In the early part of this century, the drug company, Merck, produced a powerful non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) known as Vioxx. Vioxx was very effective in reducing pain due to arthritis and, unlike some NSAIDs, did not cause digestive system or liver problems. However, a couple of years after Vioxx was introduced to the market, some independent studies showed a possible connection between NSAIDs and increased risk of heart attack in the elderly. Since many arthritis sufferers (and many Vioxx users) are elderly, these studies were a cause of concern.

To test whether this was the case for Vioxx, Merck conducted a large-scale study in which 3025 randomly selected elderly Vioxx users were put on the drug while 2875 were given a placebo. The volunteers were monitored for 18 months. During this time, 334 of the Vioxx group members and 272 members of the placebo group suffered heart attacks.

Required:
a. Compute by hand a 90% confidence interval for the difference in heart attack risk between Vioxx users and non-Vioxx users (the placebo group.)
b. Interpret the interval. What action does it suggest should be taken regarding Vioxx?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

a

[tex]0.0028  < p_1 - p_2  < 0.0288[/tex]

b

The  interval means that there is 90% confidence that the true difference between the proportion of Vioxx users who suffered from heart attack  and the non-Vioxx users (the placebo group  ) who suffered from heart attack  lie within the interval

The  use of Vioxx drug should be stopped

Step-by-step explanation:

From the question we are told that

   The sample size for Vioxx users is  [tex]n_1 = 3025[/tex]

   The second sample size for placebo is  [tex]n_2 =  2875[/tex]

   The number of Vioxx users that suffered heart attack is  [tex]k  = 334[/tex]

     The number of non-Vioxx users that suffered heart attack is  [tex]g  = 272[/tex]

    Generally the  sample proportion for Vioxx users is mathematically represented as

      [tex]\r p_1 =  \frac{k}{n_1}[/tex]

=>   [tex]\r p_1 =  \frac{334}{3025}[/tex]

=>   [tex]\r p_1 =  0.11041 [/tex]

    Generally the  sample proportion for placebo users is mathematically represented as

       [tex]\r p_2 =  \frac{g}{n_2}[/tex]

=>   [tex]\r p_2 =  \frac{272}{2875}[/tex]

=>   [tex]\r p_2 =  0.09461 [/tex]  

Generally the confidence level is 90% , then the level of significance is  [tex]\alpha =  (100-90)\%[/tex]

=>   [tex]\alpha =  0.10[/tex]

Generally the critical value of  [tex]\frac{\alpha }{2}[/tex] from the normal distribution table  is  

     [tex]Z_{\frac{\alpha }{2} } =  1.645[/tex]

Generally the standard error is mathematically represented as

      [tex]SE =  \sqrt{\frac{\r p_1 (1- \r p_1)}{n_1} + \frac{\r p_2 (1- \r p_2)}{n_2} }[/tex]

=>  [tex]SE =  \sqrt{\frac{0.11041 (1- 0.11041)}{3025} + \frac{0.09461 (1-0.09461)}{2875} }[/tex]

=>  [tex]SE = 0.0079[/tex]

Generally the margin of error is mathematically represented as

    [tex] E=  Z_{\frac{\alpha }{2} } *  SE[/tex]

=>  [tex] E=  1.645  *  0.0079[/tex]  

=>  [tex] E=  0.013[/tex]  

Generally the 90%  confidence interval is mathematically represented as

     [tex]0.11041 - 0.09461- 0.013 < p_1 - p_2  < 0.11041 - 0.09461+ 0.013 [/tex]

=>       [tex]0.0028  < p_1 - p_2  < 0.0288[/tex]

The  interval means that there is 90% confidence that the true difference between the proportion of Vioxx users who suffered from heart attack  and the non-Vioxx users (the placebo group  )  lie within the interval

Looking at the interval we see that proportion of Vioxx users who suffered is  more compared to  non-Vioxx users (the placebo group  )[i.e the both limit of the interval is  positive ] hence the  use of Vioxx drug should be stopped


Related Questions

An object is moving at a speed of 6 miles per month. Express this speed in feet per hour

Answers

Answer:

44 feet/hour

Step-by-step explanation:

6mi/month(5280ft/1mi)(1month/30days)(1day/24hrs)

Assuming the month has 30 days, object moves at 44 feet/hour. You want all the units to cancel till you get the ones you need, in this case feet/hr.

what is Hola, soy el chico nuevo de la clase y me gustan los coches, in english, and what is 100x100x38

Answers

Answer:380000

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

Hi, I'm the new kid in class and I like cars AND 380000

Step-by-step explanation:

Two​ shooters, Rodney and​ Philip, practice at a shooting range. They fire rounds each at separate targets. The targets are marked with circles and each bullet hitting a particular circle gets them a particular number of points. rounds are selected at random. The sample mean scores of Rodney and Philip are and ​, respectively.​ And, their variances are and ​, respectively. The standard error of the difference between their mean scores is . 13. ​(Round your answer to two decimal places​.) The​ 95% confidence interval for the difference between the mean scores of Rodney and Philip​ is

Answers

Complete Question

Answer:

a

  [tex]SE  = 0.66}[/tex]

b

[tex] -3.29 <  \mu_1 - \mu_2 <  -0.70[/tex]  

Step-by-step explanation:

From the question we are told that

  The sample size is  n  = 60

   The first sample mean is  [tex]\= x _1  =  8[/tex]

    The second sample mean is   [tex]\= x _2  =  10[/tex]

    The first variance is  [tex]v_1 =  0.25[/tex]

    The first variance is  [tex]v_2 =  0.55[/tex]

Given that  the confidence level is 95% then the level of significance is 5% =  0.05

Generally from the normal distribution table the critical value  of  [tex]\frac{\alpha }{2}[/tex] is  

   [tex]Z_{\frac{\alpha }{2} } =  1.96[/tex]

Generally the first standard deviation is  

     [tex]\sigma_1 =  \sqrt{v_1}[/tex]

=>   [tex]\sigma_1 =  \sqrt{0.25}[/tex]

=>   [tex]\sigma_1 =  0.5[/tex]

Generally the second standard deviation is

     [tex]\sigma_2 =  \sqrt{v_2}[/tex]

=>   [tex]\sigma_2 =  \sqrt{0.55}[/tex]

=>   [tex]\sigma_2 =  0.742 [/tex]    

Generally the first standard error is

     [tex]SE_1  =  \frac{\sigma_1}{\sqrt{n} }[/tex]

      [tex]SE_1  =  \frac{0.5}{\sqrt{60} }[/tex]

     [tex]SE_1  =  0.06[/tex]

Generally the second standard error is

     [tex]SE_2  =  \frac{\sigma_2}{\sqrt{n} }[/tex]

      [tex]SE_2  =  \frac{0.742}{\sqrt{60} }[/tex]

     [tex]SE_2  =  0.09[/tex]

Generally the standard error of the difference between their mean scores is mathematically represented as    

      [tex]SE  =  \sqrt{SE_1^2 + SE_2^2 }[/tex]

=>     [tex]SE  =  \sqrt{0.06^2 +0.09^2 }[/tex]

=>     [tex]SE  = 0.66}[/tex]

Generally 95% confidence interval is mathematically represented as  

      [tex](\= x_1 -\= x_2) -(Z_{\frac{\alpha }{2} } *  SE) <  \mu_1 - \mu_2 <  (\= x_1 -\= x_2) +(Z_{\frac{\alpha }{2} } *  SE)[/tex]

=> [tex](8 -10) -(1.96 *  0.66) <  \mu_1 - \mu_2 <  (8-10) +(Z_{\frac{\alpha }{2} } *  0.66)[/tex]  

=>  [tex] -3.29 <  \mu_1 - \mu_2 <  -0.70[/tex]  

 

Are the ratios 1:2 and 14:18 equivalent?

Answers

Answer:

no

Step-by-step explanation: 1:2 is like half of the whole so basically what i mean is the first number has to be half of the second number for example 2:4 or 4:8

Answer:

No

Step-by-step explanation:

If these ratios were equivalent the second would read 14:24. So if the first ratio was 1:3 the second would read 14:42.

How do you do this question?

Answers

Answer: Choice A

Explanation:

The sequence converges to a nonzero value, so as n gets very large, the partial sums will grow forever (since we're effectively adding at least 1 to each term regardless how large n gets)

The reason why [tex]s_n[/tex] approaches 1 is because the 1/n term goes to 0 when n gets very large.

What is the answer for 1/2(2a+4)

Answers

Answer:

a+2

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

the answer is 3a

Step-by-step explanation:

first you have to think about  pemdas which means you have to do parenthises first so 2a+4=6a and then 6a multiplied by 1/2 wich eqauls 3 and then you add the a and now you have you have your final answer.

Simplify the expression 10+ (a + 9)

Answers

Answer:

19+a

Step-by-step explanation:

Check all of the irrational numbers.

Answers

Answer:

√36, √17, 0.33333...., 1.2874....

Step-by-step explanation:

irrational numbers - a number that cannot be exactly expressed as a ratio of two integers.

Select each transformation that carries a square onto itself.

Answers

Answer:

b,c,d

Step-by-step explanation:

cus I said so and it's right

You and your friend start a typing class at the same time. You measure your speed weekly in words per minute (WPM) on a class chart. If the trend continues, after how many weeks can you expect to type as quickly as your friend? What will that WPM be?


A. 6 weeks;28 WPM

B. 6 weeks; 31 WPM

C. 7 weeks;31 WPM

D. 7weeks;34 WPM

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is 7 weeks 34 WPM

Step-by-step explanation:

The number of weeks and words typed will be D. 7weeks;34 WPM

Based on the information given, the formula to calculate my words per minutes = 13 + 3n

The formula to calculate my friend's words per minutes = 20 + 2n

Therefore, we'll equate both equations together and this will be:

13 + 3n = 20 + 2n

Collect like terms

3n - 2n = 20 - 13

n = 7.

Therefore, the WPM will be:

= 13 + 3n

= 13 + 3(7)

= 13 + 21

= 34

The number of weeks and words typed will be 7weeks;34 WPM

Read related link on:

https://brainly.com/question/18314140b

in 3 1/2 months John collected a debt of $70.00. What was the average amount of debt John collected per month?​

Answers

Answer:

The average amount of debt John collected per month is $20/ month

Step-by-step explanation:

Given;

total debt collected by John, = $70.00

total number of months, = 3 1/2 months  = 7/2 months

The average amount of debt John collected per month is given by;

[tex]Average \ amount \ per \ month = \frac{Total \ amount \ of \ debt}{total \ number \ of \ months} \\\\Average \ amount \ per \ month =\frac{70}{1} *(\frac{2}{7} )\\\\Average \ amount \ per \ month = \$20 \ / month[/tex]

Therefore, the average amount of debt John collected per month is $20/ month

Alright, -3r + 4(-3r + 2) = 53 how do I break it down and solve??

Answers

Answer:

r = -3

Step-by-step explanation:

-3r + 4(-3r +2) = 53

-3r + -12r + 8 = 53

                -8     -8

-3r + -12r = 45

-15r = 45

Divide both sides by -15 to get

r = -3

Answer:

r = -3

Step-by-step explanation:

expand 4(-3r+2)

= -12r+8

add similar variables

= -15r+8=53

subtract 8 from both sides

= -15r+8-8=53-8

simplify

= -15r=45

divide 45 by -15

= -3

Need help!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

9514 1404 393

Answer:

  a) GH or HG

  b) KL

  c) YZ or ZY

  d) EF

Step-by-step explanation:

A segment or line can be named by naming two points on it in any order. The points naming a line segment are its end points.

A ray is named by first naming its end point, then any other point on the ray.

a) GH or HG

b) KL

c) YZ or ZY

d) EF

On a number line, the coordinate of X is 52, the coordinate of Y
is 121, the coordinate of Zis-21 and the coordinate of Wis 25.
Is XY = ZW? Explain your reasoning.

Answers

Answer:

No

Step-by-step explanation:

since the magnitude of xy ≠ zw,

|x-y| = xy = |52-121|= 69, |z-w| = zw = |-21-25| = 46

69 ≠ 46

The linear equation y=-2 is a horizontal line and has an undefined slope true or false

Answers

Answer:

False

Step-by-step explanation:

Although it is true that y=-2 is a horizontal line, it does not have an undefined slope. Because it is a horizontal line, it has a slope of 0.

The value of 2 in 724,638, is 20,00p?

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

total value would be 20,000

place value is hundreds of thousands

that's my opinion cuz I didn't fully understand it but I tried thanks

y-intercept of (-2,2) and (-5,-4)

Answers

Answer:

-8

Step-by-step explanation:

why does paramcium never die​

Answers

Answer:

the paracium never dies because it keeps on reproducing

Step-by-step explanation:

the paracium lets say it starts as 1

and then taht 1 divides inti

1/2 and 1/2 and that 1/2 turns into 1

and it keeps on dividing and multiplying

Determine the variables tested in each of the following experiments. If applicable, determine and identify any positive or negative controls. A study is being done to test the effects of habitat space on the size of fish populations. Different sized aquariums are set up with six goldfish in each one. Over a period of six months, the fish are fed the same type and amount of food. The aquariums are equally maintained and cleaned throughout the experiment. The temperature of the water is kept constant. At the end of the experiment, the number of surviving fish are surveyed. A. Independent Variable: B. Dependent Variable: C. Controls:

Answers

Answer:

Independent Variable- size of aquariums

Dependent variable - number of surviving fish

Controls: nil

Step-by-step explanation:

In every experiment, the independent variable is manipulated and its effect on the dependent variable is observed as certain factors are kept constant.

In this study, the independent variable is the size of the aquariums. As this factor is manipulated, the number of surviving fish (dependent variable) changed accordingly. There was no mention of a control group in the experiment.

However, temperature, amount of food and type of food were held constant for all the experimental groups.

Correct pair

3x+5y=6
4x+2y=-6

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

6x + 10y = 12

-20x - 10y = 30

-14x = 42

x = -3

4(-3) + 2y = -6

-12 + 2y = -6

2y = 6

y = 3

(-3, 3)

Juanita has fewer than 80 coins in her coin collection. She noticed that she can divide her coins evenly into groups of 3, 5, 15, or 25.​

How many coins does she have?

Answers

Find the LCM

3 = 3 times 1

5 = 5 times 1

15 = 5 times 3

25 = 5 times 5

Because they have one 5 and one 3 in common...

5 times 3 times 5 = 75.

She has 75 coins.

What is the least common denominator for 2/7 & 9/10

Answers

7 is prime so the least common denominator is 7 times 2 times 5 which is 70.

Find the point slope of the line passing through the given points(use the first point (x1,y1)
(-3,4),(2,5)

Answers

Answer: y - 4 = 1/5 * (x+3)

Step-by-step explanation:

Which power of 10 is equal to 1,000,000?

Answers

Answer:

it is 10 to the power of 6, so your answer is 6

Step-by-step explanation:

scale factor of 2 to 3.5 inches

Answers

the answer is 1.75 because 3.5/2 is 1.75

Describe the Transformation and CHOOSE ALL THE
CORRECT ANSWERS! (MORE THAN 1 RIGHT
ANSWER).
f(x) = -2(x+3) 3 - 3

Answers

since f(x) does not have a value, it’s going to be 0. 0= -2(x+3)3-3, multiply the 3 and -2 0=-6(x+3)-3, 0=-6x-18-3, 6x+0=-6x-21+6x, 6x/6=-21/6, x= -7/2

when conducting a perpendicular line through point of a line, how can you verify that the line contested is perpendicular?

Answers

Answer:

C. Check the intersecting lines with the corner of a piece of paper to ensure the lines create 90° angles. Took the test just now and got it right

Step-by-step explanation:

A sample has an n of 99. What is the df of this sample?

Answers

Answer:  The correct answer is:  " 98 " .

______________________________________

Step-by-step explanation:

______________________________________

In this case, "degrees of freedom" , or "df":

  "df" = n - 1 ;  

  in which:  "n = the numeric value of the sample size."

   Given:  "n = 99" ;  we can plug that value into the formula:

         "df" = n - 1 = 99 - 1 = 98 .

______________________________________

Choose the justification for each step in the solution to the given equation.

Answers

Answer:

addition property of equality, subtraction property of equality, simplified, division property of equality and simplified.

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

1  given

2  Combining like terms  

3    addition property of equality

4   simplification

5   division property of equality

6   simplification

Step-by-step explanation:

In step 2, the like terms of x and x were combined and simplified to -2x.

In step 3, adding 7 to both sides of the equation to isolate the variable term is justified by the addition property of equality.

In step 4, the constants are combined on each side for simplification.

In step 5, dividing both sides of the equation by -2 to isolate the variable is justified by the division property of equality.

In step 6, simplification results in the solution of x = 4.

quotient of Fraction 3 over 4 divided byFraction 3 over 4 .

Answers

Answer:

1

Step-by-step explanation:

The equation would look like this: ¾ ÷ ¾

When dividing fractions, you always flip the second one to receive the reciprocal, so the equation now looks like this: ¾ ÷ 4/3

If you cross simplify, the answer will end up being 1.

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