In a two-compartment model of a cell with a K - and Cl --permeable membrane and a 10-fold excess of KCl in the inside compartment, how would the membrane potential change if all the beginning KCl solutions (including inside and outside) were replaced by NaCl

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

When the solutions (including inside and outside) were replaced by NaCl, the membrane potential changes from a negative value of -60 mV to a positive value of + 60 mV.

Explanation:

According to the Nernst equation the potential of the membrane for a two-compartment model of a cell for positive gradient of K⁺ ions is V = - 60 mVlogK'/K where K' = inside concentration of K⁺ ions and K = outside concentration of K⁺ ions. For a 10 fold excess of KCl in the inside compartment, K'/K = 10. So,

V = - 60 mVlogK'/K = - 60 mVlog10 = -60 mV.

For a negative gradient of Na ions is V = + 60 mVlogK'/K where K' = inside concentration of Na⁺ ions and K = outside concentration of Na⁺ ions. (Since the cell is selectively permeable to Na⁺ ions. So, Na ions to not flow out but in.)For a 10 fold excess of NaCl in the inside compartment, K'/K = 10. So,

V = + 60 mVlogK'/K = + 60 mVlog10 = +60 mV.

So, when the solutions (including inside and outside) were replaced by NaCl, the membrane potential changes from a negative value of -60 mV to a positive value of + 60 mV.


Related Questions

Process used when it is time for an
entire organism to reproduce

Answers

Answer: reproduction

Explanation: the process by which an organism produces its offspring is called reproduction.

The process used when it is time for an entire organism to reproduce is called MEIOSIS.

Meiosis is a type of reductional cell division by which a parental cell divides to produce four daughter cells having half of the genetic material (DNA) compared to the parent cell.

Meiosis is used by organisms with a sexual mode of reproduction to produce new organisms by a process called fertilization, which involves the fusion of two meiotic cells, one from each parent.

Germinal (sex) cells reproduce by meiosis, while somatic (body) cells reproduce by mitosis.

In conclusion, the process used when it is time for an entire organism to reproduce is called MEIOSIS.

Learn more in:

https://brainly.com/question/7002092

As the number of insects declines in the autumn as the leaves fall from trees, what would you expect to happen to bird populations?

Answers

Answer:

ئەگەر وڵامت زانی بە منیش بلێ هههههههه

Explanation:

Need answer for assignment asap.

Answers

D. Gravity and Saturated Soil

What do spider's use silk for?

Answers

To makes webs probably

Answer:

Spiders use their silk to make webs or other structures, which function as sticky nets to catch other animals, or as nests or cocoons to protect their offspring, or to wrap up prey.

Explanation:

Which pair of soil compounds does manure management balance?
nitrogen and ammonia
nitrogen and phosphorous
ammonia and phosphorous
potassium and phosphorous

Answers

Answer:

I think nitrogen and phosphorus

Match the characteristics below to either monocots or dicots.


________netted veins in leaves

________herbaceous or woody stem

________corn, asparagus, and grasses

________parallel veins in leaves

________only herbaceous

________beans, peaches, and potatoes

SEE ANSWERS BELOW>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Answers

wait I think we’re doing the same assignment-

A plant only requires the correct chemicals to make plant food

Answers

Answer:

this statement is true. I plant does in fact only require the correct chemicals to make plant food

This statement is true. Not really sure if it’s a question ‍♀️

How does a magnifying glass make an object look bigger and closer?​

Answers

Answer:

Any converging lens that has a small focal length (several centimeters) can be used as a magnifying glass. The observed object is placed in front of the magnifying glass so that it is located between the lens and the focus (closer to the focus).

Explanation:

It consists of only one condenser lens of small life (a few centimeters).

The observed object is placed between the magnifying glass and its focus (closer to the focus)

The observer sees an upright and enlarged figure of the object.

In order to like clear video ("sharpen"), the magnifier zooms in or out of the subject.

When the character is most clearly seen, we can find ourselves on a given high species.

For a man with normal eyesight, it is about 25 cm.

what is different between prokaryotic and eukaryotic​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

prokaryotes:

1] they have single chromosomes

2] they are unicellular

3] these are primitive and incomplete cells

4] they are found in bacteria and blue - green algae

eukaryotes:

1] they have more than 1 chromosomes

2] they are multicellular

3] these are advanced and complete cells

4] they are found in all living organisms except blue - green algae and bacteria

PLEASE MARK ME AS A BRAINLIST!!

Answer;

shortly:-The main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the presence of a nucleus, the size and complexity of the ribosomes, how the cells reproduce and the presence of a cell wall. Ribosomes: In eukaryotic cells, the ribosomes are bigger, more complex and bound by a membrane

but you need more explanation:-

Eukaryotic organisms are made out of cells that possess membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus. The genetic material of eukaryotic organisms is found within the nucleus of the cell and chromosomes are how the DNA is organized within the nucleus. Eukaryotic cells comprise both single-celled and multicellular forms of life. Eukaryotes compose the bodies of all protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

Eukaryotic cells display an impressive amount of diversity, and they are capable of being many different shapes and sizes. The structure of a eukaryotic cell is tied closely to its function. For example, the epithelial cells that make up the human body are usually divided into three different types: squamous, cuboidal, and columnar. Each of these different cell types has a different form that enables it to carry out its respective functionsEukaryotic cells may have the following parts:

   Cell wall (only plant cells)

   Plasma membrane

   Nucleolus

   Nucleus

   Chromosomes

   Vesicles

   Golgi apparatus

   Ribosomes

   Endoplasmic reticulum

   Cytoplasm (and cytoskeleton)

   Lysosomes

   Mitochondria

   Centrioles

   Chloroplasts (only plant cells)

Prokaryotic cells are almost always much smaller than eukaryotic cells. The size of a prokaryotic cell is usually around 1 µm, while the size of animal cells and plant cells are usually between 10 to 100 µm. Because eukaryotic cells are much larger than prokaryotic cells, they have evolved special methods of transporting substances around the cell that bacteria don’t have.

but

Eukaryotic organisms are made out of cells that possess membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus. The genetic material of eukaryotic organisms is found within the nucleus of the cell and chromosomes are how the DNA is organized within the nucleus. Eukaryotic cells comprise both single-celled and multicellular forms of life. Eukaryotes compose the bodies of all protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

Eukaryotic cells display an impressive amount of diversity, and they are capable of being many different shapes and sizes. The structure of a eukaryotic cell is tied closely to its function. For example, the epithelial cells that make up the human body are usually divided into three different types: squamous, cuboidal, and columnar. Each of these different cell types has a different form that enables it to carry out its respective functions.

The distinction between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is based upon two theories regarding the role of cells in biology. Cell theory states that all living things are made out of cells, and biogenesis theory proposes that all living cells came from other existing cells, so cells cannot spontaneously arise from non-living things (abiogenesis). For cells to comprise all the life we see on Earth they must be able to organize proteins and other chemical compounds. Individual cells are capable of keeping chemical processes isolated and compartmentalized so one chemical process doesn’t interfere with another chemical process, which runs the risk of disrupting the delicate chemical balance of the cell and leading to cell death.

   “A cell is regarded as the true biological atom.” — George Henry Lewes

To keep the chemical processes within a cell isolated and organized, cell components stay enclosed within a membrane that serves as the barrier between the interior of the cell and the cell’s environment. The membrane of a cell is selectively permeable, meaning that the cell will allow some chemical compounds into the cell and not others. The membrane of the cell is made out of a phospholipid bilayer, two groups of lipids arrayed in layers and facing opposite directions. Smaller compounds can penetrate the phospholipid bilayer, but larger compounds must enter the cell using a pore in the cell membrane.

The cell membrane has various methods of regulating how chemicals move in and out of the cell. Diffusion refers to the tendency of molecules at high concentrations to distribute out to areas of lower concentration until the concentrations across the two areas equalize. Osmosis is similar to diffusion, but it refers to the movement of a solvent across a boundary instead of a solute. This helps to equalize a solute that can’t move through a boundary. Selective transport, the movement of molecules within the cell, is handled by both membrane pumps and membrane channels.

PLEASE HELP

Which two specialized structures allow fish to live in water?
O A. Fins
B. Gills
C. Bones
O D. Lungs

Answers

B and A

i

am

right

so

trust

me

i

swear

on

my

mama

this

is

correct

my

g

QUICK: life on earth is greatly impacted by photosynthetic organisms. what do such organisms contribute to living organisms?

Answers

They produce oxygen for the other living organisms

ATP is important because it powers our what?

PLZ HELPP

Answers

Answer:

ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. It is a molecule found in the cells of living organisms. It is said to be very important because it transports the energy necessary for all cellular metabolic activities. Without ATP, various metabolic activities in the human body cannot take place.

Explanation:

Worldwide, renewable energy is the fastest growing source of energy yet it only
provides 10% of our total energy. Explain two positives and two negatives associated
with renewable resources.

Answers

Answer with Explanation:

Positive

1. They don't create too much pollution, which makes them "clean."

It allows us to have a clean air because there's no need of burning them just like the fossil fuels (non-renewable).

2. They don't cost too much to run.

The supply of these resources doesn't cost anything at all. For example, solar energy relies on the heat of the sun. The sun's heat is definitely free and can be found in most sunny places.

Negative

1. Setting up is expensive.

An example of this is the "wind turbine" that costs millions of dollars in order to set up.

2. The output is affected by many factors.

Depending on the kind of renewable resource, most of these are affected by many factors. For example, wind turbines rely on wind's blowing while the hydroelectric powers can be affected by drought.

Hello. Please help me. It’s due in 30 minutes! :)

What do we call the changing in magnetism as we move out from the center of a mid-ocean ridge?
Plate tectonic systems
Continental creep
Faulty ground flow
Magnetic reversal

Answers

Answer:

Continental Creep

Explanation:

The definition of Continental Creep is:

Continental drift is the hypothesis that the Earth's continents have moved over geologic time relative to each other, thus appearing to have "drifted" across the ocean bed. The speculation that continents might have 'drifted' was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596.

Which should hopefully help me explain my answer a little better.

Sorry it took so long to answer,

Hope this helps!

idk if thats better but okay

Answers

Answer:

A!

Explanation:

For this, I used process of elimination!

Lipids use most energy, and nucleic acids store RNA and DNA, which is hereditary information. None of the other answer included that, so A should be correct!

I hope this is enough, but I can help more if you'd like!

fox's diploid number of chromosomes is 36. How would the number of chromosomes in the fox's body cells compare to the number of chromosomes in its gametes?

Answers

Answer: body cells have twice as many chromosomes as gametes

Explanation: gametes are haploid. Somatic cells are diploid

What is diffusion? HeLP mEE

Answers

It’s two things splitting apart or separating

Answer:

Diffusion is the set movement of anything from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Explanation:

Please mark my answer as a brainliest. ❤❤❤❤❤

20 Pts .....

Write your list of electrical objects and their sources of electrical current.

Answers

Answer:

blow dryer

refrigerator

phone

Xbox

Explanation:

they all use electrical current

fridge
lights
running water
stove
toaster

need an awnser asap!!
What is the purpose of beach nourishment? Select the two correct answers. (1 point)
O to mitigate beach erosion for a period of time
O to replenish sand on a beach U to help ocean life survive after beach erosion
O to stop all beach erosion from occurring
O to remove sand from a beach to offshore​

Answers

The purpose of beach nourishment is

B. to replenish sand on a beach

A. to mitigate beach erosion for a period of time

Beach nourishment is the process of placing additional sediment on a beach or in the nearshore. A wider and higher beach can give storm protection for coastal structures, create new habitates, and strengthen the beach for recreation.

The purpose of beach nourishment is  

To mitigate beach erosion for a period of timeTo replenish sand on a beach U to help ocean life survive after beach erosion.

What is Beach nourishment?

This involves the addition of extra sediment on a beach or in the nearshore.This is usually facilitated by wind and water.

Beach nourishment helps to check erosion and replenish sand and other nutrients.

Read more about Beach nourishment here https://brainly.com/question/13683713

____determine the carrying capacity of an environment for a species.
HELP PLEASE

Answers

Limiting Factors
A limiting factor determines the carrying capacity for a species. A limiting factor can be any biotic or abiotic factor: nutrient, space, and water availability are examples. The size of a population is tied to its limiting factor.

(hope this helped. have a nice day)

Limiting resources like adequate food, shelter, water, mating partner, etc. determine the carrying capacity of an environment for a species.

What do you mean by Carrying capacity?

Carrying capacity may be defined as the maximum number of individuals of a particular species that can be supported by the habitat. The carrying capacity of any habitat mostly depends on the following two factors:

The food to eat.The space to live.

The Carrying capacity of the same habitat may be different for different species. It significantly depends on how a species utilizes the resources which are present in the habitat. These resources are limited in terms of availability and could be consists of biotic and abiotic factors.

Therefore, limiting resources like adequate food, shelter, water, mating partner, etc. determine the carrying capacity of an environment for a species.

To learn more about Carrying capacity, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/14645317

#SPJ2

about _?_ percent of the solar energy that reaches the outer atmosphere is absorbed at the earth’s surface

a - 20
b - 30
c - 50
d - 70


Answers

Answer:

50

Explanation:

Which environmental factor could lead to a decrease in genetic variation in a population of tuna?
an increase in food availability
an increase in pollution
a decrease in tuna fishing
a decrease in tuna predators

Answers

Answer:

The environmental factor that could lead to a decrease in genetic variation in a tuna population is an increase in pollution (second option).

Explanation:

There is a correlation between genetic variability and environmental pollution, the latter being a factor that impacts negatively on the variability of a specific population.

The concept of pollution stress not only implies a low rate of reproduction, but it is also a factor that prevents genetic exchange with other populations, which is a factor that makes the genetic variability decrease in a population.

For these reasons an increase in pollution implies a decrease in genetic variability in a tuna population.

Other options, such as an increase in food availability, a decrease in tuna fishing or a decrease in tuna predators, are environmental factors that contribute to increased genetic variability.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Took the Test

Which animal had to eat the most frequently in order to maintain its energy
level?
A. Rattlesnake
B. Small fish
C. Hummingbird
O D. Kangaroo rat

Answers

Answer:D

Explanation:

Answer:

C. Hummingbird Have a great night or day

Explanation:

100% correct A P 3 X I just did the assessment i got all the answers right :)

QUICK : plants are critical to maintaining the conditions on earth required for most living organisms. what do they producdr that is so critical for tbejt survival and the survival of other organisms?
-O2, glucose, H2O
-O2 glucose
-CO2, O2, pyruvate

Answers

Answer:

O2 and glucose

Explanation:

plant use carbon dioxide sunlight nutrients and water to create oxygen for animals and glucouse as its own food source

Question 9 of 25
Which is an example of current electricity?
A. Positively charged particles are attracted to negatively charged
particles.
OB. Negative and positive electric charges build up in different regions
of a cloud.
OC. Electrons flow from an outlet into a toaster, causing it to heat a
slice of bread.
OD. A person rubs a shoe on a rug, causing extra electrons to be
transferred to the shoe.

Answers

Answer:

D. a person runs a shoe on a rug, causing extra electrons to be transferred to the shoe

Answer: C. electrons flow from an outlet into a toaster causing it to heat a slice of bread

Explanation:

A PEX

Structures represented in the illustration below are found in the lower epidermis of a plant leaf. The illustration shows the response to a certain environmental condition. What are the structures that point T and Q and what would the response represented in the illustration most likely be caused by?

Answers

Answer: I think it's the third one: Letter Q points to the guard cell. Letter T points to the stomata and the response is most likely due to the humid tropical nature of the enviorment.

Answer:

Letter Q points to a guard cell. Letter T points to the stomata. The response is most likely due to little available water.

Explanation:

In the picture, the stomata appears to be closed. This means that its preserving water.

Lots of points any one knos

Answers

The other person is incorrect, it is D, the real monomers are nucleotides

2. What happens in the thylakoid?

A. Krebs Cycle

D. Calvin Cycle/light independent reactions

C. light reactions/light dependent reactions

B. Glycolic Cycle​

Answers

C.Light reactions/light dependent reactions

*(I WILL GIVE BRAINIEST TO RIGHT ANSWER)* The diagram below shows a portion of the concept map for the rock cycle: ​

Answers

Answer: it B

Explanation: sorr if it wrong

Answer:

Hi there the answer to this is heat and pressure the answer you selected is correct

Explanation:

Heat and pressure are what helps the rock turn into metamorphic before turns back to sedimentary. What it does is that it creates new minerals in the rock once it hits metamorphic rock.

Hope this helped :)

some fruits and vegetables reproduce through a process is called?

Answers

Answer:

Fretiliaztion

Explanation:

Other Questions
Which European group controlled regions in the middle of North America?The image shows a map of North America and the nations that controlled its territories in 1754. There is a compass rose in the lower left corner. North is at the top of the map. South is at the bottom. West is on the left. East is on the right. The British controlled territory on the right and top of the map around the Hudson Bay. They also controlled small regions on the bottom right of the map. The French controlled territory on the right and center of the map. The Spanish controlled most of the territory on the left and bottom of the map. The Russians controlled territory on the top left of the map and a small region in the top right of the map.Question 1 options:BritishFrenchSpanishRussian i need help please lol Find the distance between the two points rounding to the nearest tenth (if necessary).(1, -5) and (4, -1) Based on your knowledge of social studies, in what historical context was this poster produced?A) the Cold WarB) the Great DepressionC) the Progressive EraD) the Second World War PLEASE HURRY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! God bless merry Christmas and happy new year and stay safe and good luck in life! God bless yall! :) find the coordinates of the centroid of the triangle with the given vertices. D(-4, -2), E(1, 0), F(9, 5) In costal regions, some animals live above sea level and other animals live in the ocean. A sea star can be found at an ocean depth of two feet. How can you represent an ocean depth of two feet? 1.What do you know 2.What do you need to find 3.What is the answer PLiss i really need help pliss, plisss 3.3^(2x+1)-103^x+1=0 need solution of this question The table below shows the elements that mainly comprise each of the four layers of Earth:Elements in LayersLayer Main ElementsCrust Oxygen, SiliconMantle Iron, MagnesiumOuter Core Iron, NickelInner Core IronWhich of these elements make up the layer that is 0.2 to 1.1 percent of Earth's total diameter?Magnesium and SiliconIron and MagnesiumIron and NickelOxygen and Silicon Name a critical thinking character (other than Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, and sherlock homes) Describe a revisionary movement and provide an example. What does a base release when it is dissolved? Select the correct answer. I offer Mrs. Patel, my friend's mom, some hot chai. I am proud to have mastered the South Asian art of making tea with milk, sugar, and spice. Today, I am excited to have a native of India try my tea. I even pull out a tray and my nicest mug to treat my guest with the utmost respect. Her eyes become wide as she takes the mug from the tray. "Wow! Even the mugs are twice the size we have back home," she utters, gasping. "Do you mind serving me only half a cup?" I give in to her request and offer her half a mug of tea. That is when I realize that everything around me is bigger and more than it should be. I think about my walk-in closet overstocked with clothes I hardly wear. This is just the beginning of my realization. Like many of my peers, I have become wasteful.Which of these sentences would the author most likely agree with?A. It is important to have different sizes of mugs.B. We must visit other countries while we are young.C. People should only have what they really need.D. People should try drinking more flavors of hot tea. Cho is making a rectangular garden, where the length is x feet and the width is 6x + 6 feet. He wants to add garden stones around the perimeter of the garden once he is done. If the garden is 6 feet long, how many feet will Cho need to cover with garden stones? Cho will need to cover _______ feet with garden stones. Question #3: Complete the statement below to show the correct value of 100%. Part A: The expression 100 3 = 10 because 100 = 102 and = 101 = 10. Po Part B: When simplified, the answer is rational irrational Help please Use the following figure to find the answer The Battle of Gonzales marked: A. The beginning of the Texas Revolution. B. The end of the war for independence. C. The slaughter of some 350 Texans. D. A victory for Mexican troops under Santa Anna. ASAP!!!!!!HELP!!!!!! 30 POINTSCreate 3 questions for the topic "Stone ages,Nile Valley Civilization and Greek Civilization",and provide the choices and the correct answer.(Chinese stone ages and stuffs but write in english)Example:How long does foxes live for?a. 10 yearsb. 20 yearsc. 30 years Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb.Uds.en las fiestas? (bailar)