The physiological delta G of the isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction at 25 degree C and pH 7.0 is -48.1 kJ/mol.
The physiological delta G of a reaction can be calculated using the following equation;
ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln(Q)
where ΔG° is the standard free energy change, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and Q is the reaction quotient.
First, let's calculate Q for the isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction:
isocitrate + NAD⁺ + H₂O -> alpha-ketoglutarate + NADH + CO₂
Q = ([alpha-ketoglutarate][NADH][CO₂])/([isocitrate][NAD⁺][H₂O])
Substituting the given concentrations, we get;
Q = ([0.1 mM][8][1])/([0.02 mM][1][1]) = 40
Next, we can calculate ΔG using the equation above;
ΔG = -21 kJ/mol + (8.314 J/mol×K)(298 K) ln(40)
= -21 kJ/mol - 7.37 kJ/mol
= -28.4 kJ/mol
Finally, we can convert ΔG to ΔG° under physiological conditions using the equation;
ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln(Q)
ΔG° = (ΔG - RT ln(Q)) / F
where F is the Faraday constant (96,485 C/mol) and R is the gas constant in J/K×mol.
Substituting the values, we get;
ΔG° = (-28.4 kJ/mol - (8.314 J/mol×K × 298 K) ln(40)) / (96,485 C/mol)
= -48.1 kJ/mol
Therefore, the physiological delta G is -48.1 kJ/mol.
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This chemical equation is balanced.
2Na+ 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂
How does this equation show the conservation of matter in a chemical
reaction?
OA. The reactants and products are substances that each have equal
numbers of atoms.
OB. The reactants and products have the same kinds of atoms and
equal numbers of each kind.
OC. The number of substances in the reactants is equal to the number
of substances in the products.
OD. The coefficients and subscripts in the reactants are the same as in
the products.
This chemical equation is balanced. 2Na+ 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂ this equation show the conservation of matter in a chemical reaction by the number of substances in the reactants is equal to the number of substances in the products. Therefore, option C is correct.
What is the conservation of matter ?The law of conservation of matter states that the same amount of matter exists before and after the change of reaction, none is created or destroyed in the reaction.
According to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction is exactly equal to the total mass of the reactants.
Thus, option C is correct.
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How did the visigoths and Ostrogoths maintain a Roman style government
The First Germanic War and the crucial Battle of Anzio (378 CE), in which the Goths led by Fritigern overthrew Rome due to their oppression at the feet of Romans provincial rulers, were sparked
What is meant by provincial thinking?adjective. When you refer to someone or anything as provincial, you are expressing your disapproval of them because you find them to be monotonous and out of date. [disapproval] He made the choice to update the organization's rural image. Synonyms include local, exclusive, simpleminded, and uncultured More the opposites of provincial.
What does a provincial life entail?a member of or associated with a province. 2 pertaining to, or associated with, the provinces; regional. possessing beliefs and attitudes that are thought to be typical of country dwellers; simple or undeveloped; constrained.
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Draw a Lewis structure for the urea molecule, CO(NH2)2CO(NH2)2.
Draw the Lewis dot structure for urea. Include all lone pairs of electrons.
A Lewis Structure is a significantly condensed illustration of the valence shell electrons of a molecule. It serves to illustrate how the electrons surround the character atoms of a molecule.
Water: Is It a Molecule?Atoms come together to form molecules. The two atoms a water molecule are either two hydrolysis (H) atom but one oxid (O) atom. As a result, water is sometimes shortened as H2O. One teaspoon of liquid contains billions of water molecules.
What sets a compound apart from a molecule?A molecule is a group of three or maybe more atoms connected by chemical bonds. A composite is a mixture created by the chemical fusion of a number of distinct types of components.
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Explain how migration can be used by scientists to predict the trends in the size of the human population.
The way migration can be used by scientists to predict the trends in the size of the human population because Population growth occurs when immigration rates are higher than emigration rates; the opposite occurs when emigration rates are higher than immigration rates.
How do migration patterns play in population trends?The rate of natural rise and the results of migration make up the rate of population expansion. As a result, a high rate of natural increase can be balanced by a high level of net in-migration, and a low rate of natural increase can be.
Migration will slow down aging in wealthy areas while speeding it up in underdeveloped ones. Most nations and regions that are seeing population declines do so primarily as a result of natural change (the distinction
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Which reaction would not occur as written due to the Activity Series of Metals (found in your Chemistry Reference Table)?
A. 3 Mg + 2 AlCl3 --> 3 MgCl2 + 2 Al
B. Al + NaCl --> AlCl3 + Na
C. Ca + CuCl2 --> CaCl2 + Cu
D. 2 K + 2 H2O --> 2 KOH + H2
A. 3 Mg + 2 AlCl3 --> 3 MgCl2 + 2 Al would not occur as written due to the Activity Series of Metals
Which metal is least active in the Activity Series of Metals ?The Activity Series of Metals is a list of metals in order of decreasing reactivity. The most reactive metals are at the top of the list and the least reactive metals are at the bottom. The metal that is considered the least active in the Activity Series of Metals is gold. Gold is a very unreactive metal, meaning that it does not easily form compounds with other elements or react with other substances. This is why gold is often used in jewelry and other decorative items, as it does not tarnish or corrode easily. Other metals that are considered to be relatively unreactive and are also located towards the bottom of the activity series include platinum and silver.
It is worth noting that the activity series of metals is not a definitive and absolute list. It is based on a specific set of conditions, such as the presence of a certain solvent or the concentration of certain ions, and the activity of the metals may change in different environments.
Additionally, the activity series can be useful to predict the outcome of displacement reactions, in which a more active metal can displace a less active metal from a compound. For example, zinc, a more active metal than copper, can displace copper ions from a copper sulfate solution to form zinc sulfate and copper metal.
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PLEASE HELP IM ON A TIMER
a) The percentage abundance shows the amount of the isotope
b) The relative atomic mass is 122.5 amu
c) The Rutherford's model explained the planetary model of the atom.
What is the relative abundance?We have to know that the elements that we are considering must be composed of isotopes. The isotopes of the elements that we have have the same atomic number but does not have the same mass number of the element that we are looking at here.
For us to get the relative atomic mass of the element X;
Relative atomic mass = Weighted average of all the isotopes
As such we have;
(121 * 0.432) + (123 * 0.531) + (129 * 0.0370)
52.27 + 65.31 + 4.773
=122.35 amu
The Rutherford model of the atom was one of the earliest among the models of the atom and it helped in the understanding of the atom.
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How would you measure 20 grams of salt?
20 grams of salt can be accurately weighed using an electronic balance. For measuring, we can use s filter paper or other thin sheets to take the salt.
What is an electronic balance ?An electronic balance is a used to weigh substances. Solid as well as liquids substances can be accurately weighed using an electronic balance. It is more accurate and easy to use in comparison with with the conventional balances.
Powder samples can be easily weighed out using electronic balances. First we have to tier the weight of the container or the paper on which the substance to be weighed is taken.
20 g of salt can be easily measured out using an electronic balance. Using this device we can take measurements with two or four decimal places as well.
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which pictogram is not mandatory for chemical labels and sds?
Explosive (Symbol: exploding bomb)
Flammable (Symbol: flame)
Oxidising (Symbol: flame over circle)
Corrosive (Symbol: corrosion)
Acute toxicity (Symbol: skull and crossbones)
Hazardous to the environment (Symbol: environment)
Health hazard/Hazardous to the ozone layer (Symbol: exclamation mark)
Serious health hazard (Symbol: health hazard)
Gas under pressure (Symbol: gas cylinder)
SDS’s are not denote for consumers. An SDS affects the hazards of working with the material in an occupational fashion.
For example, an SDS for paint is not highly relevant to someone who uses a can of paint once a year but is extremely important to someone who uses that paint 40 hours a week or per day 5-6 hours.
A safety data sheet (SDS), first known as a material safety data sheet) is an important information source for eliminating or minimizing the risks linked with the use of hazardous chemicals (hazardous substances and/or dangerous goods) in workplaces.
While the GHS uses a total of 9 pictograms, OSHA will only impose the use of eight.
The environmental pictogram is not compulsory but may be used to provide additional information.
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What is happening to the light when you see a green object?
A: The green light is absorbed
B: The green light is reflected .
C: The green light goes through the object.
Answer:
A. The green light is absorbed
Equipment not kept in your assigned lab drawer is called:
Shared equipment
Departmental equipment
Lab equipment
Community equipment
Equipment not kept in your assigned lab drawer is called: Shared equipment
Departmental equipment are the set of things that is to be used by all the people of department and not necessarily have to be a research equipment. This kind of equipment mostly include some simple machineries and all purpose equipment that can also be used out of the laboratory.
Lab equipment are strictly research related things but can be used for various projects and not strictly used for a particular project. This kind of equipment can be used by research scholars as well as undergraduate or postgraduate student group.
Community equipment are also research related thing but unlike Lab equipment it is used by a group of students or research scholars who are involved in same project or similar kind of project and can't be shared commonly among all the students.
A shared equipment is research related thing but unlike Community equipment it is not shared among the scholars of similar kind of different projects. Shared equipment is assigned for a single group for a particular project and can be shared among the group members only. No members of the group can acquire it all alone.
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Which type of soil can hold absorb more water and why?
Clayey soil can absorb more water due to its comparatively large pore size and ability to hold the water molecules.
Soil is composed of components such as minerals, gas, water and organic matter. It is divided into three components viz. sand, silt and clay.
The ability of a soil to absorb water depends upon its pore size. In clayey soil, it has relatively large pore size so the water molecules can be easily absorbed and stored in the pores unlike sandy soil.
Clay particles have cohesive force between them which helps to hold water molecules together, whereas this cohesive force is absent in sandy soil.
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_Ag₂NO₂ Cu → Cu(NO3)2 +_ Ag
what kind of replacement is it single or double or synthesis/combination combustion or decomposition
This is Single displacement reaction as copper is displacing silver from silver nitrate
What is Single-Displacement reaction?A single replacement reaction, also known as a single displacement reaction, occurs when one element in a molecule is swapped out for another. Starting ingredients are always pure elements combined with an aqueous compound, such as pure hydrogen gas or zinc metal. A new aqueous compound and a different pure element will be produced as products when a replacement reaction occurs.
Cu(s) + 2AgNo3(aq) → 2Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
What is a Displacement Reaction?When an atom or group of atoms in a molecule are replaced by another atom, this is referred to as a displacement reaction. For instance, copper metal is displaced when iron is added to a solution of copper sulphate.
A + B-C → A-C + B
The above equation exists when A is more reactive than B.
A and B have to be either:
Halogens where C indicates a cation.
Different metals wherein C indicates an anion.
Different kinds of single replacement reactions
The reactivity series identifies three primary categories of single replacement reactions:
Metal replacement refers to the displacement of one metal by another. When a metal displaces hydrogen gas, Hydrogen replacement is a process known as were an hydrogen replacement occurs. When a halogen engages in displacement, it is called halogen replacement.To know more about Single-Displacement reaction refer to :
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compound words are usually composed in the following order: combining form + word root + suffix.
Chemit heated a olid red ubtance in a tube, the ubtance made a metallic liquid and a ga, which tatement bet decribe what happened to the red ubtance?
This is based on the process of chemical decomposition due to which experiment shows the red substance.
Compounds with an oxygen–oxygen single bond are categorised as peroxides. Hydrogen peroxide represents the simplest type of this group of chemicals.
It is characterized by its tendency to decompose, caused by the nature of its unstable peroxide bond. It must be stored with a stabilizer, such as acetanilide or similar organic materials.
The solution is not flammable, regardless of its concentration. However, hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent, due to its chemical structure and unpaired electrons.
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1. How many atoms would make 7.31 moles of potassium?
The number of atoms that would make 7.31 moles of potassium is 4.40 × 10²⁴ atoms.
How to calculate number of atoms?The number of atoms in a substance can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles in the substance by Avogadro's number as follows:
According to this question, there are 7.31 moles of pottasium. The number of atoms can be calculated as follows:
no of atoms = 7.31 moles × 6.02 × 10²³
no of atoms = 4.40 × 10²⁴
Therefore, 4.40 × 10²⁴ atoms is the number of atoms in pottasium.
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An umbrella i placed in a drink holding a volume of punch equal to 7ML. The height of the punch roe to 10 ML. If the ma of the umbrella wa 27G, what wa it denity?
An umbrella is placed in a drink holding a volume of punch equal to 7 mL. The height of the punch rose to 10 mL. If the mass of the umbrella was 27 g, the Density of the umbrella is 9 g/mL.
Given that :
The mass of the umbrella = 27 g
The volume of the umbrella :
= height of the punch rose - volume of the punch
= 10 mL - 7 mL
= 3 mL
The density of the umbrella is give as :
Density = mass / volume
Density = 27 g / 3 mL
Density = 9 g/mL
Thus, the density of the umbrella is 9 g/mL.
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The air pressure at the top of Mount
Everest is about 199 mm Hg.
What is the pressure on Everest in
atmospheres?
[?] atm
Answer:
[tex]\huge\boxed{\sf 0.26 \ atm}[/tex]
Explanation:
Given that,
Atmospheric pressure = 199 mm Hg
To convert mm Hg to atm, we divide by 760.So,
Pressure = 199/760 atm
Pressure = 0.26 atm[tex]\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]
I wasn't here to learn this can someone help me
A debate among scientists on how new species form is based on speciation.
Divergence explains how organisms on Earth are related because it shows how species are similar or different.
Genes play the role in diversity of carrying information that results in changes from one generation to the next.
Natural selection is part of evolution because it explains why attributes are either in existence or have gone extinct.
What do scientists debate about how species are formed ?One of the main debates among scientists on how new species form centers around the concept of speciation. There are two main hypotheses for speciation: allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation.
Divergence is the process by which different populations or species of organisms evolve from a common ancestor over time. This process is responsible for the diversity of life on Earth. By studying the similarities and differences between different organisms, scientists can infer evolutionary relationships.
Genes are the basic units of inheritance that carry information from one generation to the next. They play a crucial role in creating diversity among organisms. The genetic diversity of a population is the result of mutations, gene flow, and genetic drift.
The theory of natural selection is one of the most important and widely accepted explanations for the diversity of life on Earth. It is the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population over time, depending on their impact on the survival and reproduction of the organisms that possess them.
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How is our modern understanding of atomic structure different from thomson plum pudding model?
The negatively charged electron in the plum pudding model, however, is smaller than an atom and is negatively charged.
How does the nuclear model of the Rutherford scattering experiment compare to the plum pudding model?Electrons with a negative charge were encased in a positive charge, or "soup," in Thomson's plum pudding atom model. Rutherford's experiment with gold foil demonstrated that the majority of an atom is made up of empty space, with a small, compact, positively-charged nucleus. Rutherford put forth the nuclear model of the atom in response to these findings.The atom is the lowest unit of matter according to the hard-sphere atom model, which is why the plum pudding atom model is distinct. The negatively charged electron in the plum pudding model, however, is smaller than an atom and is negatively charged.To learn more about plum pudding model refer to:
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Glucose can be found in foods like honey. What happens to glucose in the body?
Answer: Unused glucose is stored mainly in the liver as glycogen.
Explanation: The body breaks down most carbohydrates from the foods we eat and converts them to a type of sugar called glucose. Glucose is the main source of fuel for our cells. When the body doesn't need to use glucose for energy, it stores it in the liver and muscles. This stored form of glucose is made up of many connected glucose molecules and is called glycogen. When the body needs a quick boost of energy or when the body isn't getting glucose from food, glycogen is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream to be used as fuel for the cells.
When the body doesn't need to use glucose for energy, it stores it in the liver and muscles.
Instant hot and cold packs are found in many common stores and work when two substances react. Depending on the substances that react, the reaction either absorbs heat or gives off heat. The enthalpy of a hot pack is because the reaction.
Instant hot and cold packs are found in many common stores and work when two substances react. Depending on the substances that react, the reaction either absorbs heat or gives off heat. The enthalpy of a hot pack is negative because the reaction gives off heat. If The enthalpy of a hot pack is positive because the reaction absorbs heat.
Define enthalpy?A thermodynamic system's internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume are added to form enthalpy, which is one of the system's properties. It is a state function that is frequently used to monitor chemical, biological, and physical systems at a constant pressure that is conveniently given by the sizable surrounding environment.In a thermodynamic system with constant pressure, the total amount of heat is measured in terms of enthalpy. It is shown to be. H is equal to E + P + V, where E denotes internal energy, P denotes pressure, and E denotes energy. In a thermodynamic system, entropy represents the degree of chaos.The measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system is called enthalpy.To learn more about enthalpy refer to:
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Alkaline (cold) perms(stronger)
What’s the approximate pH level?
What’s the main ingredient?
Is there a longer or shorter processing time?
The scale contains values from 0, which is the most acidic, to 14, which is an agricultural product that, though not always by weight majority, is the distinguishing or unique element in a cottage food product.
What differentiates one cuisine from another?A cuisine is a type of food distinguished by unique materials, preparation methods, and meals, and it is frequently related to a particular culture or geographical area. Dishes that are specific to a place are made possible by regional food preparation methods, customs, and ingredients.
Why is it vital to be aware of the many types of ingredients?To assess if a food product is a good decision or not, the ingredient list is the best resource you have at your disposal. In actuality, there is no other way to tell if a product is derived from actual food or if it also contains additives, added sugars, and vegetable oils.
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Why are plants so important to humans and other animals?
Answer:
Plants are a resource of food and are also responsible for turning CO2 into O2
Explanation:
Rosa was looking for patterns to help predict the products of chemical reactions. She recorded three similar decomposition reactions in the table. What products should she record in the last row of the table? 2licl + 3o2 3licl + 2o2 2lio + 3cl2 3lio+ 2cl2.
The products Rosa recorded in the last row of the table should be: 2LiCl + 3O₂.
The type of reaction which Rosa did is a decomposition reaction which involves one compound that yields to more than one (or usually two) product. To determine the product, we can deduce that it has to contain elements of Li, Cl and O₂. So, from the options, the answer is 2LiCl + 3O₂.
What is a decomposition reaction?A decomposition reaction can be described as a chemical reaction in which one reactant breaks down into two or more products. Generally, decomposition reactions need energy input.
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What is an example of situational irony in the excerpt the open window?
The example of situational irony is “She rattled on cheerfully about the shooting and the scarcity of birds, and the prospects for duck in the winter. To Framton it was all purely horrible."
A situational irony is a literary device.
Situational irony refers to when an assumption is directly contrasted by an event that happens. It means when something opposite happens to what was being expected.
Saki uses situational irony to create humor in "The Open Window".
The character of Vera spins such an amazing tale of dead people and ghosts that Mr. Nuttel and the reader get captured in it and it is later revealed to be false and just a past time of Vera spinning tales.
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What is the empirical formula of a hypothetical compound that is 96%s and 4% h? you can do this problem easily in your head or with a piece of scratch paper.
The empiric formula to that compound is S₃H₄. Empirical formula is the proportion of the element that is available in a compound.
How to find the emperical formula of that compound?To find the formula for that compound, we have to know the mole ration of its atoms. As per given data only mass of s = 96% and h = 4%. We have to assume mass of the compound as x. Then calculate the ratio as follow:
S mole value : H mole value = (96x : 32.07) : (4x : 1.008)
S mole value : H mole value = 3x : 4x
Let divide the ratio with x
S mole value : H mole value = 3 : 4
After we get the ration, make the empiric formula based on it where the result:
S(mole value)H(mole value) = S₃H₄
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Which of the following characteristics of halogens is not
correct?
Their ionization energy decreases as atomic
a numbers increase
b
Their electronegativity decreases as atomic
numbers increase
с
Their electron affinity decreases as atomic
numbers increase
d None of the above
Answer: The correct answer is d - None of the Above.
Explanation: Halogens have increasing electron affinity as their atomic numbers increase, while their ionization energy and electronegativity both decrease as atomic numbers increase.
Which of the following represents the second ionisation
energy of boron?
A B(g) → B²*(g) + 2e AH = + 2427 kJ mol-¹
B B*(g) → B²*(g) + e AH = + 2427 kJ mol-¹
C B(g) → B²(g) + 2e AH = -2427 kJ mot¹
D B*(g) → B²+ (g) + e AH = -2427 kJ mol-¹
E
Among the different types of scientific knowledge,
are likely to be modified or discarded most frequently. Long ago, in the 1600s, scientists discarded the phlogiston theory because
Many people in the early days of science thought that combustible stuff was made of a component called phlogiston that this substance was emitted during the burning of combustible things.
A combustible material is what?
Combustible materials are those that, when exposed to fire or heat, will ignite, burn, sustain combustion, or produce flammable gases in the form and circumstances anticipated for their application. Combustible materials include rubber, plastics, rubberized materials, and wood.
What gases are combustible?
A gas that really can ignite inside the air or with oxygen is said to be combustible. Gases like hydrogen, methane, propane, and iso-butane are examples of flammable gases. In the existence of an ignition source, a mixture containing a particular amount of flammable oxygen and gas will explode. The most common reason for gas explosion accidents is combustible gas.
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How is our modern understanding of atomic structure different from thomson’s plum pudding model?
So the plum pudding model is different from the hard-sphere model of the atom because in the hard sphere model of the atom, the atom is the smallest division of matter.
What is atom?Atom, smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles. It also is the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristic properties of a chemical element. As such, the atom is the basic building block of chemistry.Investigate varying electron configurations in electron shells around an atom's nucleus.Investigate varying electron configurations in electron shells around an atom's nucleus See all videos for this articleMost of the atom is empty space. The rest consists of a positively charged nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is small and dense compared with the electrons, which are the lightest charged particles in nature. Electrons are attracted to any positive charge by their electric force; in an atom, electric forces bind the electrons to the nucleus.To learn more about electron refer to:
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