How will you justify presence of 18 elements in 5th period and presence of 32 elements in 6th period?

The majority of Europeans at the time had never heard of coal, which Marco Polo described as "black stones...which burn like logs."

Initially, charcoal was utilized in the production process, which caused extensive deforestation in northern China. However, coal had fully replaced charcoal by the end of the 11th century.

They do indeed have an abundance of firewood. However, due to the massive population and the large number of bathhouses and baths that are continually being heated, it would be impossible to supply enough firewood, as everyone takes a bath at least three times each week, and in the winter, if they can, every day. Since every man of rank and means has a bathroom of his own at home, the abundance and low cost of these stones result in significant wood savings.

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The compound is Glucose.

C: 40 g divided by 12 g per mol equals 3.333 mol

H: 6.72 g/mol (1 g) = 6.72 mol

O: 53.28 g/mol (16 g) = 3.33 mol

Subtract the lesser amount of moles.

C: 3.333 / 3.33 = 1.00

H: 6.72 / 3.33 = 2.02 ≈ 2

O: 3.33/3.33 = 1.00

Statistical method

The empirical formula's molar mass is 12 g/mol + 2*1 g/mol + 16 g/mol = 30 g/,ol.

180 g/mol / 30 g/mol = 6 times the mass of the empirical formula is contained in the molar mass.

The empirical formula of compound is six times the molecular formula.

=>[tex]C_{6} H_{12} O_{6}[/tex]

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Period. As you move from either the left to the right, reactivity rises. Group reactivity diminishes from top to bottom.

As you move from left toward right across a period, responsiveness declines. Higher reactivity is caused by the ease with which electrons can be given or snatched away as you move further to the left as well as along the periodic chart.

This is because the size of both the atomic radius expands as the quantity of electronic energy does. reducing the attractiveness of other elements' valence electrons lowers reactivity.

It happens because there are more valence shells and less interaction among valence pairs of electrons. Consequently, the propensity to take electrons from some of the other atoms declines. Atoms get more electronegative as they move through a period.

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The theoretical yield of a reaction is 5.00 moles of potassium permanganate . If the reaction actually produces 616.2 g KMnO₄ ,  the percent yield of the reaction is 78 %.

given that :

the theoretical yield of the reaction = 5 mol

mass of the potassium permanganate = 616.2 g

molar mass of the potassium permanganate = 158 g /mol

moles of the  KMnO₄ = mass / molar mass

                                   = 616.2 / 158

                                   = 3.9 moles

the percent yield = ( experimental yield / theoretical yield ) × 100 %

                              = ( 3.9 / 5 ) ×100 %

                              = 78 %

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A solute is a species that dissolves within a liquid solvent to form a solution—a single, uniform mixture. The total volume of the solution can be expressed in liters.

The total amount of solute contained within can be expressed as a number of moles. The solute concentration in molarity is calculated by combining these two values. The molarity is expressed in "mol/L" according to the required calculation, though it is frequently written in "M" units.

The amount of a substance in a certain volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). Molarity is the ratio of a solute's moles to liters of solution. The molar concentration of a solution is another name for molarity.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

there is no new substance formed

Two isomers are Butadiene Bicyclobutane.

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Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a material by 1°c per mass

Specific heat is defined as the amount of heat energy required to elevate the temperature of a material by  1°C  per unit mass.

It is a material's physical attribute. The joule per kelvin per kilogram (J/K/Kg) is the standard international measurement of heat capacity.

If a substance has a high specific heat, it simply implies that it will take a long time to heat up, but it will also take a long time to cool down once heated. Water has the highest specific heat value.

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the hybridization of the sulfur atom change in the series SF2, SF4, SF6-Option 1 - sp, sp^3, sp^3 d^2 O sp^3, sp^3 d^2

The hybridization of the sulfur atom changes in the series SF2, SF4, SF6 as follows:

In SF2, the sulfur atom is in the sp hybridized state, meaning it has one s and one p orbital in its valence shell. This allows the sulfur to form a double bond with one fluorine atom.In SF4, the sulfur atom is sp3 hybridized, which means it has one s and three p orbitals in its valence shell. This allows the sulfur to form four single bonds with four fluorine atoms.In SF6, the sulfur atom is sp3d2 hybridized, which means it has one s, three p, and two d orbitals in its valence shell. This allows the sulfur to form six single bonds with six fluorine atoms.It is worth noting that the hybridization of the sulfur atom in SF6 is not very common and it is more likely the octahedral electron pair geometry of SF6 is achieved by the d orbitals of sulfur being empty and the sulfur atom being sp3 hybridized. In summary, the hybridization of sulfur in SF2 is sp, in SF4 is sp3, and in SF6 is sp3d2.

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For a team of scientists to claim that they have discovered a new experimental method for determining atomic mass, their claim is to be considered valid only if another team of scientists is able to replicate the results of the experiment.

In order for a scientific claim to be considered valid, it is important that the results of the experiment can be replicated by other researchers.

Replication means that other scientists should be able to obtain the same results using the same methods. This helps to ensure that the results are accurate and reliable, rather than being a fluke or an error.

Without the ability to replicate the results, it is difficult to have confidence in the validity of the claim, as it may be due to uncontrolled variables or other factors that cannot be reproduced. Ensuring that results are replicable is an important part of the scientific process and helps to build a strong foundation of knowledge.

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corkscrew-shaped ridge

The screw’s applied force (output force) is always larger than the screw’s applied force (input force). As a result, a screw’s mechanical advantage is always larger than one.Screws are a type of basic machine. They have a thread, which is a corkscrew-shaped ridge wrapped around a cylinder. When driving in a screw, the head is particularly designed to allow a screwdriver or wrench to hold the screw.

Another sort of inclined plane is the screw. When an inclined plane wraps around a straight rod-like structure, a spirally grooved surface with a pointed end is generated. It serves to keep things together.

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Na+ has one fewer electron than Na, making it smaller and possessing a higher effective nuclear charge.

The fact that sodium ions have just two electron shells makes them smaller than sodium atoms for the main reason (the atom has three). Because they both have the same number of nucleons, the Na+ ion and Na atom have the same nuclear charge. Na+, on the other hand, has a smaller nuclear charge than Na because it has one fewer electron. Na+ is therefore smaller than Na because there is more attraction on the electrons that are already there. A sodium ion's size is smaller than that of a sodium atom.

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The phase and temperature changes that will occur if you heat 50.0 g of H2O in its solid state at -8 C until it all vaporizes is that the solid H2O will transition to a liquid state at 0 C and then to a vapor at 100 C.

Vapor is an aerosolized suspension of tiny liquid particles that are released into the air. It is made up of a mixture of water and other chemicals, such as nicotine, propylene glycol, and other flavorings. Vapor is produced when heated liquid, such as e-liquid, is turned into a vapor. This vapor can be inhaled and exhaled in a manner similar to smoking a traditional cigarette, which is why vapor has become an alternative to traditional smoking.

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The specific heat capacity of the substance, given that the subtance changes temperature from 35.0 °C to 65.0 °C when it absorb 15000 J of energy is 50 J/gºC

We'll begin by obtaining the change in the temperature of the substance.etails below:

ΔT = T₂ - T₁

ΔT = 65 - 35

ΔT = 30 °C

Finally, we shall determine the specific heat capacity of the substance. Details below:

Q = MCΔT

15000 = 10 × C × 30

15000 = 300 × C

Divide both sides by 300

C = 15000 / 300

C = 50 J/gºC

Thus, the specific heat capacity of the substance is 50 J/gºC

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There are two isotopes of bromine atom⁷⁹Br, ⁸¹Br.

a) Each peak originates from a different isotope of bromine. Each peak is composed of a different isotope of bromine. The mass of each isotope is the sum of the masses of the two atoms in the molecule. The average molecular weight of Br_ molecules is 36.184 g/mol.

b) The isotope of bromine has an atomic weight of 78.92 amu and a relative abundance of 50.69. The other major isotope of bromine has an atomic mass of 80.92 amu and a relative abundance of 49.31.

c) The average molecular mass of a [tex]Br_{2}[/tex] = 159.8066274.

d) The average atomic mass of Bromine is found to be. 9 u or 79.9 g mol⁻¹.

e) Bromine has two stable isotopes, ⁷⁹Br and ⁸¹Br, having relative mass abundances of 50.686% and 49.314%

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According to the given statement The pH of the resulting solution is 13.03.

To calculate the pH of the resulting solution, we need to know the concentration of the thiamine hydrochloride ions in the solution.

The Ka value of thiamine hydrochloride is 5.3 x 10^-27. Since thiamine hydrochloride is a weak acid, it dissociates in water according to the following equation:

HC12-H17ON4SCl2 (s) <-> H+ (aq) + C12-H17ON4SCl2- (aq)

The product of the acid and the base concentrations is equal to the acid dissociation constant (Ka)

H+(aq) * C12-H17ON4SCl2- (aq) = Ka

Molarity (M) = moles of solute/liters of solution

3.0 x 10^-25 g of thiamine hydrochloride is dissolved in 1.00 L of water. The molar mass of thiamine hydrochloride is 337.29 g/mol. So we can calculate the number of moles of thiamine hydrochloride in the solution.

moles = mass / molar mass

moles = 3.0 x 10^-25 / 337.29 = 8.94 x 10^-28

Molarity = moles / liters = 8.94 x 10^-28 / 1 = 8.94 x 10^-28 M

Now we can substitute the concentration of thiamine hydrochloride into the equation for the acid dissociation constant.

Ka = [H+] * [C12-H17ON4SCl2-]

Ka = (x)(x) = 8.94 x 10^-28

We know the Ka value and we know the concentration of thiamine hydrochloride ions. So we can use the Ka value and the thiamine hydrochloride concentration to calculate the concentration of H+ ions in the solution.

x^2 = 8.94 x 10^-28

x = √(8.94 x 10^-28)

x = 9.4 x 10^-14

[H+] = x = 9.4 x 10^-14 M

The pH of the solution is calculated by taking the negative log of the H+ concentration:

pH = -log(9.4 x 10^-14)

pH = 13.03

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The following geometry for the complex ion [Fe(en)Cl4] is : octahedral.

The arrangement of atoms in a molecule in three dimensions is known as molecular geometry, commonly referred to as the molecular structure. A compound's polarity, reactivity, phase of matter, color, magnetism, and biological activity can be determined by knowing its molecular structure.

Tetrahedral molecular geometry is present here (e.g. CH4). Trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry results from having three bond pairs and one lone pair of electrons (e.g. NH3). The geometry of the molecule is angular or curved if there are two bond pairs and two lone pairs of electrons (e.g. H2O).

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1.50g of hydrofluoric acid is produced if 3.00 g of hydrogen reacts with excess fluorine with a 25 percent yield.

The balanced equation for the reaction of hydrogen (H2) and fluorine (F2) to form hydrofluoric acid (HF) is:

H2 + F2 -> 2HF

To calculate the amount of HF produced, we'll use the concept of theoretical yield and percent yield.

The theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be formed based on the amount of reactants used.

Here, we're given that 3.00 g of hydrogen is used, so to find the theoretical yield of HF, we'll use the molar ratio of hydrogen to hydrofluoric acid in the balanced equation.

1 mol of H2 produces 2 mol of HF

So, 3.00 g of H2 produces 2*3.00g = 6.00g of HF

Percent yield is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield multiplied by 100%.

It's given that the yield is 25%.

So the actual yield of hydrofluoric acid will be:

Actual yield = (Theoretical yield) x (percent yield/100)

Actual yield = 6.00g x (25/100)

Actual yield = 1.50g

So, 1.50g of hydrofluoric acid is produced if 3.00 g of hydrogen reacts with excess fluorine with a 25 percent yield.

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The fraction of cobalt-60 atoms remaining after 26.5 years is approximately 0.25 (1/4).

An atom is the smallest unit of matter that still retains its properties. It consists of a nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons that orbit the nucleus. Atoms are the building blocks of all matter and can combine to form molecules. Atoms are also constantly in motion and can be found in everything from air to rocks. They are essential for life, as they make up all the molecules that form the cells and organs in the human body.

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Beta decay occurs with a half-life of 25 minutes for the iodine isotope with mass number 128. For this procedure, 3→Te + iB is the balanced nuclear reaction.

Isotopes are two or more atom types that share the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and, therefore, belong to the same chemical element). However, isotopes have different nucleon numbers (mass numbers) because they have varying numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. All isotopes of a given element have nearly identical chemical properties, but they differ in terms of atomic mass and physical characteristics.

The word "isotope" is derived from the Greek words isos, which means "equal," and topos, which means "place," meaning "the same location." The name refers to the fact that different isotopes of the same element occupy the same spot on the periodic table.

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The order of increasing radius is:  Na+ < Rb+ < Br-

The radius of an atom or ion is a measure of the size of the atomic nucleus and the electron cloud that surrounds it. The radius of an atom or ion can be affected by various factors such as the number of protons, neutrons and electrons it has, as well as the electron configuration. In general, as we move from left to right across the periodic table, atomic radius tends to increase.

In the case of the three ions you provided, Br-, Na+ and Rb+ , the order of increasing radius is as follows:

Na+ has the smallest atomic radius among the three, as it has lost one electron and become a positive ion, the removal of the electron increases the effective nuclear charge, making the electron cloud more tightly held.

Rb+ has a slightly larger atomic radius than Na+ as it has one more electron and one more proton in its nucleus than Na+, making the electron cloud slightly less tightly held.

Br- has the largest atomic radius among the three as it has gained an electron and become a negative ion, the addition of the electron decreases the effective nuclear charge, making the electron cloud less tightly held.

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3 grams of Cu = 6.022 x 10^23 atoms of copper.

Answer:

2.84 × 10^22 atoms

Explanation:

To calculate the number of atoms in 3 grams of Cu, we can use avogadro's constant where:

[tex]1 \: mole = 6.02 \times 10 {}^{23} \: atoms[/tex]

Firstly, we have to calculate the number of moles in 3 grams of Cu. The formula to calculate moles is:

[tex]moles = \frac{mass}{molar \: mass} [/tex]

the mass = 3g and the molar mass = 63.55 (this value can be found in the periodic table)

Substitute the values in formula:

[tex]moles = \frac{3}{63.55} [/tex]

[tex]moles = 0.0472[/tex]

Now use the number of moles to convert to atoms using avogadro's number, where x is the unknown number of atoms we want to find:

[tex]1 \: mole : 6.02 \times 10 {}^{23} \: atoms[/tex]

[tex]0.0472 \: moles : x \: atoms[/tex]

Cross multiply and equate to solve for x:

[tex]1 \times x = 6.02 \times 10 {}^{23} \times 0.0472[/tex]

[tex]x = 6.02 \times 10 {}^{23} \times 0.0472[/tex]

[tex]x = 2.84 \times 10 {}^{22} \: rounded \: to \: 3sf[/tex]

Hence, there are 2.84 × 10^22 atoms in 3 grams of Cu

The fluid-filled interior compartment of the thylakoid network is referred to as the: Lumen

The thylakoid lumen is an aqueous phase that is continuously enclosed by the thylakoid membrane. It is essential for photophosphorylation during photosynthetic activity. Protons are hyped across the thylakoids into the lumen during the light-dependent reaction, making it acidic down to pH 4. The lumen in the chloroplast is referred to as the stroma. The stroma is the whitish fluid that surrounds the grana (thylakoids stacks) within the chloroplast. A lumen is the chloroplast membrane that surrounds space. Light energy is captured by photosystems found in thylakoid membranes. The thylakoid membrane contains enzymes required for photosynthesis's light-dependent reactions. Hydrogen ions are pumped into the thylakoid space, or lumen, during these reactions.The thylakoid space has an acidic pH due to the high concentration of hydrogen ions.

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Hydroelectric energy is a renewable form of energy used to generate electricity.

This energy is created by harnessing the power of moving water, typically from rivers and streams, to spin turbines and generate electricity.

Hydroelectric power plants are used to generate electricity for homes, businesses, and cities all over the world.

By utilizing the natural power of water, hydroelectric energy is a clean, safe, and reliable source of energy that helps reduce global carbon emissions. It is also a cost-effective energy source, making it a popular choice for many energy providers.

Hydroelectric energy is one of the most widely used sources of electricity in the world, with many countries heavily relying on it for their energy needs.

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The amount of work that has been done would be 72 Joules.

The work done by a body can be defined as the amount of energy transferred from one body to another body.  In other words, work is the product of force and the distance moved by the force.

This can be expressed mathematically as:

Work = force x distance moved by the force.

In this case:

Force = 12 newton

Distance = 6 meters

Work done = 12 x 6

                   = 72 NM or 72 Joules

In other words, if I move a 12 Newton box by 6 meters across the floor, the amount of work done would be 72 Joules.

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650 mL,In order to obtain the volume of solution necessary to provide a given amount of solute in moles, one needs to take the number of moles and divide by the solution concentration in molarity.

Molar concentration, also known as molarity, quantity concentration, or substance concentration, is a unit used to describe the amount of a substance in a solution expressed as a percentage of its volume. The number of moles per liter, denoted by the unit sign mol/L or mol/dm in SI units, is the most often used unit denoting molarity in chemistry. One mol/L of a solution's concentration is referred to as one molar, or 1 M.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Mass the fluid, find its volume, and divide mass by volume. To mass the fluid, weigh it in a container, pour it out, weigh the empty container, and subtract the mass of the empty container from the full container. To find the volume of the fluid, you simply measure it very carefully in a graduated cylinder.

Drying and fermenting are two of the earliest techniques for food preservation. Replacement, recrystallization, permineralization, and unaltered

The term "preservation" refers to all of the procedures used to extend the useful life of archival records. The goal of preservation efforts is to stop information from being lost and to reduce physical and chemical deterioration of documents. You can manage the components in your food and consume healthy food all year round by canning, drying, and freezing.

The obvious goals of conservation are the protection of wildlife and the advancement of biodiversity. The animals we adore won't vanish into oblivion by being protected and preserved for future generations. And we can keep the ecosystem in good shape and working properly.

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The correct question is as follows

What are 6 types of preservations ?

Answer:

Explanation:

A. Periodic table is beautifully arranged to place elements with similar chemical properties together. A family or a group is a vertical column in periodic table that has elements with similar property.

B. They all have similar properties because they all have the same number of valence electrons that determine the chemical properties such as reactivity of the element.

C. Lithium, sodium, potassium all fall in group 1 called alkali metals and these elements all share the property of being some of the most reactive elements.

The  statement which best explains why the atomic theory developed efficiently is that scientists had used creativity and the scientific method in their investigations regarding the atom.

An atom is defined as the smallest unit of matter which forms an element. Every form of matter whether solid,liquid , gas consists of atoms . Each atom has a nucleus which is composed of protons and neutrons and shells in which the electrons revolve.

The protons are positively charged and neutrons are neutral and hence the nucleus is positively charged. The electrons which revolve around the nucleus are negatively charged and hence the atom as a whole is neutral and stable due to presence of oppositely charged particles.

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Answer: the answer is B

Explanation: just did it hope it helps