecules. Additionally, the strength of London dispersion forces generally increases with the size of the molecules involved, which can make them relatively stronger in larger, nonpolar molecules compared to other types of intermolecular forces.

In summary, the strength of intermolecular forces depends on a variety of factors, including the nature of the molecules involved, their polarity, and their size. While it's not always the case, London dispersion forces can be stronger than other types of intermolecular forces under certain conditions.

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The molecules that would have the intermolecular forces be influenced mainly by the hydrogen bonding is C₂H₅OH , CH₃NH₂.

The Hydrogen bonding is the special type of the dipole-dipole attraction between the molecules, but not the covalent bond to the hydrogen atom. It will results from the attractive force in between the hydrogen atom that are covalently bonded to the more electronegative atom such as the N, O, or F atom and the another very electronegative atom. The hydrogen bonding, is the interaction that involves a hydrogen atom that is  located in between a pair of the other atoms having the high affinity for the electrons

Thus, C₂H₅OH , CH₃NH₂  both molecules influenced by  the hydrogen bonding.

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Answer:

24.2 cm3 of CO2 will be produced.

Explanation:

This equation is balanced, meaning that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. To determine the volume of the product, CO2, formed from a reaction of 50 cm3 of CO and 30 cm3 of O2, we need to consider the stoichiometry of the reaction, which states the relative proportions of the reactants and products.

The balanced equation is:

2CO + O2 -> 2CO2

This means that 2 moles of CO react with 1 mole of O2 to produce 2 moles of CO2. To determine the volume of the CO2 produced, we need to know the number of moles of CO and O2.

Assuming that the volumes of CO and O2 are measured at the same temperature and pressure, we can use the ideal gas law to convert the volumes to moles:

n = PV/RT

where n is the number of moles, P is the pressure, V is the volume, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.

Let's use 50 cm3 of CO as an example:

n = (1 atm)(50 cm3) / (0.08206 L * atm / mol * K)(298 K) = 0.11 moles of CO

Similarly, we can calculate the number of moles of O2:

n = (1 atm)(30 cm3) / (0.08206 L * atm / mol * K)(298 K) = 0.06 moles of O2

Since the balanced equation states that 2 moles of CO react with 1 mole of O2, we can use the smaller number of moles, 0.06 moles of O2, to calculate the number of moles of CO2 produced:

0.06 moles of O2 * 2 moles of CO2 / 1 mole of O2 = 0.12 moles of CO2

Finally, we can convert the number of moles of CO2 to a volume using the ideal gas law:

V = nRT/P = (0.12 moles)(0.08206 L * atm / mol * K)(298 K) / (1 atm) = 24.2 cm3

So, if 50 cm3 of CO and 30 cm3 of O2 react, 24.2 cm3 of CO2 will be produced.

There are approximately 0.3392 grams of oxygen and 0.00088 grams of carbon dioxide in a single breath of fresh air.

What is Concentration?

In chemistry, concentration refers to the amount of a substance (solute) that is present in a given volume or mass of another substance (solvent). It is a measure of how much of a particular substance is present in a mixture, solution, or sample.

The concentration of gases in fresh air is approximately 21% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and 1-2% water vapor.

To calculate the number of moles of oxygen and carbon dioxide in a breath of fresh air, we need to use the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure of the gas, V is its volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

Let's assume that the volume of a single breath of fresh air is 0.5 L at room temperature (25°C or 298 K) and atmospheric pressure (1 atm). We can then use the ideal gas law to calculate the number of moles of oxygen and carbon dioxide:

For oxygen:

PV = nRT

n = PV/RT = (1 atm)(0.21)(0.5 L)/(0.08206 L·atm/mol·K)(298 K) = 0.0106 mol

For carbon dioxide:

PV = nRT

n = PV/RT = (1 atm)(0.0004)(0.5 L)/(0.08206 L·atm/mol·K)(298 K) = 0.00002 mol

So there are approximately 0.0106 moles of oxygen and 0.00002 moles of carbon dioxide in a single breath of fresh air.

To calculate the mass of each gas, we can use the molar mass of each gas:

Using the number of moles we calculated above, we can calculate the mass of each gas:

Mass of oxygen = number of moles x molar mass = 0.0106 mol x 32 g/mol = 0.3392 g

Mass of carbon dioxide = number of moles x molar mass = 0.00002 mol x 44 g/mol = 0.00088 g

So there are approximately 0.3392 grams of oxygen and 0.00088 grams of carbon dioxide in a single breath of fresh air.

It's worth noting that the concentration of gases in exhaled air can vary depending on a number of factors, including the individual's health status, activity level, and surrounding environment.

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The correct free body diagram for the hockey puck would show all three of these forces acting on it. The diagram would show Fg pointing downward, FN pointing upward, and Ft pointing backward opposite to the direction of the puck's motion.

The free body diagram of the hockey puck sliding along an ice surface shortly after it has left the hockey stick would have the following forces acting on it:

The force of gravity (Fg) pulling the puck downward toward the Earth. The normal force (FN) exerted by the ice surface upward on the puck to prevent it from falling through the ice. The force of friction (Ft) exerted by the ice surface on the puck in the direction opposite to its motion.

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Answer:

There are many statements that can be made about cells and sugar, but here are three possible options with one true statement:

All cells require sugar to function properly.

Sugar is harmful to cells and should be avoided.

Cells can store excess sugar as fat.

Explanation:

The true statement is: "All cells require sugar to function properly."

The molarity is 0.67 M

Molarity is a measure of concentration used in chemistry. It is defined as the number of moles of a solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The unit of molarity is moles per liter (mol/L) or sometimes expressed as M.

Molarity is a useful way to express the concentration of a solution because it is easy to measure the volume of a solution and the amount of solute dissolved in it.

Using the dilution formula;

C1V1= C2V2

C2 = C1V1/V2

=  1.75M * 25.0 mL/65.0 mL

= 0.67 M

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The medium (material) with the fastest electromagnetic wave speed, material 1, with a speed of 3.0 108 m/s, would be the one that is most likely a solid.

A P wave. The P wave, or main wave, is the initial type of body wave. It is the type of seismic wave that travels the fastest and arrives first at a seismic station.

Some photons are absorbed by the atoms in some materials, including metal, preventing light from passing through. These substances are translucent. In different materials, like glass, the Since atoms are unable to absorb photons, light travels through them. These substances are translucent.

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If dissociation of mgcl2 in water were 100%, the van`t hoff factor would be 3 (three); however, for real solutions the van`t hoff factor for mgcl2 is (greater than, less than) this value.

MgCl2 dissociates into three ions when it dissolves in water, giving it a theoretical van't Hoff factor of 3. The van't Hoff factor for MgCl2 is normally tested at a value of no more than 2.7.

The van't hoff factor for magnesium chloride is 3. The letter I stands for the Van't Hoff factor. One magnesium cation and two chloride ions make up the last three ions formed when magnesium chloride separates. Consequently, the magnesium chloride van't hoff factor is equal to 3.

A solute's impact on associated properties, such as osmotic pressure, relative vapor pressure reduction, boiling-point elevation, and freezing-point depression, is measured by the van 't Hoff factor i.

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According to the forces of attraction , decreasing agitation will decrease the rate of dissolution of a gas in a liquid.

Forces of attraction  is a force by which atoms in a molecule  combine. it is basically an attractive force in nature.  It can act between an ion  and an atom as well.It varies for different  states  of matter that is solids, liquids and gases.

The forces of attraction are maximum in solids as  the molecules present in solid are tightly held while it is minimum in gases  as the molecules are far apart . The forces of attraction in liquids is intermediate of solids and gases.

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For ionic compounds, assume complete dissociation into cations and anions. CsCI,C10Hg,Na3PO4, are mentioned below.

What is compounds ?

A compound combines one or more additional substances to form a new product. The combination of two substances or elements is equal to the mass ratio for making that product. It is attached firmly, and they have equal in all ways to form a combination. The elements both are bonded together. Each compound has its chemical structure; if it breaks, it can either split into two atoms or molecules or in a single. Different types of compounds are present.

What is ionic compound ?

An ion with a positive charge is a cation, whereas one with a negative charge is an anion.

It is equal to the numbers of ions that form when an ionic compound dissolves.

if i>1, the molecules are said to be dissociated.

if i=1, the molecules have neither associated nor dissociated.

if i<1, the molecules have associated.

CsCl

vant hoff factor i= 2

C₁₀H₈

vant hoff factor i= 1

Na₃Po₄

vant hoff factor i= 3+1= 4.

Therefore, For ionic compounds, assume complete dissociation into cations and anions. CsCI,C10Hg,Na3PO4, are mentioned above.

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The negative electrons are in the outermost orbits and are involved in chemical reactions. they determine the chemical of an atom. (FALSE)

It should be valence electrons.

In predicting a chemical reaction that will occur, it is necessary to take into account the number of electrons contained in an atom. In addition, valence electrons play a role in chemical bond formation reactions. Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in atoms which have the highest energy level and are involved in chemical bonds. Valence electrons are located farther from the nucleus of the atom, so that the electrons of one atom can be attracted more or less by the nucleus than the nuclei of other atoms.

An atom tends to be unreactive or stable (inert) so it is difficult to interact with other types of atoms when the valence electrons are fully filled, which resembles s2p6. Meanwhile, an atom tends to be reactive if there is an excess of one or two atoms resembling groups IA, IIA, and IIIA. However, there are also atoms that lack a few electrons, which are called more reactive, such as groups XVIA and XVIIA.

Petrucci R.H., Harwood W.S. and Herring F.G. in General Chemistry in 2002 states that:

" In the main group elements, valence electrons are defined as the electrons in the electron shell with the highest principal quantum number, n."

The number of valence electrons an atom has depends on its electron configuration.

Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was:

Determine True/False! the negative electrons are in the outermost orbits and are involved in chemical reactions. they determine the chemical of an atom.

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-Expand the volume of the gas while keeping moles of gas and temperature constant.

-Decrease the temperature of the gas while keeping volume and moles of gas constant.

When the volume of a gas increases, the pressure decreases, as long as the temperature remains constant. This is known as Boyle's law. Therefore, one way to decrease gas pressure is to increase the volume of the container that holds the gas.

As the temperature of a gas decreases, its pressure also decreases, as long as the volume remains constant. This is known as Charles's law. Therefore, one way to decrease gas pressure is to cool the gas down.

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The principal quantum number refers to the size and energy level of the outer orbital. The principal quantum number for Li is 2, whereas the principal quantum number for Fr is 7. The correct answer is D.

The principal quantum number (n) is a quantum number that describes the energy level of an electron in an atom. It also indicates the size of the electron cloud around the nucleus. The higher the value of n, the higher the energy level and the larger the electron cloud.

The atomic number of Li (Lithium) is 3, which means that it has 3 protons and 3 electrons in its neutral state. The electron configuration of Li is 1s2 2s1. The outermost electron in Li is located in the n=2 energy level.

Therefore, the principal quantum number for Lithium is 2.

The atomic number of Fr (Francium) is 87, which means that it has 87 protons and 87 electrons in its neutral state. The electron configuration of Fr is [Rn] 7s1. The outermost electron in Fr is located in the n=7 energy level.

Therefore, the principal quantum number for Francium is 7.

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To find the density of the polystyrene block, you will need to follow the steps outlined in the question.

1. Click "Reset" to ensure that the material investigation tray is empty and ready to use.
2. Drag the whole (uncut) block of polystyrene onto the material investigation tray.
3. Record the mass of the polystyrene block. This can typically be found using a scale or balance.
4. Record the volume of the polystyrene block. This can be found by measuring the length, width, and height of the block and multiplying them together.
5. Calculate the density of the polystyrene block by dividing the mass by the volume.

The formula for density is:

Density = Mass/Volume

By following these steps, you will be able to find the density of the polystyrene block. Remember to be accurate in your measurements and calculations to ensure that your results are correct.

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Volume in liters of 0.143 manganese (II) sulfate that contains 73.0g of solute is 3.35L. Volume is a three-dimensional spatial measurement.

Volume is a three-dimensional spatial measurement. It is frequently mathematically quantified using SI generated units (such as the cubic metre and litre) as well as different imperial either Us or customary equivalents (such as the gallon, quart, cubic inch). Volume is connected to the notion of length (cubed).

number of moles = 73.0g/ 151=0.48mol

molarity = number of mole/ volume of solution in litre

0.143=0.48/volume of solution in litre

volume of solution in litre=0.48/ 0.143=3.35L

Therefore, 3.35L is the volume of the solution.

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When a resistor of resistance R is connected to a battery of emf & and negligible internal resistance, the power dissipated in the resistor is P. If the resistor is replaced with a resistor of resistance 2R, without changing the battery, the power dissipated will be 4P. Therefore, option D is correct.

The amount by which an object impedes or resists an electric current is referred to as resistance. The flow of electrons is referred to as electric current. Consider an example of a person struggling to move from one shop to another in a crowded market.

When a resistor R is connected to a battery of emf Volt, the energy dissipated in the resistor is P = R V² because the battery is not changed, so energy is directly proportional to resistance. As a result of this relationship, we can conclude that decreasing R causes an increase in P.

Thus, option D is correct.

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The main purpose of the paragraph is to D. To provide information about the author Ernest Cline

The goal or objective of a writer is their motivation for writing. An author may want to parody a condition, persuade the reader, inform the reader, or amuse the reader.

The primary motivation for an author's writing is that author's purpose. The three main goals are to entertain, convince, and inform. You can determine an author's purpose by using the straightforward technique shown below.

In this case, information was provided about the character.

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What is the main purpose of this

paragraph?

A. To teach a moral though metaphor

B. To persuade by sharing a perspective about a subject

C. To entertain the audience

D. To provide information about the author Ernest Cline

Yes, hydrogen found in a natural abundance, hydrogen is easily the most abundant element in the universe.

Hydrogen the most abundant in nature because hydrogen is the simplest element in the universe, with only one proton and one electron ,it is the only element without a neutron.

The element hydrogen is by far the most abundant in the universe. It can be found in the sun and most stars, and the planet Jupiter is mostly made up of hydrogen. Water is the most abundant form of hydrogen on Earth.

Thus, hydrogen found in a natural abundance.

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KCl would be considered to be supersaturated if 40g of solute were dissolved at 60ºC.

Option A is correct.

A supersaturated solution is described as a solution that contains more than the average solvent that can be dissolved at a given temperature

​ At 60ºC, the solubility of KCl is about 42g/100mL of water. Therefore, since we have 40g of KCl that were dissolved in less than 100mL of water, the solution would be supersaturated.

In conclusion, supersaturation occurs with a solution when the concentration of a solute exceeds the concentration specified by the value of solubility at equilibrium.

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The arrow pushing mechanisms shows the steps in the reaction.

The question is incomplete but I can see that you want to know something about a reaction that uses an arrow pushing mechanisms to show the steps in the reaction.

Arrow pushing mechanisms are graphical representations used in organic chemistry to show the flow of electrons in a reaction. The arrow symbol is used to represent the movement of electrons from one molecule to another. This makes it easier for chemists to understand and predict the outcome of a reaction by showing the transfer of electrons between reactants and products.

The arrow pushing mechanism provides a step-by-step description of the reaction, starting from the reactants and showing the intermediate stages before reaching the final product. This makes it easier to identify and understand the individual steps involved in a reaction and how they are connected.

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Number of moles = 0.0250839 mol (rounded to 7 significant figures) of compound X in 25.1085 g, we need to divide the given mass by the molar mass of X.

Using the given molar mass, we have calculated the number of moles of X in 25.1085 g to be 0.0250839 mol. We should round this value to the appropriate number of significant figures based on the given data. Since the mass is given to 7 significant figures.

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, usually expressed in units of grams per mole (g/mol). It is calculated by adding up the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule.

The molar mass of an element is equal to its atomic mass in grams per mole. For example, the molar mass of carbon is 12.01 g/mol, which is the atomic mass of carbon rounded to two decimal places.

Number of moles = Mass ÷ Molar mass

Number of moles = 25.1085 g ÷ 1000.7 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.0250839 mol

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The reaction here is a beta decay and the missing component is 137/56 Ba

Beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an unstable atomic nucleus releases a beta particle, which is an electron or a positron, in order to become more stable.

Beta decay occurs when the neutron-to-proton ratio in the nucleus is too high, and the nucleus transforms into a more stable configuration by releasing a beta particle.

Thus the beta decay would give a daughter nuclei that has the mass number greater than that of the parent by one unit.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

solution contains 3.5 moles CaCl2/L solution . We need to convert moles CaCl2 to grams.

Hope this helps :)

Balance the half-reactions to guarantee that the number of electrons transferred in both reactions is the same:

NO3- + 8H+ + 10e- N2 + 4H2O H2 2H+ + 2e- NO3- + 8H+ + 10e-

The next step is to figure out how many electrons are moved when 145 molecules of H2 are oxidized. We can see from the balanced equation for the H2 half-reaction that 1 molecule of H2 makes 2 electrons:

2H+ + 2e- → H2

As a result, 145 molecules of H2 will yield:

145 molecular units H2 has two protons per molecule. 290 electrons Equals H2

Finally, we can use the denitrification reaction balanced equation to calculate how many molecules of N2 are created for 290 electrons:

1 molecule of N2 is produced by 10 electrons.

Therefore, 1 molecule N2 290 electrons/10 electrons = 29 molecules N2

29 molecules of N2 gas will be created.

To answer the second query, we must balance the half-reactions:

SO42- + 8H+ + 8e- H2S + 4H2O CO2 + 8H+ + 8e- CH3COO- + 2H2O SO42- + 8H+ + 8e- H2S + 4H2O

The balanced formulae show that 8 electrons are transferred in both half-reactions. As a result, in order to oxidize 48 molecules of CH3COO-, 6 molecules of SO42- must be reduced:

There are 48 nuclei CH3COO- 8 electrons per atom 384 protons = CH3CO-

384 electrons (eight electrons per atom) 48 units of SO42- SO42-

As a result, 48 molecules of CH3COO- reduced to CO2 will yield:

six electrons 4 H2O/molecule SO42- 24 units of SO42- H2O

The answer is that 24 molecules of water will be created.

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Using phenolphthalein instead of bromocresol green for standardizing HCl would likely give a different endpoint and thus a different titration result.

This refers to the  the process of getting the exact concentration (molarity) of a solution. Titration is one type of analytical methods often used in standardization. During a titration, an exact volume of one substance is reacted with a known amount of another substance.

Phenolphthalein has a different pH range for its color change (8.2-10.0) compared to bromocresol green (3.8-5.4), which could lead to different titration endpoints and result in an inaccurate determination of the concentration of HCl. Therefore, it is important to use the indicator specified in the experimental protocol to ensure accurate and precise results.

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The feet is a standard unit of measurement. It is mainly used to measure the length of a particular object. Here 12 mi is 63,360 feet. The correct option is B.

The unit of measurement which is generally used to measure height, length and distance is defined as the feet. The foot is the singular form of feet. It is a non-metric measure unlike meters and centimeters which are metric.

Here 1 mi = 5280 ft

Then,

12 mi = 12 ×  5280

= 63,360 feet

Thus the correct option is B.

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