The crime rate ought to decrease if more criminals are sent to prison. The term for this is "incapacitation effect."
What exactly is incapacitation?Incapable individuals who are in prison: They don't do as many crimes as they would if they weren't in prison. The most accurate modern estimates of the effect's magnitude range from two to five serious crimes per year served in prison. These effects are stronger for higher-rate offenders when incarceration is used more selectively, but they will eventually diminish as incarceration is used more frequently.
This chapter examines the research and offers the following fundamental policy recommendations: 1) An all-encompassing incarceration policy should not be based solely on incapacity; ( 2) the current levels of incarceration in the United States cannot be justified by incapacity.
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Courts may use which of the following to interpret the meaning and purpose of a piece of federal legislation?
a) Rules of statutory interpretation
b) Minutes of committee hearings
c) The entire legislative history of the act
d) All of the above may be used by the courts.
Courts may use various tools to interpret the meaning and purpose of a piece of federal legislation, including rules of statutory interpretation, minutes of committee hearings, and the entire legislative history of the act.
Hence, the correct option is D i.e. "All of the above may be used by the courts."
In some cases, courts may also consider other sources of information, such as prior judicial decisions or the context in which the law was enacted. Ultimately, the goal of statutory interpretation is to determine the intent of the legislature and to give effect to that intent in a manner that is consistent with the principles of statutory construction and the Constitution.
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A party that wants the Supreme Court to review a lower court ruling musta. present a non obstante veredicto.b. file a petition for a writ of certiorari.c. file a petition for a voir dire.d. present a motion to dismiss
A party that wants the Supreme Court to review a lower court ruling must file a petition for a writ of certiorari.
Hence the correct option is b.
A writ is a written order by the Supreme Court or the High Court that commands the lower courts or tribunals for constitutional remedies for the Indian citizens if their fundamental rights which are enshrined in the Constitution are violated.
In the literal sense, certiorari means 'to be informed'. This writ is issued by a higher court to a tribunal or a lower court to either squash the order to the lower court/tribunal or to transfer the case to the higher court.
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which amendment to the constitution guarantees due process and equal protection rights to all citizens?
The Fourteenth Amendment Additional Rights and Equal Protection All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction are considered citizens of the United States and the state in which they live. As a result, D is the right answer.
No State shall enact or carry out legislation restricting the rights or immunities of United States citizens; no State shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; and no State shall deny equal protection of the laws to any person within its jurisdiction.
All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction are considered citizens of the United States and the state in which they live.
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Full Question ;
which amendment to the constitution guarantees due process and equal protection rights to all citizens?
13 Amendment
10 Amendment
11 Amendment
14 Amendment
True/False? krugman advocated the idea that strategic trade policies can eliminate trade wars.
The given statement "Krugman advocated the idea that strategic trade policies can eliminate trade wars" is true because Paul Krugman argued that strategic trade policies could help reduce the incentive for other countries to engage in trade wars.
One way to do this is by imposing tariffs on imported goods to protect domestic industries from foreign competition. Governments can also provide subsidies to domestic industries to encourage their growth and competitiveness in the global market. By creating such strategic advantages, governments can encourage other countries to engage in fair trade practices rather than resorting to trade wars.
However, this view is not without controversy. Many economists have criticized strategic trade policies as potentially harmful to overall economic welfare.
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Which four-tiered model of criminal justice begins with the premise that not all cases are handled in the same manner?
A. the conflict model
B. the due process model
C. the crime control model
D. the wedding cake model
The four-tiered model of criminal justice begins with the premise that not all cases are handled in the same manner is called the wedding cake model.
Hence, the correct option is D.
The criminal justice system is a network of government with private agencies to manage crime, accused persons and the convicts. The wedding cake criminal justice system is a procedure of criminal justice law where a four tiered hierarchy, which means the crime is divided in various layers. It helps in differentiating types of offences and how serious the offence is. The top layer of wedding cake model is small and consists of celebrated cases, with the increase in size of the lower tiers the crimes increases the severity decreases like serious felonies, felonies, and misdemeanors(lowest level).
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TRUE OR FALSE those uniform state laws that have been adopted by individual states were first written by congress.
The uniform state laws that the various states have adopted were not initially written by Congress.
What are Uniform Laws?
It is possible for state legislatures to implement uniform laws after carefully drafting model legislation. State legislatures have the option of rejecting them, adopting them as a whole, or adopting them with modifications. The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, formerly known as the Uniform Law Commission (ULC), is responsible for creating uniform laws. Renowned attorneys, judges, politicians, and law academics are members of ULC. They want to encourage state law consistency. Over 250 Uniform Laws have been created by ULC since its foundation in 1892. Similar to uniform laws, model acts, and model codes may be offered by any person or group, including the American Bar Association, the American Law Institute, and ULC.
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how long after irs approves refund does it get deposited
After the IRS approves a tax refund, the time it takes for the refund to be deposited into your bank account or sent to you via mail depends on how you requested to receive your refund and how you filed your tax return.
If you opted for direct deposit, it typically takes about 1-3 business days for the funds to be deposited into your bank account after the IRS approves your refund. However, if you requested a paper check, it can take several weeks for the check to be mailed to you. In some cases, the IRS may also issue a prepaid debit card instead of a paper check.
It's important to note that the timing of your tax refund can also be affected by a number of other factors, such as the accuracy and completeness of your tax return, any errors or discrepancies that need to be resolved, and the volume of returns that the IRS is processing at any given time. If you have questions about the status of your tax refund, you can check the IRS "Where's My Refund?" tool or contact the IRS directly for assistance.
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Which model of the criminal justice system describes the expectation of efficiency?
The criminal justice model describes the expectation of an efficient criminal justice system.
The criminal justice model is a detail oriented rules around certain core values and principles of law. Various jurists proposed various models of justice of which the criminal justice model is considered having the best efficiency. It is system based on values and principles, where fair train and process of justice is entertained. The criminal justice model contains of further two models (1)the due process of law and (2)the crime control model. The due process of law help in extracting justice between the parties while the crime control model helps in punishing and preventing further crimes. All these work together in the society to ensure a healthy and fair environment to the victims as well as the accused.
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which of the following reflects the attitude exhibited by muslim rulers toward jews, christians, and zoroastrians as long as they accepted islam's political rule?
Muslim rulers generally exhibited a tolerant attitude towards Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians as long as they accepted Islam's political rule.
This attitude was based on the Islamic concept of dhimma, which granted non-Muslims living in Islamic territories certain rights and protections in exchange for payment of a poll tax (jizya) and their acceptance of Muslim political authority.
Under the dhimma system, non-Muslims were allowed to practice their own religion and follow their own laws and customs. They were also guaranteed protection from outside aggression and were allowed to engage in commerce and trade.
However, there were certain restrictions placed on non-Muslims, such as prohibitions on proselytizing or criticizing Islam, and they were generally regarded as second-class citizens.
Overall, the treatment of non-Muslims under Muslim rule varied depending on the specific ruler, time period, and local circumstances, but the general attitude towards them was one of tolerance as long as they accepted Muslim political rule and paid the jizya tax.
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What was the purpose of the policy of containment after World War II?
The main purpose of the policy of containment after the World War II was to limit the spread of soviet power and communist ideology.
The concept of communalism refers to a set of beliefs and values that define the division between states(people, groups of people, communities). Containment was a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the united states during the cold war to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II. The idea was to make other countries prosperous enough to avoid the temptation of communism.
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a courtâs subject-matter jurisdiction may be limited by all of the following except
a. The subject of a lawsuit
b. The sum in controversy
c. Whether the proceeding is a trial or an appeal
d. The prior experience of the court in deciding similar disputes
Out of the choices of alternatives provided above, it may be stated that the prior experience of the court in making decisions on similar disputes is an exception by which the subject-matter jurisdiction of a court may be limited. Therefore, the option D holds true.
The jurisdiction of a court is a similar concept that determines the powers and the extent up to which the powers and authorities of a court are limited to. The subject of a lawsuit, trials and appeals, and the sum involves in the case are essential points that determine the jurisdiction of a court.
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What is estate at will?
An estate at will is a type of tenancy or property ownership arrangement in which the tenant or occupant has the right to possess and use the property for an indefinite period of time, but the agreement can be terminated by either the tenant or the landlord at any time without prior notice.
In other words, an estate at will is a flexible and informal arrangement in which the renter is allowed to stay on the property for as long as both sides are willing to allow, but the agreement has no set end date or duration. This sort of tenancy can be created by express agreement between the landlord and the tenant, or it might occur as a result of the parties' acts or conduct.
Because the estate at will can be terminated at any time by either party, it offers no security or stability to the renter.
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This criminal justice model describes the expectation of an efficient criminal justice system. a. war-on-crime model b. crime control model c. justice model
The criminal justice model describes the expectation of an efficient criminal justice system b)crime control model.So,correct option is b.
Criminal justice model is defined as the conveyance of equity to the individuals who have been blamed for carrying out wrongdoings. The criminal justice model is a progression of government organizations and foundations. Objectives incorporate the restoration of guilty parties, forestalling different wrongdoings, and moral help for casualties. The essential foundations of the criminal justice model are the police, arraignment and protection legal advisors, the courts and the detainment facilities framework. A viable criminal justice model is a vital part of law and order, as it is the traditional instrument to review complaints and bring activity against people for offenses against society.
Hence,correct option is b.
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(Complete question) is:
The criminal justice model describes the expectation of an efficient criminal justice system.
a. war-on-crime model
b. crime control model
c. justice model
d. due process
at the heart of the secondary market for treasury bills are 23 financial institutions designated by the federal reserve bank as , who make a market in treasury bills by buying and selling for their own account and trading for their customers.
Answer: Your welcome!
Explanation:
These 23 financial institutions are known as Primary Dealers. Primary Dealers are responsible for providing liquidity in the Treasury market by participating in all auctions of Treasury securities and trading in the secondary market. They are also expected to provide market intelligence to the Federal Reserve, which uses this data to inform its monetary policy decisions. By participating in the Treasury market, Primary Dealers facilitate the sale of Treasury securities to investors, thus providing the government with the funds needed to finance its operations.
to grant a motion for a(n) notwithstanding the verdict (judgment non obstante verdicto), a judge must, as a matter of law, determine that the trial did not produce sufficient evidence to support the jury's verdict.
A judge must find that the trial did not yield enough evidence to support the jury's verdict to grant an application for a judgment.
A judgment despite the decision (JNOV) is one in which the preliminary appointed authority rejects the jury's choice after it has been reached and gives the horrible party a judgment without requesting another preliminary.
Except for the planning of a preliminary, a judgment despite the decision (JNOV) and a coordinated decision are very comparative. Assuming the adjudicator accepts that the jury twisted the law in arriving at its choice or that no sensible jury might have arrived at the jury's decision in light of the realities presented at the preliminary, the adjudicator will give a JNOV.
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Mayra offers to sell her home to Hanna for "about $100,000 plus closing costs." Hanna accepts Mayra's offer. Later, a dispute arises over the precise dollar amount of the purchase price. How will a court most likely resolve this dispute?
A) The court will require Hanna to pay the average of her price and Mayra's price.
B) The court will determine that Hanna pay only the figures mentioned in the contract.
C) The court will determine a reasonable price to be paid by Hanna.
D) The court will appoint a licensed real estate appraiser to determine the price to be paid by Hanna.
E) The court will declare the purchase price and terms too indefinite to create a binding contract.
The court will most likely resolve the dispute by determining a reasonable price to be paid by Hanna.
Hence, the correct option is C.
A court will most likely resolve the dispute over the purchase price of the home by interpreting the agreement between Mayra and Hanna. If the agreement is determined to be ambiguous, the court will consider the circumstances surrounding the formation of the agreement, such as the negotiations leading up to it and the parties' subsequent conduct, in order to determine their intent.
In the case of "about $100,000 plus closing costs," a court would likely interpret this as meaning that the purchase price was intended to be $100,000 plus an amount to cover closing costs, but that the exact dollar amount was not specified. In such a case, the court would likely require the parties to provide evidence of the actual closing costs incurred, and then determine the final purchase price based on that evidence.
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there are some key policy measures that make globalization sustainable and encouraging further cross-border integration. which one of the following is not one of these key policy measures?
Out of the provided options of alternatives, it is to be considered that democracy is not a key policy measure that makes the concept of globalization to sustain and encourage cross-border integration. Therefore, the option C holds true.
Globalization is ideally taken into assumption by the layman as a concept that develops trade and business relationships between at least two countries. The form of governance, such as democracy, has no relation whatsoever with making globalization as a sustainable development within a country or an economy.
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Complete question
There are some key policy measures that make globalization sustainable and encouraging further cross-border integration. which one of the following is not one of these key policy measures?
Options
A.Countries with sound economic policies will be more successful in the global economy, encouraging further opening and cross border integration.
B.Governments need to put in place good governance, competitive markets, and property rights, and assist in the fight against corruption.
C. Adaptation of democracy as the ideal form of governance
what is the content of bill of rights amendment 1-10
The content of the bill of rights amendment 1-10 consists of freedom of religion, protection, rights to trial etc.
The first ten amendments of the US Constitution are known as the Bill of Rights. It was incorporated into the Constitution in the year 1791 to safeguard individual liberty and contain the central authority's reach. The ten contents can be described as -
Freedom of speech, press, association, and petition are all guaranteed.Protection from arbitrary searches and seizures, as well as the requirement for a warrant granted only after establishing probable cause.The freedom to own and use weapons.Protection from military personnel being housed in private residences without the owner's permission.The right in civil cases to a jury trial.It is prohibited to interpret the Constitution's enumeration of some rights as negating or demeaning other rights that the people have retained.The right to due process of law, defence from double jeopardy and self-incrimination.The states or the people are reserved with all powers that the Constitution neither grants the federal government nor forbids it from exercising towards the states.Protection from high bail and fees as well as from unusually harsh penalties.It is prohibited to interpret the Constitution's enumeration of some rights as negating or demeaning other rights that the people have retained.Read more about bill of rights amendment 1-10 on:
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identify the following examples as either norms or values. norms laws about smoking press space to open equal economic opportunity for all press space to open freedom of speech press space to open shaking hands in greeting press space to open values
The following examples are classified as norms or values:-
Norms: shaking hands in greeting, and laws about smoking
Values: freedom of speech, and equal economic opportunity for all.
What are norms?A norm is a predetermined standard or average. It is a predetermined level of development or achievement that is usually derived from the mean or median achievement of a large group.
Values are commonly defined as "what one finds important in life," such as privacy, wealth, or fairness. In general, norms refer to what is considered standard, acceptable, or permissible behavior in a group or society.
Therefore, the following examples are classified as norms and values.
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authoritarian governments have ______person or a ________ people in charge.
The correct option is D ; one, none, Authoritarian governments have one person or a none people in charge.
Authoritarian = Government leadership controls all elements of citizens' economic, social, and political life; power is concentrated in the hands of one or a few individuals; opposition to the government is prohibited and frequently harshly punished. Democratic = The people have sovereignty.
Authoritarian. A government in which one person or group wields ultimate control. Dictatorship. Characteristics. Absolute authority; unlimited powers; most prevalent type of control throughout history; major challenger to constitutional democracy; power obtained via bloodshed.
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Full Question ;
Authoritarian governments have__person or a__people in charge.
(A)two, one
(B)one, few
(C)three, three
(D)one, none
drag the tiles to the correct boxes to complete the pairs. match the following types of imperial government to their characteristics. region where colonizers come to live region receiving military support from an imperial country part of a country controlled by an imperial country sphere of influence arrowright protectorate arrowright colony arrowright
The answer to the statement "drag the tiles to the correct boxes to complete the pairs. match the following types of imperial government to their characteristics."
Region where colonizers come to live : Colony
Part of a country controlled by an imperial country : sphere of influence
Region receiving military support from an imperial country : protectorate
In international politics, sphere of influence refers to a state's assertion of exclusive or predominate authority over a foreign region or territory.
In terms of international relations, colonialism describes the relationship between two states in which one of them exerts some degree of decisive control over the other.
In International relations, a protectorate is a partnership between two governments in which one of them exerts significant influence over the other.
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Uses the Internet to resolve disputes
The resolution of disputes with the assistance of organizations that offer dispute-resolution services via the Internet.
When outside help is needed to resolve a dispute, there are a number of Web sites that offer _________. _____ may be best for resolving small- to medium-sized business liability claims, which may not be worth the expense of litigation or traditional ADR
The resolution of disputes with the assistance of organizations that offer dispute-resolution services via the Internet. When outside help is needed to resolve a dispute, there are a number of Web sites that offer online dispute resolution(ODR) may be best for resolving small- to medium-sized business liability claims, which may not be worth the expense of litigation or traditional ADR.
ODR is a digital space, where public facing disputes can be resolved by the parties through the usage of internet. While ODR refers to wide case of alternative dispute resolution that takes advantage of the availability and development of internet excess. ODR is one of the type of alternate dispute resolution which solves disputes between two parties before going to the court. It is considered as an easier and faster way to solve solve civil disputes without the involvement of the jury and court proceedings. ODR is slightly different from ADR in the usage of internet, it solves disputes outside of court with the help of technology and alternate dispute resolution.
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What is a federalism system of government?
Federalism is defined as a hierarchical system of government under which two levels of government exercises.
Federalism is a merged and compound technique for government that joins a general government (the central or "regulatory" government) with nearby lawmaking bodies (normal, state, cantonal, provincial, or other sub-unit councils) in a singular political system, dividing the powers between the two. Federalism in the state of the art time was first embraced in a long time of states during the Old Swiss Alliance.
Federalism differs from confederalism, in which the overall level of government is subordinate to the common level, and from devolution inside a unitary state, in which the neighborhood level of government is subordinate to the general level. It tends to the central design in the pathway of regional compromise or segment, restricted on the less planned side by confederalism and on the more organized side by devolution inside a unitary state.
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What does recidivism mean?
Recidivism can be generally meant as the tendency of an individual to commit a criminal act repetitively without having a sense of guilt about the same.
The concept of recidivism may be referred to or considered as the situation wherein a person commits an act that is undesirable or displays a criminal behavior. It is also to be noted that this behavior refers to having negative consequences for the one who possesses it. A criminal found guilty of an offense is most likely to experience recidivism.
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The writer of Hebrews is [ Select ] ["unknown", "Peter", "John", "Paul"] , and the book of Hebrews was written to emphasize the superiority of [ Select ] ["good works", "Roman law", "righteousness", "Jesus Christ"] over the Old Covenant of Law.
In the above condition, it may be stated that “The Hebrews” was written by Paul with an intention to lay an emphasis on the superiority of Jesus Christ over the Old Covenant of Law. Therefore, the options 1-C and 2-C hold true.
''The Hebrews'' has always been remembered as the most accurate and relevant document for the governance of Christianity, and the religious ideologies that tend to revolve around the same. It may also be stated that the ''The Hebrews” is very much true to what it mentions and intends to portray to its readers in a large part.
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Answer: Answer is below <3
Explanation:
The writer of the Hebrews is Paul.
The book of Hebrews was written to emphasize the superiority of Jesus Christ over the Old Covenant of Law.
governments can protect consumers from unsafe products by issuing a limit or a ban on such products. (True or False)
It is highly appropriate and totally correct to be mentioning that the government maintains consumer protection by issuing a limit or a ban on products that may be unsafe. Therefore, the aforementioned statement is to be held as true.
Consumer protection may be taken into interpretation as the primary social welfare goal of the state and national governments. When government is able to identify the safety in products not being up to the mark, there may be a ban on the products thus involved thereunder.
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Cmplete question
governments can protect consumers from unsafe products by issuing a limit or a ban on products. (True or False)
what is the 21st amendment simplified
The 21st Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified on December 5, 1933 and it repealed the 18th Amendment, which had established nationwide Prohibition of alcohol.
To put it simply, the 21st Amendment makes it permissible for individuals and corporations to once again manufacture, transport, sell, and consume alcoholic beverages. This amendment granted each state the ability to regulate and control the sale and distribution of alcohol inside its borders, resulting in a plethora of alcohol-related rules and regulations that differ from state to state.
The 21st Amendment is notable because it, for the first time in US history, reversed a previous constitutional amendment (the 18th Amendment). It also marked the end of Prohibition, a period in which the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages were forbidden throughout the United States.
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What Acord form is for cancellation?
Acord form 35 is used for cancellation of a policy after returning the original policy to the insurer.
When the original policy has not or cannot be returned for cancellation, the Cancellation Request/Policy Release ACORD Form 35 should be used to end the policy. The insured is asked for a request letter to cancel the policy with the original policy letter, date, and reason for the cancellation.
Only people with the necessary qualifications and expertise should be involved in the cancellation process. Everyone who handles them should be instructed on what to expect. The cancellation authority of any organization must be understood by everyone who handles cancellations. It is advised that you make a photocopy of this authority by firm and distribute copies to each individual who deals with cancellations.
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How to identify examples of leveling mechanisms in the united states?
Taxpayer funds being used for political purposes is NOT a leveling mechanism.
Public education funding through tax dollars IS a leveling tool. The reduction or abolition of inequality is leveling.
A technique or mechanism meant to lessen or end social inequality is known as a leveling mechanism.
It is true to say that using public funds for political purposes is NOT a leveling mechanism, but using public funds to fix roads and bridges is an example of one. Press Space to reveal the use of public funds to support the military Press Space to reveal the exploitation of tax dollars for political purposes Press Space to reveal the usage of tax dollars to support public education.
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federalism is a mixture of which two extreme forms of political organization?
Federalism is a mixture of the following extreme forms of political organization: Confederacy and Unitary National Government
Federalism is a political system that combines characteristics of a strong central authority with a system of sovereign states or regions. It is a hybrid of two extreme forms of political organization: unitary government, in which all power is concentrated in a single central government, and confederation, in which most power is distributed to individual states or regions with limited central authority. Power is distributed between the central government and the states in a federal system, with each level of government having its own set of duties and responsibilities. The United States is an example of a federal form of government in which authority is shared between the central government and individual states.
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