Because extremophiles are hard to culture outside of their native environments, how do scientists classify and identify specific species?.
As extremophiles are hard to culture outside of their native environments, scientists classify and identify specific species with the help of DNA sequencing due to their genetic uniqueness.
What are extremophiles?
An organism that can survive under conditions that make it difficult to survive, such as those with severe temperature, radiation, salinity, or pH level, is known as an extremophile.
Ecologically speaking, these creatures have dominated the planet's evolutionary history. Extremophiles have existed for more than 40 million years and have persisted in thriving in the harshest environments, making them one of the most prevalent lifeforms.Classification of extremophiles:
Thermophiles - This refers to the microorganisms that grow best at high temperatures between 41 and 122 °C Example: cyanobacteria, purple sulfur bacteria, Clostridium psychrophiles Psychrophiles- This refers to microorganisms that grow and multiply at very low temperatures with from −20 °C(−4 °F) to 20 °C Example: Pseudoalteromonas, Moraxella, Psychrobacter, Flavobacterium Halophiles - This refers to the organisms that are capable of withstanding extreme saline conditions. Example: Salinibacter, Halomonas etc.acidophiles Acidophile - This refers to the microorganisms that survive in extreme acidic conditions of optimal growth in the range of pH 3–5. Example: E. coliTo learn more about extremophiles visit:
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What function do the anatomical traits observed in the crania of ""robust"" species serve?
Crania of robust species allows for a stronger jaw , which can help in chewing harder objects or biting .Stronger muscles surrounding the orbits could help in more tougher jaws .
Robust species or austral piths are a group of fossil hominins that existed in East and southern Africa between approximately 2.5 and 1.4 million years ago (Ma).Robust species had large teeth as well as a backbone on top of the skull, where durable chewing muscles attached. These features allowed individuals to crush and grind hard foods such as nuts, seeds, This early human species may have been more of a dietary options like eating variety of other foods such as soft fruits and possibly young leaves, insects, and meat.
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3. Explain how mitosis results in genetically identical cells, using the terms chromosome, chromatid, and chromatin
What is the relationship between chromatin and chromosomes during mitosis?
Chromatin condensation causes the development of metaphase chromosomes, which are made up of two identical sister chromatids, as the cell enters mitosis. The centromere, which is a congested chromosomal area, is what holds these sister chromatids together.How do chromosomes duplicate during mitosis?
During telophase, the newly separated chromosomes reach the mitotic spindle and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, thus creating two separate nuclei inside the same cell.
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An Allele is best described as:
An allele is best described as the alternative form of a gene.
What is an allele?In genetics or cytology, an allele is one of a number of alternative forms of the same gene occupying a given position, or locus, on a chromosome.
Genes, according to Gregor Mendel, usually comes in pairs e.g. gene coding for height can be denoted by Tt. The allele represent a member of the gene that encodes a particular trait.
Therefore, an allele is best described as the alternative form of a gene.
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A malignant lesion of the forehead measuring 1.0 cm was removed. The operative report states skin margins are 1.1 cm on all sides. Layered closure of 3.5 cm was performed. How is this coded
The code is 11644 and 12052-51.
What are lesions?An aberrant region of tissue inside or outside the body that could expand or alter in appearance, and which might or might not be malignant.
It is possible for lesions to have sources other than underlying diseases. Birthmarks, bug bites, and scars are a few examples.
Cancerous malignant tumors exist (ie, they invade other sites). They spread through the lymphatic or blood systems to distant locations. We refer to this spreading as metastasis. Although the metastatic disease can spread to any part of the body, it most frequently affects the liver, lungs, brain, and bones.
11644 (Excision, malignant lesion including margins, face, ears, eyelids, nose, lips; excised diameter 3.1 to 4.0 cm),
12052-51 (Intermediate repair; 2.5 cm or less; face, ears, eyes, nose, lips, and/or mucous membranes).
51 modifier is for numerous processes
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The main dietary factor associated with elevated blood cholesterol is?
The main dietary factor associated with elevated blood cholesterol is saturated fat.
What about saturated fat?Because they increase the amount of LDL cholesterol in our blood, saturated fats, sometimes known as "bad fats," increase the risk of cardiovascular disorders (including heart disease and stroke). Cholesterol that is circulated in the blood. The majority of this cholesterol is produced by the body, however some is also absorbed from the meals you eat. Even if they include fat, foods derived from plants never contain cholesterol.Only foods from animals do. Low density lipoproteins are able to transport cholesterol. Dietary fat, particularly saturated and trans fats, may increase LDL and total cholesterol levels in the blood. Blood cholesterol levels may be lowered by substituting polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, particularly olive and canola oil, for some saturated fats.When we consume too much saturated fat, the receptors stop functioning as effectively, and blood cholesterol levels rise.Learn more about saturated fat here:
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Animals with deuterostome development, bilateral symmetry as larvae, and five-part radial symmetry as adults are called?
Animals with deuterostome development, bilateral symmetry as larvae, and five-part radial symmetry as adults are called Echinoderms.
An echinoderm is any member of the phylum Echinodermata. The adults are recognizable by way of their (generally five-factor) radial symmetry, and encompass starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, in addition to the ocean lilies or "stone lilies".
Person echinoderms are found on the sea mattress at every ocean depth, from the intertidal quarter to the abyssal zone. The phylum incorporates about 7,000 dwelling species, making it the second-biggest grouping of deuterostomes, after the chordates. Echinoderms are the biggest completely marine phylum. The primary definitive echinoderms seemed close to the beginning of the Cambrian.
The echinoderms are critical both ecologically and geologically. Ecologically, there are few other groupings so plentiful inside the biotic desert of the deep sea, as well as shallower oceans. Most echinoderms are capable of reproducing asexually and regenerating tissue, organs, and limbs; in a few cases, they are able to undergo entire regeneration from a single limb.
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Describe the horizontal and vertical air motions in a high-pressure anticyclone and in a low-pressure cyclone.
Winds near the surface move across the isobars at an angle when the frictional force, pressure gradient force, and apparent Coriolis force are combined.
What is the motion of horizontal and vertical air in a high-pressure anticyclone and in a low-pressure cyclone?Winds near the surface move across the isobars at an angle when the frictional force is combined with the pressure gradient force and the apparent force of the Coriolis effect. Consequently, the air spirals and converges as it advances in the direction of low pressure. A cyclone sometimes referred to as a low-pressure system, is created by this spiraling inward toward a center of low pressure. Convergence is the technical term for this inward spiraling action, which likewise raises the air at the center.
Air spirals downward and outward from an anticyclone, also known as a high-pressure system, in a high-pressure area. Divergence is the name for this spiraling outward motion. Cyclones rotate anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere.
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The cell organelle that digests molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances is the ____
The cell organelle that digests molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances is the lysosomes.
Every eukaryotic cell has membrane-bound organelles called lysosomes. They are well-known as terminal catabolic stations that eliminate waste from cells and scavenge metabolic raw materials to maintain vital biosynthetic reactions under famine.An animal cell's organelle recycling facility, the lysosome is an organelle that houses digestive enzymes. It disassembles dated and pointless structures so that their molecules can be recycled. Some vesicles that exit the Golgi are directed toward the lysosome, which is a component of the endomembrane system.The hydrolase enzymes of the lysosome, a membrane-bound vesicle, break down aged organelles and proteins into smaller molecules like amino acids.learn more about lysosomes here: https://brainly.com/question/5534167
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In the energy payoff phase of glycolysis, both atp and nadh are formed. What purpose do each of these molecules serve in the cell?
NADH (the reduced form of NAD+) acts to transfer electrons between chemical reactions, whereas ATP is the energy coin of the cell.
What is Adenosine triphosphate?Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy coin of the cell that serves to perform different metabolic functions in the cell which include, among others, growth, reproduction, etc.
Moreover, the reduced form of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is an electron carrier molecule that is used during cellular respiration to transfer electrons from one molecule to another.
In conclusion, NADH (the reduced form of NAD+) acts to transfer electrons between chemical reactions, whereas ATP is the energy coin of the cell.
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As filtrate moves through the ______________in mammals, it generally undergoes a dramatic decrease in osmolarity.
As filtrate moves through the Ascending segment of the loop of Henle in mammals, it generally undergoes a dramatic decrease in osmolarity.
The ascending limb of the loop of henle is direct continuation from descending limb of henle, one of the structure in the nephron of the kidney.This segment of ascending limb has thin and thick segment.
The descending loop leads to sharp bend, in which ascending loop continues.This loop has thin and thick portion. Thick ascending limb is called distal straight tube. Thin-segment is permeable to ions and impermeable water.25% of sodium and potassium is absorb by the wall of ascending limb of the loop of henle.
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With the consumption of the third brownie you gain a marginal utility of ___ utils.
With the consumption of third brownie we gain a marginal utility of 5 utils.
In economics, the term marginal utility means that the additional or extra benefit that a customer gets from buying an extra unit of the service. This is used by economists to evaluate and determine the rate of selling of a specific product by the consumer.
During 19th century, the concept of Marginal utility was grew by economists to analyze and explain the fundamental economic reality of price. The standard rule for marginal utility is:
Marginal utility= total utility difference/ quantity of goods difference.
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Cold water is ________ than warm water and salty water is ________ than fresh water.
Which of the following describes the
coral reef biome?
A. has different levels based on how much sunlight
reaches that depth and is the largest marine biome
B. located in the photic zone and warm tropical waters
with build up of many layers of dead cnidarians
C. found where land and water meet and is covered by
water at high-tide then dry at low-tide
D. where freshwater streams meet the ocean and is a
breeding and feeding spot for birds and fish
Answer:
B.) located in the photic zone and warm tropical waters with build up of many layers of dead cnidarians
It is the vast community of the plants along with the animals that are living in the area. The correct answer is option B.
What kind of a biome is a coral reef ?It is the marine biome that is the coral reef.
Coral reef biome is vast community of the plants and the animals that just live in inside and just around the coral. Whereas the coral reef is animal it is a type of the symbiotic in the nature as the microscopic plants along thrive with inside coral and they just exchange the nutrients. As the coral reefs are just the home to diversity of the plant and the animals species.
Shallow water and the reef-building types of the corals that are having a kind of the symbiotic relationship along with the photosynthetic algae known as zooxanthellae which live in tissues. The kind of coral that just provides protected kind of the environment and compounds zooxanthellae that need for the photosynthesis.
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How can food handlers reduce bacteria to safe levels when prepping veggies for hot holding?
Cooking the food to its right temperature can help food handlers reduce bacteria to safe levels when prepping veggies for hot holding.
Different foods have different temperatures, so to reduce bacteria the food is to be cooked to its required minimum internal temperature. once the food reaches its required temperature, we must try to hold the food at that temperature for a specific amount of time.
Hot food must be kept hot and cold food cold to prevent bacteria from growing. Cold food must be at 41°F or lower and hot food must be 135°F or higher.
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What is the advantage of having the ans neuron that exits the cord synapse onto a second neuron before the target cell?
The advantage of having the autonomic nervous system (ans) neuron that exits the cord synapse onto a second neuron before the target cell shows regulation.
A synapse is in charge of allowing a chemical or electrical signal to travel from one neuron to another or to the intended cell. Synapses are essential for tying together sensory organs, particularly those that track down and send pain or touch inputs to the brain. Chemical and electrical synapses are two different kinds of synapses.
Through the synapse on the second neuron, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is able to regulate the physiological functions of other systems. This implies that every component of the physiological processes can be separately controlled by the ANS.
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The region of supply of food is called
A) Source B) Munch C) Sink D) Area of utilization
Answer:
Answer is Area of utilization
Explanation:
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Without variation, natural selection cannot select for favorable traits. What is the ultimate cause of variation within a population
The final cause of variation within a population without genetic variability would be phenotypic variability, this phenotypic variability will be determined only by adaptations during the life of the organism.
How can variation arise within a population?Some factors influence genetic variability, such as mutation, gene flow, sexual reproduction and genetic drift. Among them, mutation is the main factor that generates variability, allowing the emergence of new combinations within the gene pool of the population.
With this information, we can conclude that Genetic variability refers to the variations of genes between individuals in a population.
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Non-primates have fewer digits (i.e. fingers and toes) compared to primates in order to:______.
a. climb more efficiently.
b. manipulate objects.
c. run faster.
d. have a finer sense of touch.
c. run faster is the correct option
Primates have large brains and dexterous limbs. Non-primates have small brains and inflexible limbs. The main differences between primates and non-primates are the size of the brain and the flexibility of the limbs.
Humans are primates and are a diverse group containing about 200 species. Monkeys, lemurs, and apes are our cousins, and we have all evolved from a common ancestor over the last 60 million years.
Primates: Humans, apes, monkeys, chimpanzees, gorillas, baboons, and orangutans are examples of primates.
Non-primates: Birds, reptiles, amphibians, and some mammals are not primates.
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What is the function of the sporangium? question 11 options: a) passes characteristics from one generation to the next b) forms haploid cells through mitosis c) protects the mature gametes d) protects the developing mother spore cells
Answer:
D) Protects the developing mother spore cells
Explanation:
A structure called a sporangium is found in some plants and other creatures and is responsible for producing and storing spores. Spores, which are haploid structures made by organisms, aid in the germination and formation of new organisms.
A structure called a sporangium is found in some plants and other creatures and is responsible for producing and storing spores. Spores, haploid structures produced by organisms, aid in germination and the development of new species. They assist in the process of reproduction, in other words. What does it actually imply that they are haploid, though? Simply said, it indicates that there are just half the chromosomes needed to create a complete diploid creature. The sporangia can divide through mitosis, or cell division, to manufacture and release spores.
A single, potentially complex morphologically produced sporangium is produced by an unbranched sporophyte in mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. The majority of ferns, many lycophytes, and non-vascular plants are homosporous (only one kind of spore is produced). Some ferns, the majority of lycophytes, and some bryophytes are heterosporous (two kinds of spores are produced). These plants generate gametophytes that are functionally male or female, respectively, by the development of microspores and megaspores. Occasionally, two types of spores are generated in the same sporangium and may even form a spore tetrad together.
Microsporangia and megasporangia, two different types of sporangia, are present in the majority of heterosporous plants. All seed plants, as well as a few ferns (Salviniaceae and Marsileaceae), some lycophytes (genera Selaginella and Isoetes, as well as the extinct lepidodendrids), are heterosporous with two types of sporangia.
Sporangia can grow near the terminals of stems, along their sides, or in close proximity to leaves. In ferns, sporangia are often located on the abaxial surface of the leaf, or the underside, where they are tightly grouped into clusters called sori. An indusium, a type of structure, could be present across Sori. The sporangia of certain ferns are dispersed along with the shortened leaf segments or along (or just in from) the leaf edge.
The sporangium has an indirect involvement in sexual reproduction and an active part in asexual reproduction in several phyla of fungus. The sporangium, which has haploid nuclei and cytoplasm, develops on the sporangiophore. Each haploid nucleus and cytoplasm are encased in a hard outer membrane as the spores develop in the sporangiophore. These spores spread by wind during asexual reproduction and develop into haploid hyphae.
Although sexual reproduction in fungus differs between phyla, the sporangium indirectly contributes to sexual reproduction in some fungi. When two haploid hyphae from different individuals combine to produce a zygosporangium in response to adverse circumstances, sexual reproduction takes place in Zygomycota. The zygosporangium's haploid nuclei subsequently combine to form diploid nuclei.
When the environment is more favorable, the zygosporangium germinates, goes through meiosis, and develops into a sporangium that releases spores.
Oceans are a source of food with approximately _____________________ pounds of fish and shellfish caught annually.
Oceans are a source of food with approximately 200 billion pounds of fish and shellfish caught annually.
The provisioning service of food from capture fisheries and culturing activities is one of the primary services offered by the oceans to human societies. Fish, invertebrates, plants, and, in some cultures, marine animals and seabirds for direct eating or as food for aquaculture or agriculture are all included in this.
The ocean makes a much less overall contribution to the world's food supply. Despite making up 71 percent of Earth's area, the oceans only provide 2 percent of the world's caloric food supply. Without counting the billions of fish raised in aquaculture, it has been estimated that between 0.97 and 2.7 trillion fish are killed each year around the world when they are taken in the wild.
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Each genetic outcome of a genetic cross between the same parents is ______ all previous outcomes. multiple choice question.
A genetic outcome of a genetic cross between the same parents is independent of previous outcomes.
What is genetic variation?Genetic variation can be defined as the genetic poll of an organism, which is the raw material trough which evolution can occur by natural selection.
During sexual reproduction, the formation of gametes generates different genetic backgrounds which are independent of distinct gametes.
In conclusion, each genetic outcome of a genetic cross between the same parents is independent of all previous outcomes.
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Increasing the _____ would allow you to tell if what appears as one object is really two objects very near each other.
If two objects very are near each other, increasing pressure leads the body to join and compressed each other.
What happens if pressure is increase on two objects?Increasing the pressure, the two bodies join and compressed each other as two objects are very near each other because both objects are in contact with each other. If the pressure gets higher deformation of shape to occur due to compression. Pressure is the force which acts on the objects whereas in this situation, pressure is applied on two objects from the outside.
So we can conclude that if two objects very near each other, increasing pressure leads the body to join and compressed each other.
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Localized areas of destruction occurring on plants that have been infected by a virus are referred to as __________ lesions.
Localized areas of destruction occurring on plants that have been infected by a virus are referred to as necrotic lesions.
Necrotic tissue is the result of skin necrosis. Necrosis is a premature death of cells that occurs due to autolysis (self-digestion of cells after the release of enzymes). These cells are a part of the living tissue inside the skin. Necrosis occurs due to external injury or trauma in a particular organ.
Necrosis can be caused by a number of external sources, including injury, infection, cancer, infarction, poisons, and inflammation. Black necrotic tissue is formed when healthy tissue dies and becomes dehydrated, typically as a result of local ischemia.
Treatment can slow the progress of avascular necrosis, but there is no cure. Most people who have avascular necrosis eventually have surgery, including joint replacement. People who have avascular necrosis can also develop severe osteoarthritis.
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Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called?
Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called mass movements.
The muscles that line your gastrointestinal track automatically contract and relax in a wave-like motion known as peristalsis.Peristalsis, which starts in the throat when you swallow and continues through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines as you digest, is the movement of food through your digestive system.During defecation, peristaltic waves that are referred to as mass movement propel feces obdurately in the direction of the rectum.The large intestine contracts slowly but forcefully during mass movements, which transport undigested waste to the rectum for defecation via the anus.They resemble longer-lasting, stronger peristaltic contractions.
3–4 times every day.
primarily in the sigmoid, descending, and transverse colons, produced by smooth muscle contractions in the circular layer.
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The summary measure that is computed to describe a characteristic from only a sample of the population is called:_______
The summary measure that is computed to describe a characteristic from only a sample of the population is called statistics.
Statistics is the study and manipulation of data, including data collection, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation methods. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are the two main subfields of statistics.
Different levels of statistics communication are possible, from non-numerical descriptor (nominal-level) to numerical with reference to a zero-point (ratio-level). To gather statistical data, a variety of sampling methods can be utilised, including basic random, systematic, stratified, or cluster sampling.
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How does a tendon sheath differ from a bursa?
What are anatomical modifiers? why can't just rt or lt be used for these modifiers? give an example
Anatomical modifiers identify the region or component of the body where the procedure is carried out and aid in the swift, precise adjudication of claims. For procedures carried out on paired structures, such as the eyes, lungs, arms, breasts, knees, etc.,
The modifiers LT and RT may also be used to identify uncommon situations in which a physician conducts a procedure that CPT® classifies as bilaterally but unilaterally. For instance, 58953 A bilateral procedure is, by definition, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with omentectomy, total abdominal hysterectomy, and radical dissection for debulking.
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Evolutionary divergence in directions of high phenotypic variance in the ostracode genus Poseidonamicus
Evolutionary divergence in directions of high phenotypic variance in the ostracode genus Poseidonamicus to reconstruct in great detail the evolutionary history of a set of landmark-based morphometric characters.
Phenotypic varianceIn most cases, phenotypic variance mixes environmental and genotypic variance. There are three main types of genetic variance: additive genetic variance, dominance variance, and epistatic variance. The inheritance of a specific allele from a parent and this allele's independent impact on a particular phenotypic are both examples of additive genetic variance, which results in a departure of the phenotype from the mean phenotype. The phenotype variation brought on by interactions between different alleles controlling the same trait at a single locus is referred to as dominance genetic variance. Different alleles at various loci interact to produce epistatic variation.
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Describe and explain the intelligence cycle steps. Is one step in the intelligence cycle more significant or more important than others? explain why?
Intelligence cycle is the process of active collaboration which develop information for policy making and action.There are six steps of the cycle - Requirements, Planning, and direction, collection, processing and exploitation , analysis and production and dissemination.
Requirement - Those questions which expected to includes in contribution.Planning and direction - Is the management and identifying the need for data to delivering.collection- Its a collection of information needed to produce intelligence.processing- Working of data processing
analysis and production- It includes analysis of data and preparing for intelligence product.The intelligence collection process and the intelligence analytic process not only operate.They are independent from each other which is a major problem. It helps
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