Identify the “smart justice” movement and provide at least four examples of reforms, policies, or programs that fall within this movement

Answers

Answer 1
The “smart justice” movement is a criminal justice reform initiative that aims to reduce mass incarceration, reduce racial disparities, and prioritize rehabilitation instead of punishment. It has been gaining momentum in recent years, with a growing number of states introducing reforms, policies, and programs to replace outdated prosecution methods with evidence-based approaches.

One example of this movement is the adoption of diversion programs, which allow prosecutors to divert certain cases away from the criminal justice system and into community-based rehabilitative services. Instead of subjecting offenders to harsh prison sentences, these programs provide opportunities for offenders to address their underlying issues and reintegrate into their communities.

Additionally, states have also implemented bail reforms to address the inequity caused by the current bail system. This involves using algorithms or risk assessments to determine a detainee’s risk level and eligibility for release. Doing so eliminates the sometimes arbitrary decision-making used by judges and allows low-risk detainees the opportunity to remain safely in their communities while awaiting trial.

Another reform is the elimination of mandatory minimum sentences, which are laws that require judges to impose a set sentence for certain offenses, regardless of individual circumstances. Such laws have been proven to disproportionately affect minority groups and lead to overcrowded prisons. Alternatives such as “earned credit” policies allow inmates to shorten their sentences through participation in educational and rehabilitative programming.

Finally, many states are also increasing the use of restorative justice practices which involve holding those responsible for criminal acts accountable through dialogue, victim support services, and financial and emotional reparations. These practices promote healing for victims and allow offenders to take responsibility for their actions in a more productive way.

These are just a few of the examples of “smart justice” reforms, policies, and programs that have been proposed in recent years and are beginning to have a real impact on the criminal justice system. Such initiatives have the potential to create a more equitable and effective justice system that focuses on rehabilitation instead of punishment.

Related Questions

After a jury is selected, the attorneys present their theories of the case and what they hope to prove to the jury in _______.

Answers

Answer : Opening statements

What is the term for an individual or group that attempts to conduct malicious activities against enterprises?.

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Answer: In cyber security and threat intelligence, a threat actor is a broad term for any individual or group of individuals that attempts to or successfully conducts malicious activities against enterprises, whether intentionally or unintentionally

13. According to her test results, Anna prefers logical reasoning over emotions, uses cause-and-effect reasoning, and seeks out the unbiased truth.
Which trait is she likely strong in?
O A. Extroversion
OB. Thinking
O C. Making
D. Feeling

Answers

Based on the fact that Anna tries to use logic as well as cause and effect, the trait she is likely strong in is B. Thinking.

What trait is Anna strong in?

Anna is most likely strong  with the "thinking trait" because she shares characteristics with others who think a lot.

They try to use logical reasoning, and they use cause-and-effect associations to make decisions.

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In which of the following situation can bench trial occur

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In the justice system, a bench trial can occur only when the defendant does not request a jury trial.

See the Explanation below.

What is a Bench trail?

Simply put, a bench trial can be defined as a situation in the justice system where the judge decides guilt or not guilt, however, the Jury Trial is when an array of other lawyers have to decide whether a person is guilty or not guilty.

In conclusion, for the judge to issue a bench trial it has been stated that the defendant has not specifically requested a trial by the Jury

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NATIONAL AUTO DEALERS EXCHANGE, L.P., PLAINTIFF,
v.
DIRECTOR, DIVISION OF TAXATION, DEFENDANT.

PART II: FX ECON301 Case Question Interrogatory [Research Part III] 50 marks evenly weighted ILO:A1/A2
Cite Case Name: NATIONAL AUTO DEALERS EXCHANGE, L.P., PLAINTIFF, v. DIRECTOR, DIVISION OF TAXATION, DEFENDANT. * SEC:___ NAME:______________________SID#_______________
*If unanswered, or answered incorrectly, -2 ½ marks.
Battery#1
[1] What is the jurisdiction of the case? (Answer no more than 3 words)
A: court to declare the assessment of Corporation Business Tax
[2] Is this a class action law suit? Answer Yes or No. If yes, briefly describe the class in one short sentence (25 words or less):
A: yes,
[3] Which party prevails (wins) in the case? __________________________ (single term or cite the name of the party)
[4] Is a fine or restitution or a monetary award of damages involved in this case? If so, indicate the sums involved. (HIGHLIGHT or CIRCLE THE CORRECT UNDERLINED TERM ABOVE) Sum awarded: ____________ (If not applicable identify outcome sought e.g. equitable relief or declaratory judgment: ________________________________ (4 words or less)
[5] Is this a final adjudication of a substantive law claim? Answer YES or NO. If YES, indicate substantive law claim decision. If NO indicate that the matter has been REMANDED to a lower court or that it is a final adjudication of a procedural law claim. If a final adjudication of a procedural law claim, indicate the nature of the procedural dispute in one brief sentence. _____________________________________________________________________________ (25 words or less)

Answers

1. The jurisdiction of the case is in New Jersey.

2. It is not a class-action lawsuit.  A class-action lawsuit involves a large group and not a partnership.  For instance, if all the Auto Dealers in New Jersey are involved in the case, it becomes a class-action lawsuit.

3. The plaintiff, NATIONAL AUTO DEALERS EXCHANGE, L.P, prevails in the case.

4. There was no monetary award in the case.  It was a summary judgment, which does not require a full trial.

5. This case was a final adjudication of a substantive law claim.  The court affirmed that the tax division of New Jersey lacked the jurisdiction to impose or assess NADE for corporate tax since it was not a company for corporate tax purposes but a pass-through entity.

What is jurisdiction?

Jurisdiction refers to the level of government that exercises the legal authority to decide a lawsuit.

In the United States, jurisdiction is divided into local, state, and federal levels.

What is a pass-through entity?

Some of the pass-through entities include sole proprietorship, partnerships, LLCs, and S-corporations.

A pass-through entity is not assessed for corporate tax because the profits are distributed to the individual owners who are assessed for personal taxes.

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Why is it important to name an executor in a will?
A) To ensure that beneficiaries get whatever they want from the estate
B) To ensure that someone you trust administers your estate
C) To ensure that beneficiaries do not receive any asset
D) To ensure that the court doesn't declare the will null and void

Answers

Answer:

B) To ensure that someone you trust administers your estate

Explanation:

Executor DOES NOT decide who gets what

Executor makes sure the property that is in the will goes to the right person

They will need to find and contact the beneficiaries named in the will.

The executor may choose to work with a tax accountant to do this

hessverdon

findlaw

Legality of ______ means that contracts that are contrary to existing laws or public policy are likely to be rendered unenforceable.

Answers

Legality of purpose is the concept that a contract may be enforced even if its terms are against the law or public policy.

What Does Contract Law Mean by Legality of Purpose?The terms and conditions of legal documents that are enforceable and legally binding constitute the validity of purpose in contract law. They frequently include commitments and conditions that were mutually agreed upon. Every enforceable contract must have a purpose that is legal.According to the insurance principle known as "legal purpose," insurance contracts that cover things that are illegal or entail illegal terms are invalid. For instance, a liability insurance policy for a business engaged in bank robberies would not be acceptable. None of the asserted claims would be enforceable in court.What does the term "Purpose" in a contract mean?

The term "purpose" refers to both the parties' intention to investigate developing a commercial connection in regards to the Project and their subsequent business action in that regard.

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Another substantial factor related to novice driver crash incidents is an over-estimation of one's own
driving _______.

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Another substantial factor related to novice driver crash incidents is an overestimation of one's driving skill or ability.'

What determines driving skills?

Driving skills can be determined by measuring a driver's technical and safety skills.

The technical skills include steering, reflexes, smooth braking, and ease of acceleration.

The ability to judge distances, make the right decisions, and be alert on the road are necessary measures of the driver's ability.

Who are novice drivers?

Novice drivers are newly trained licensed drivers, who are usually given Graduated Drivers licensing (GDL) to enable them to gain experience incrementally or in stages.

Thus, some novice drivers overestimate their driving abilities.

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A d-snp member loses his eligibility due to a change or loss of medicaid status. What cost sharing is he responsible for while in the grace period?.

Answers

The cost sharing that the member is responsible for would be the  Medicare cost-sharing portion.

What is the Medicare?

This is the term that is used to refer to the insurance policy that is given to the citizens of the United States based on the fact that it would help to reduce the cost that they would have paid for several health bills.

It is a health type of insurance for those that are of 65 years and above and the younger people that are found to be eligible. The plan also include the people in the nation that are found to have one disease or the other.

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When one party promises to do what she is already legally obligated to do, the law considers this a(n)_______ and not valid consideration.

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When one party promises to do what she is already legally obligated to do, the law considers this a preexisting duty and not valid consideration.

What is a valid consideration?

A valid consideration is a price paid in exchange for goods or services or a promise to do (or abstain from) something.

A valid consideration must be significant, adequate, and unconditional.

Thus, when one party promises to do what she is already legally obligated to do, the law considers this a preexisting duty and not valid consideration.

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g 17.Authority of the court to hear a case: a.Judicial authority b.Jurisdiction c.Legal Authority

Answers

The correct option is (b). Jurisdiction is the Authority of the court to hear a case.

What Is Jurisdiction?

The legal word for the power given to a legal institution to administer justice is jurisdiction. Areas of jurisdiction are applicable at the municipal, state, and federal levels in federations like the United States.

court jurisdiction. 1. Inauguration The term "jurisdiction" refers to the power granted by the law to a court, tribunal, or judge to resolve any difference between the parties, provide a decision, or impose an order.

The ability to exercise authority over people and things inside of a region is known as jurisdiction. It grants a court the authority to hear a case or lawsuit and make a decision legally. The term "jurisdiction" can also refer to a region of land where political power is acknowledged.

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When a patient is covered under more than one policy, __________ is used to ensure the claim is not paid to more than 100%.

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When a patient is covered under more than one policy, coordination of benefits is used to ensure the claim is not paid to more than 100%.

Health policy is best understood as an overarching set of principles and goals that govern how health care is provided and consumed. Health policies are codified at the national or state level and fine-tuned at hospitals or clinical sites.

Use health policies to prevent disease and improve health. Health policies can have a significant impact on health and well-being. Healthy People 2030 focuses on keeping people safe and healthy through laws and policies at the local, state, territory, and federal levels.

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g 23. The appropriate geographical location of the court that has jurisdiction could be based on the _____________involved in the dispute: a. People b. Property c. Place

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

I think so yes you are correct I think so yes you are correct

The right of an individual to take another person's resources because that person has failed to meet the requirements of the law is known as a ________. Group of answer choices dicta remedy citation holding precedent

Answers

The Answer is Remedy

The elements of child abduction (PC 207e) are: (1) taking a child (2) intent to detain the child and (3) ______ from its parents, guardian, public agency, etc. The child’s _________has no effect on this section.

Answers

Answer:

1. ³/-¹fright 5&23/

On a busy day just before April 15, Albert Accountant received a call from a local car dealer. The dealer said, “Hi, Mr. Accountant. Now, while you have income from doing clients’ taxes, I have an excellent offer for you. You can buy a new Buick Century automobile completely loaded for $36,000. Al, I know you’re busy. If I don’t hear from you by the end of the day, I’ll assume you want the car.” Albert, distracted, did not respond immediately, and the dealer hung up. Then followed an exhausting day of working with anxiety-ridden tax clients. Albert forgot about the conversation. Two days later a statement arrived from the dealer, with instructions on how Albert should pick up the car at the dealership. Is there a contract? Explain.

Answers

For the establishment of a contract, the following elements must be present in the deal:

OfferAcceptanceConsiderationMutuality of obligationCompetency and capacity

In the given case, there was no acceptance by Albert's accountant of the offer made by the local car dealer. He was yet to respond to the offer from the car dealer. So there was no contract established between the 2 parties.

A contract is an agreement among non-public events developing mutual duties enforceable with the aid of the law. The primary factors required for the settlement to be a legally enforceable settlement are mutual assent, expressed by using a legitimate offer and attractiveness; ok consideration; capability; and legality.

A contract is any know-how or association reached between or more parties. A settlement is a specific sort of agreement that, by means of its phrases and factors, is legally binding and enforceable in a courtroom of regulation.

Appearance up obligor or obligee in Wiktionary, the loose dictionary. A settlement is a legally enforceable agreement that creates, defines, and governs mutual rights and obligations amongst its parties. A contract typically involves the transfer of goods, services, money, or a promise to transfer any of these at a destiny date.

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set of promises between two or more parties the performance of which the law expects, the breach of which the law provides remedies.

Answers

Answer: Contract

Explanation:

_____ means that laws must be applied fairly and equally to all people, especially to a citizen accused of a crime.

Answers

According to the research, Due process means that laws must be applied fairly and equally to all people, especially to a citizen accused of a crime.

What is due process?

It is the principle that guarantees that each person has certain minimum guarantees so that the result of a judicial process is equitable and fair.

It is linked to respect for the rights of a person who, within the framework of the judicial procedure, can go from accused to imputed, then prosecuted and finally convicted.

Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, Due process means that laws must be applied fairly and equally to all people, especially to a citizen accused of a crime.

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What is the most important implied covenant in an oil and gas lease

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The most important implied covenant in an oil and gas lease is that the lessee must continue to develop the underlying resources according to the agreement.

What is an implied covenant?

An implied covenant is a contract rule to require parties in a contract to implement the intended terms of the agreement.

The purpose of an implied covenant is to ensure that the parties do not undercut the purpose of the contract.

Other essential covenants are that the lessee of an oil and gas lease must protect and administer the leasehold.

Thus, the most important implied covenant in an oil and gas lease is that the lessee must continue to develop the underlying resources

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All communication standards associated with local area networks are governed by​ ________.

Answers

Answer:

i think the IEEE 802 Protocol

Explanation:

A PIO's proactive approach to public information enhances credibility in messaging. Proactivity occurs during A. The five (5%) segment of the 95/5 concept B. The ninety-five (95%) segment of the 95/5 concept C. down time when working an emergency. D. " blue sky" time but makes no difference in credibility.

Answers

Answer: B is the correct answer

The occurrence of the PIO's proactive approach to public information enhances credibility in messaging when there is downtime when working an emergency. Hence, Option C is correct.

What is a proactive approach?

When actions are taken by the person for any problem or difficulty before its turns into a big issue or problem is known as the proactive approach. In nsimpleterms, an approach is made by becoming an active solver in advance. There is one more way to solve any problem and that is the reactive approach. As per the name, it can be stated that the problem or the difficulty will be solved only when it is moved to the next level.

In the case of the reactive approach, the problem is solved when there is a lot of work pressure and a load of other problem-solving is also there. For instance, when a student prepares for the exams that are going to be held in the month of June, preparation will be started by the student in January.

Thus, Option C is correct.

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Litigation generally refers to dispute resolution processes for _______ (or _______) cases in public courts of law.

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Litigation generally refers to dispute resolution processes for civil (or non-criminal) cases in public courts of law.

What is litigation?

The process of settling conflicts through the public court system by submitting or responding to a complaint is referred to as litigation.

The main purposes of litigation are-

Contrary to popular belief, litigation is not the same as a "lawsuit" that has been filed. Following the filing of a lawsuit, legal processes between two parties to uphold or defend a legal right under the supervision of a court are referred to as litigation.The purpose of litigation is to ascertain the rights, responsibilities, and obligations of the parties involved in a legal dispute. In other words, it is the procedure for settling the conflict by legal action, the results of which are enforceable and legally binding.A civil lawsuit is initiated by a member of the public, who then enters the litigation process.

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If a paralegal prepares a research memo concerning case law and the strategy for representing a client, this memo is likely considered.

A. attorney-client privileged.
B. property of the client.
C. property of the attorney.
D. attorney work product.

Answers

When a paralegal prepares a research memo which could concern the strategy for representing a client, that memo is considered C. property of the attorney.

Who is a paralegal?

Paralegals are legal professionals who have a wealth of legal knowledge but are yet to have passed the bar.

Their duty is to assist lawyers in legal issues by researching cases for them, coming up with strategies, and basically other ways that the lawyer needs help with.

The work done by the paralegal such as researching case strategy will be considered to be the work of the attorney who was being helped by the paralegal.

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Do you think Geo-Fencing is an invasion of privacy? Why?

Answers

Answer: Law enforcement officers have been using geofencing to find the location data of mobile devices in the area of a committed crime. While this gives them the ability to find a possible suspect, consumers feel it is a violation of privacy for the innocent parties.

A state legislature received complaints from traffic accident victims who, in the days immediately following their accidents, had received unwelcome and occasionally misleading telephone calls on behalf of medical care providers. The callers warned of the risks of not obtaining prompt medical evaluation to detect injuries resulting from accidents and offered free examinations to determine whether the victims had suffered any compensable injuries. In response to these complaints, the legislature enacted a law prohibiting medical care providers from soliciting any accident victim by telephone within 30 days of his or her accident. Which of the following arguments would be most helpful to the state in defending the constitutionality of the law?

a. Because the law regulates only commercial speech, the state need only demonstrate that the restriction is rationally related to achieving the state's legitimate interests in protecting the privacy of accident victims and in regulating the medical profession.
b. The law is a reasonable time, place, and manner regulation.
c. The state has substantial interests in protecting the privacy of accident victims and in regulating the practice of medical care providers, and the law is narrowly tailored to achieve the state's objectives.
d. Because the commercial speech that is the subject of this law includes some speech that is misleading, the First Amendment does not limit the power of the state to regulate that speech.

Answers

The correct option is option (c), i.e., The state has substantial interests in protecting the privacy of accident victims and in regulating the practice of medical care providers, and the law is narrowly tailored to achieve the state's objectives.

Why is confidentiality important to victims?

When the anonymity of their information is guaranteed, victims of violence are more likely to seek out help and reveal the true nature of the abuse or attack they have endured. This enables efficient, individualized advocacy planning and responses.

Why is it important for the government to make laws protecting the victims as well as the witnesses of a crime?

For successful criminal trials to take place and for organized criminal groups to be destroyed, victims' and witnesses' cooperation is essential. However, getting such cooperation is one of the difficulties that many criminal justice systems encounter in the investigation and prosecution of crime.

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What program is available to support c-snp and d-snp members who may have unique health care needs?.

Answers

The healthcare program available to support C-SNP and D-SNP members with unique healthcare needs is a care management program that varies and depends on the member's health risk level.

What is a Dual Special Needs Plan?

A Dual Special Needs Plan (DSNP) is a special Medicare Advantage Plan that provides health benefits for people who qualify for both Medicare and Medicaid.  These people are described as dually eligible.  

The eligibility for these special needs rests on health risk assessments.

What is a health risk?

Health risk refers to an adverse event or negative health consequence resulting from specific events, diseases, or conditions.

For example, obesity health risks include diabetes, joint disease, cardiovascular disease, and an increased probability of cancers.

What is health risk assessment?

A health risk assessment is an appraisal or evaluation that assesses a person's health risks based on the person's medical history, demographic, and lifestyle characteristics.

Thus, the healthcare program available to support C-SNP and D-SNP members with unique healthcare needs is a care management program that varies and depends on the member's health risk level.

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Sentencing of offenders is assessed differently using different ethical perspectives. Explain

Answers

The punishment that an offender receives is based on the different ethical perspective of the person doing the sentencing.

How does ethical perspective affect sentencing?

The ethical view that a judge takes when they are sentencing a person is what ultimately determines the sentence that the offender will get.

For instance, a man runs red lights and has an accident. He doesn't stop because he is trying to get his wife who is in labor to the hospital.

A judge who believes that the ends justifies the means will give that man a lighter sentence because he was just trying to get his wife proper medical care.

Another judge might impose a heavy sentence because the judge wouldn't look at why the man committed the crime, but how it affected other people.

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When Lara and Mick cannot resolve their dispute amicably, Lara initiates a lawsuit against Mick. Lara is

Answers

Plaintiff is the answer

Suppose that the following milestones apply to a hypothetical based on Brodgen v Metro Railway. Brogden supplies coal to Metro on a regular basis. On June 3, Brogden and Metro negotiated a draft concerning the supply of coal.
Suppose that the following transactions take place:

• April 2: Brogden shipped and Metro received 85,000 tons of coal
• May 2: Brogden shipped and Metro received 145,000 tons of coal
• May 22: Brogden shipped and Metro received 65,000 tons of coal
• June 2: Brodgen shipped but Metro received the delivery of 45,000 tons of coal
• July 2: Brogden shipped but Metro rejected the delivery of 50,000 tons of coal
• August 2: Brogden shipped and Metro received 225,000 tons of coal
• August 29: Brogden shipped and Metro received 75,000 tons of coal

Using data from [B3] below, determine damages payable using the above-identified theory & recovery basis:______________ (number)

Answers

The damages payable using the above-identified theory & recovery basis is 50000 tons.

What are damages?

It should be noted that damages are the remedy to be paid to a client as compensation.

In this case, Brogden shipped but Metro rejected the delivery of 50,000 tons of coal.

Therefore, the damages payable using the above-identified theory & recovery basis is 50000 tons.

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In a lawsuit, a defendant can file a ______ if the defendant believes that the plaintiff has caused her damages arising out of the same set of facts.

Answers

Answer: Counterclaim

Explanation:

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