In this exercise you will write a program to encrypt and decrypt files using Caesar (shift) cipher and write the result in a new file. You will also perform a brute force attack using a dictionary to decrypt a message. You can read about the Caesar’s cipher or more generally shift ciphers at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher.
Use Java or Python 3 to implement your program.
The program will be run using command line with the following options:
java program_name –e key
(python)
The program encrypts the file that follows –e option using the key k (an integer) and stores the result in the file indicated as output file.
java program_name –d key
python
The program decrypts the file that follows –d option using the key (an integer) and stores the result in the file indicated as output file.
java program_name –c
python
The program cracks the file that follows –c by brute forcing the key and displays the result(s) on the screen along with the key(s) that is (are) used to get the result(s).
The non-alphabetic characters in the texts (numeric, punctuation, space, etc.) will stay intact after encryption and decryption. You can convert the message into all upper or lower case and work with only one case.
Think Make sure that your program is robust; that it does not crash on unexpected inputs. Thin about what kind of errors may come up in your program; list them all and handle them in your program.
Hint on brute-forcing:
When cracking a file, try all possible keys and for each decrypted text, check the words in it against a dictionary to see what percentage is in the dictionary. If say a 80% (or a threshold that you determine) or more are found in the dictionary, then you probably cracked the code. Display the result on the screen. Display all results that are at or above the threshold. A dictionary file is provided in the dropbox.

In other words, the action 10 + 8 will result in an overflow error and indicate a potential outcome of the number representation that the software utilized.

The range of the greatest value that the program can store is shown as  2^2+2^1+2^0=7.

As the program uses 3 bits to represent integers, the result of adding two decimal base 10 numbers, 10 and 8, is expressed as 18 (10010).

The 3-bit integer cannot store this much information, hence an overflow fault has occurred.

When a program receives a number, value, or variable that it is not designed to manage, an overflow error occurs in computing. Programmers occasionally make mistakes of this nature, especially when working with integers or other numerically based variables.

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The Java byte code for a program called Demo is translated in Demo.class one of the following.

A Java class file is a file with the class extension that contains Java bytecode and may be executed by the JVM. In Java, bytecode refers to a set of instructions for the Java Virtual Machine. Bytecode is a term for code that runs on any platform. Bytecode is a category of code that falls between low-level and high-level languages. After compilation, the Java code is transformed into bytecode that can be executed by a Java Virtual Machine on any computer (JVM).

Through the use of the javac compiler, bytecode is created from Java source code. The bytecode is saved to the hard drive with the. class file extension. When the program is about to run, the bytecode is transformed using the just-in-time method.

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The correct option is A. The program shows the number of times the target appears in the list appropriately. The count() method in python returns the number of times the specified element appears in the list.

The syntax of the count() method is list.count(element)

The count() method takes a single argument i. e. element - the element to be counted. It returns the number of times element appears in the list.

Python is renowned for having a simple syntax, quick implementation, and—most importantly—a significant amount of support for various data structures. One of the Python data structures that makes it possible to store a lot of sequential data in a single variable is the list. Given that variable stores a lot of data, it can be challenging to manually determine whether a given element is included in the lists and, if so, how many times.

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A piece of software written in the Java language that operates independently on either a client or a server is known as an application and all Java application programs must contain (B) a method called main.

A Java application is a piece of software created in the language and runs standalone on either a client or a server.

The Java programs have full access to all of the system's computing resources since the JVM interprets the commands and runs the program in the JRE.

A method called main is a must for all Java application programs.

Java is often used to create development-related software tools.

For instance, Java is used to write and develop IDEs like Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, and Net Beans.

These are also the desktop GUI-based tools that are currently the most widely used.

Therefore, a piece of software written in the Java language that operates independently on either a client or a server is known as an application and all Java application programs must contain (B) a method called main.

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The java.util package contains the Scanner class, which is used to gather user input.

We can utilize any of the various methods listed in the Scanner class documentation by creating an object of the class and using it.

The java.util package contains the Scanner class, which is used to gather user input.

You can utilize any of the various methods listed in the Scanner class documentation by creating an object of the class and using it.

Therefore, The java.util package contains the Scanner class, which is used to gather user input.

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You should reuse two of your above created functions so that you do not duplicate your code ; def roc_curve_computer(true_labels, prediction_probabilities, thresholds).

A function is a set of instructions that performs a specific task. It is a part of a program that can take input and produce output. Functions are used to break down large tasks into smaller and more manageable tasks. This helps to make code more readable and organized. Functions are also used to reduce code duplication, making it easier to maintain and debug programs.

def roc_curve_computer(true_labels, prediction_probabilities, thresholds):

   tpr = []

   fpr = []

    for thresh in thresholds:

       predictions = get_predictions(prediction_probabilities, thresh)

       tpr.append(calculate_recall(true_labels, predictions))

       fpr.append(calculate_false_positive_rate(true_labels, predictions))

        return tpr, fpr  

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Answer:

C!

Explanation: i don't know

The top of the monitor should be just below eye level. The correct option is C.

It is ideal for the screen's center to be 17 to 18 degrees below eye level. The best field of view is provided by this position since our eyes can see more below the horizontal point than above it.

For the most ergonomic arrangement, it is typically advised that the top of the display be placed just below eye level.

This can facilitate a more comfortable posture when using the computer and lessen pressure on the neck and eyes.

The risk of eye strain, neck and back pain, and other musculoskeletal diseases brought on by extended computer use can be decreased with proper ergonomic display arrangement.

Thus, the correct option is C.

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The sum of the two hexadecimal numbers (2AF6)16 and (7017)16 is (9B0D)16.

1. Convert the hexadecimal numbers to binary:
(2AF6)16 = (0010 1010 1111 0110)2
(7017)16 = (0111 0000 0001 0111)2

2. Add the two binary numbers:
0010 1010 1111 0110
+ 0111 0000 0001 0111
= 1001 1011 0000 1101

3. Convert the binary sum back to hexadecimal:
(1001 1011 0000 1101)2 = (9B0D)16

4. Check for overflow:
Since the sum is a valid 16-bit number, there is no overflow.

Therefore, the sum of the two hexadecimal numbers (2AF6)16 and (7017)16 is (9B0D)16.

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True. Focus forecasting is a method of forecasting that compares and tests the effectiveness of many forecasting models to ascertain which one is most appropriate for a certain application.

Combination forecasting is a methodology for making predictions that chooses the best forecast from a collection made using straightforward methods. When multiple types of information are added to the forecasting process by the various approaches being combined, combination forecasting is at its most successful.

Trend projection is the most accurate way for predicting demand. Trends are essentially shifts in product demand over a specific time period. Hence, retailers who use trend projection.

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In the following statement auto cost = 14.95;, the C++11 compiler will determine the data type for the variable cost to be double.

This is because the value 14.95 is a floating-point literal, and when using the auto keyword, the compiler will deduce the data type based on the type of the initializer expression. In this case, the initializer expression is a floating-point literal, so the compiler will deduce the data type of the variable to be double.

In C++11, the auto keyword allows for type inference, where the data type of a variable can be automatically deduced by the compiler based on the type of the initializer expression.

When auto is used to declare a variable with an initializer expression, the compiler determines the datatype of the variable based on the type of the expression, allowing for more concise and readable code.

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The correct option here is A.   SELECT DISTINCT Vendor_id FROM invoices ORDER BY vendor_id

The solution to remove the duplicate rows from the resuls set is to include the distinct keyword in the SELECT  statement.  It orders the query engine to remove the duplicates,  so that a result set with unique rows may be produced.

And we can get the distinct keyword directly after the SELECT  in the query statement, which also replaces the optional all keyword, which is a default.

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Which of the following SELECT statements would you use to prevent duplicate rows from being returned?

SELECT DISTINCT vendor_id

FROM invoices

ORDER BY vendor_id

Declarative: Declaring a variable in Java and C entails giving it a name and a data type. Giving a variable its initial value is known as initialization.

Integer, Floating Points, Characters, Character Strings, and Composite types are the five basic kinds of data types that are recognized by the majority of current computer languages. Each broad category also includes a number of particular subtypes.

Data is categorized into different types by a data type, which informs the compilers or interpreter of the programmer's intended usage of the data. Numerous data types, like integers, actual, characters or string, and Boolean, are supported by the majority of programming languages.

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The following translation is correct: the e-mail address of every user can be retrieved whenever the archive contains at least one message sent by every user on the system.

The only way to identify a particular email account is by its address. Over the Internet, it is utilised for both sending and receiving email messages. Like physical mail, an email message needs an address for both the sender and the recipient in order to be delivered.

A username and domain name are the two components that make up every email address. An at (at-the-rate) symbol, the username, and the domain name are listed in that order. The username and domain name in the example below are both "mail" and "techterms·com."

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After Solving the code:

e. {20, 34, 21, 45, 15, 69, 51, 25, 39}

What is Code?
Code is a set of instructions written in a computer language that tell the computer how to perform a task. It is written in a programming language that is used to create applications and software programs. Code is written by software developers and programmers in order to define the behavior of a computer system. Code is composed of a series of instructions and commands which are written in a specific syntax and are designed to execute a certain set of tasks. The code is written in such a way that it can be understood and interpreted by the computer system. The code is then compiled and tested to ensure that it runs correctly and produces the desired results.

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Use a Discretionary Access Control (DAC) method with an Access Control List (ACL) to specifically authorize users to access the resource and deny access to all other users.

The access control method that should be used in this scenario is the Discretionary Access Control (DAC) method, specifically using an Access Control List (ACL).

With a DAC, the owner of the resource has the discretion to grant or deny access to other users, and can set up an ACL to define which users have access to the resource. The ACL contains a list of users or groups and their corresponding permissions, and the access control system checks the ACL to determine whether a user has access to the resource.

In this scenario, you want to specifically authorize certain users to access the resource, so you would set up an ACL that lists those users and their corresponding permissions, and deny access to all other users. This ensures that only the authorized users can access the resource, and all others are prevented from doing so.

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To find an equilibrium point in a sorted array A of n distinct integers, we can use binary search.

How to use binary search?

1. Initialize two variables, start and end, to the first and last indices of the array A, respectively.

2. While start is less than or equal to end:

3. If we reach this point, then no equilibrium point was found and we return -1.

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The precision of the result is limited due to the constraints of using a floating-point representation.

What is a floating-point representation?

Floating-point representation is the term used to describe how binary numbers appear in exponential form. The number is split into two parts in the floating-point representation; the left side is a signed, fixed-point number known as a mantissa, and the right side is referred to as the exponent.

What do the terms "floating-point" and "fixed point" mean?

The term "fixed point" describes the related method of representing numbers, which includes a fixed number of digits following and occasionally before the decimal point. The decimal point can "float" in relation to the significant digits of a number when it is represented using floating-point math.

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The computer output above shows individual 95% ci for each mean. These intervals can be used to compare the population means to each other in a multiple comparison procedure.

The statement is True.

The computer output showing individual 95% confidence intervals for each mean can be used to compare the population means to each other in a multiple comparison procedure, such as a Tukey test or Bonferroni correction. These intervals can help determine which means are significantly different from each other and which are not.

When conducting a multiple comparison procedure, such as comparing means of multiple groups, it is important to account for the possibility of making false positive errors (Type I errors). In other words, if you test multiple hypotheses simultaneously, the probability of obtaining at least one significant result due to chance increases, even if all the null hypotheses are true.

One way to control for this issue is to adjust the significance level (alpha) or confidence intervals for each comparison. The Tukey test and Bonferroni correction are examples of procedures that adjust the confidence intervals.

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To calculate the F1 score using this function and compare it to the scikit-learn implementation.

In coding, a function is a self-contained block of code that performs a specific task. Functions are a fundamental building block in programming, allowing developers to break down their code into smaller, more manageable pieces. Functions typically take one or more inputs (known as arguments or parameters) and produce an output, which can be used by other parts of the program.

Here,

The F-beta measure is a weighted harmonic mean of precision and recall, with the weighting parameter beta controlling the relative weight of precision and recall. The formula for F-beta measure is:

F-beta = (1 + beta^2) * precision * recall / (beta^2 * precision + recall)

To implement the f_beta function in Python:

def f_beta(labels, preds, beta):

   precision, recall = prec_recall_score(labels, preds)

   beta_sq = beta ** 2

   f_beta = (1 + beta_sq) * precision * recall / (beta_sq * precision + recall)

   return f_beta

To calculate the F1 score using this function and compare it to the scikit-learn implementation:

from sklearn.metrics import f1_score

labels = [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]

preds = [1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1]

# calculate F1 score using f_beta function

F1 = f_beta(labels, preds, 1)

# compare with scikit-learn implementation

F1_sklearn = f1_score(labels, preds)

print("F1 score (custom function):", F1)

print("F1 score (scikit-learn):", F1_sklearn)

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The best option to use a table is that an editorial essay about the best way to make a lemon cake. Thus, option B is correct.

Since the essay is about comparing news reports and editorials, these are the four things he should focus on. It does not matter what genres are similar to news reports and editorials, since his essay is just about the two things.

Therefore, The best option to use a table is that an editorial essay about the best way to make a lemon cake. Thus, option B is correct.

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When using the magic wand tool, it is a good practice to turn on  Anti alias to smooth the jagged edges of a selection.

Email a Friend About Anti-Aliasing: Everything You Should Know Share Anti-Aliasing: All You Need to Know by copying the link

Maybe you imagined that your most recent game would be as grandiose and exquisitely detailed as a Thomas Cole picture. Instead, it has an 8-bit Super Mario Bros appearance.

"Jaggies" is a term used to describe the blocky, pixelated edges found in PC games. Most of the time, increasing your screen resolution will get rid of jaggies.

Therefore, When using the magic wand tool, it is a good practice to turn on  Anti alias to smooth the jagged edges of a selection.

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When using the magic wand tool, it is a good practice to turn on ____ to smooth the jagged edges of a selection.

1. Magic Wand

2. Anti-Alias

3. Feather

4. None of the above

Having access to information devices such as computers, smartphones, and the internet has significantly impacted the way we live our lives compared to previous generations who did not have access to such technology. Here are some ways in which these devices have changed our lives:

Instant access to information: With information devices, we can access a vast amount of information on any topic within seconds. This has revolutionized the way we learn, work, and communicate with others.

Improved communication: Information devices allow us to communicate with others instantaneously through email, text messaging, and video calls, regardless of distance or time zone. This has made it easier for us to stay in touch with family, friends, and colleagues.

Increased productivity: Information devices have made it possible to work remotely, which has led to increased productivity and flexibility in the workplace. We can also collaborate with others in real-time, share information and resources, and streamline workflow processes.

Access to entertainment: Information devices provide us with access to a wide range of entertainment options, from streaming movies and TV shows to playing video games and listening to music. This has changed the way we consume media and has made entertainment more accessible and convenient.

Impact on social interactions: Information devices have changed the way we socialize, with many people relying on social media platforms to connect with others. This has both positive and negative effects on our social interactions, as it can facilitate communication and community-building, but can also lead to feelings of isolation and disconnection.

In summary, having access to information devices has significantly impacted our lives, providing us with instant access to information, improving communication, increasing productivity, providing access to entertainment, and changing the way we socialize.

Explanation:

Having access to information devices such as computers, smartphones, and the internet has changed the way we live our lives drastically. It has made information more accessible, communication more efficient, and made multitasking easier. In the past, people had to rely on books, newspapers, and other people to access information. Now, all the information we need is available at the touch of a button. Additionally, communication has improved drastically with the availability of instant messaging, video conferencing, and social media. Multitasking has also become much easier due to the ability to run multiple applications at once. All of these advances have made our lives much different from how it was in the past.

A Whois database is a query and response log commonly used to query databases that store registered users or agents of Internet resources such as: an Autonomous System, or A Domain Name, or IP Address Block.

What is Whois database?

Whois database helps Querying databases that hold the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name or, an IP address block, or an autonomous system, is a very common usage for WHOIS, a query and an answer protocol that is also used for a larger range of other information.

A Whois record contains all of the contact information associated with the person, group, or company that registers a particular sphere name. generally, each Whois record will contain information similar as the name and contact information of the Registrant( who owns the sphere), the name and contact information of the register Registrar( the association or marketable reality that registered the sphere name), the enrollment dates, the name waiters, the most recent update, and the expiration date.

I discovered three whois databases: ARIN, RIPE, and APNIC.

I discovered G.oo.gle and OpenDNS as two DNS servers.

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Answer:

The encrypted word for "alphabet" using a Caesar cipher with a shift of 3 would be "dorskdhu".

Explanation:

A Caesar cipher is a simple substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is shifted a certain number of places down the alphabet. In this case, the word "alphabet" would be encrypted by shifting each letter 3 places down the alphabet, resulting in the ciphertext "doshdqg".

To illustrate how this encryption works, let's look at the first letter of the word "alphabet", which is "a". With a shift of 3, "a" would be replaced by the letter that is 3 places down the alphabet, which is "d". The second letter, "l", would be replaced by the letter that is 3 places down the alphabet from "l", which is "o". This process is repeated for each letter in the word "alphabet", resulting in the ciphertext "doshdqg".

To decrypt the message, the process is simply reversed by shifting each letter in the ciphertext 3 places up the alphabet.

Create an empty priority queue of size k and insert the first k elements into it. For each remaining element, compare it with the top element of the priority queue. If it is smaller than the top element, delete it and insert the new element. The priority queue now contains the k smallest elements in sorted order.

Queue is a type of data structure which follows a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principle. It is a linear structure in which elements are added to the rear end and removed from the front end. Queue is often used in application where tasks are created and need to be performed in order such as printer queues, CPU scheduling, and resource allocation.

1. Create an empty priority queue of size k.

2. Insert the first k elements from the given list into the priority queue.

3. For each of the remaining elements, compare it with the top element of the priority queue.

   a. If it is smaller than the top element, then delete the top element and insert the new element into the priority queue.

4. Once all the elements have been compared, the priority queue now contains the k smallest elements in sorted order.

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The term that fills the blank is "Cloud".

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A corrected implementation of the FishermanLicense class and the main function in C++ is [please scroll down for correct code]

Python is slower than C++ because C++ is statically typed, which speeds up code compilation. Python employs the interpreter, which slows down compilation, and it form attached typing, which makes it slower than C++.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class FishermanLicense {

public:

   void SetYear(int customYear);

   void SetNum(int customNum);

   void SetId(int customId);

   int GetYear() const;

   int GetNum() const;

   int GetId() const;

private:

   int year;

   int number;

   int id;

};

void FishermanLicense::SetYear(int customYear) {

   year = customYear;

}

void FishermanLicense::SetNum(int customNum) {

   number = customNum;

}

void FishermanLicense::SetId(int customId) {

   id = customId;

}

int FishermanLicense::GetYear() const {

   return year;

}

int FishermanLicense::GetNum() const {

   return number;

}

int FishermanLicense::GetId() const {

   return id;

}

int main() {

   FishermanLicense fisherman1;

   int inputYear, inputNum, inputId;

   cin >> inputYear >> inputNum >> inputId;

   fisherman1.SetYear(inputYear);

   fisherman1.SetNum(inputNum);

   fisherman1.SetId(inputId);

   cout << "License year: " << fisherman1.GetYear() << endl;

   cout << "License number: " << fisherman1.GetNum() << endl;

   cout << "License id: " << fisherman1.GetId() << endl;

   return 0;

}

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Option A is the correct response based on the facts provided in the question. The tennisBalls() function is being used, hence the answer is yes.

The if/else expression enables a code block to be run if a specific condition is true. Another piece of code can indeed be run if the is false. The "if/else" statement is one of the "Conditional" Expressions in Java, which are used to perform different operations based on different conditions.

The true and false parts of a specific condition are both executed using the if-else expression. If the is true the code in the if block is performed; if it is false, the code in the else block is executed.

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An item in a list is represented by the HTML element. An ordered list () or an unordered list must be its parent element.

A list item is defined by the tag. The tag is utilized in menu lists, unordered lists, and ordered lists. The list items are typically shown with bullet points in and. In, the list items are typically shown as numbers or letters.

In the periodic table of elements, group 1, or the alkali metals group, is headed by the soft, silvery-white metal lithium. Water and it react violently. An unordered (bulleted) list is defined by the tag. Utilize the tag together with the construct unordered lists using the tag. Use CSS to style lists, please.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Importance of integrated ICT in the teaching and learning process:

integrated ICT simply is the incorporation of Information and Communication Technologies. The fusion of ICT in the teaching and learning process will give the learners an entirely new, inspiring, innovative, and amusing way to comprehend and explore the concepts. The most common examples of integrated ICT include the Internet, LCD projectors, Multimedia, and interactive and informative Software Programs.