Explanation:
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A/an _________________________ is the surgical removal of a nephrolith through an incision in the back.
Nephrolithotomy is the surgical removal of a nephrolith through an incision in the back.
These procedures are treatments for kidney stones that are used in patients with large or irregularly shaped kidney stones, people with infections, stones that have not been broken up enough by SWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy) or those who are not candidates for another common stone treatment, ureteroscopy.
Stones bigger than 2 cm (the size of a marble) require this procedure.
Procedures involve entering the kidney through a small incision in the back. Once the surgeon gets to the kidney, a nephroscope (a miniature fiberoptic camera) , threaded in through the hole.
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The type of bacteria that rarely shows any active motility is known as _____.
a. pus
b. cocci
c. flagellum
d. spirilla
Cocci bacteria are rarely motile.
Coccus or cocci bacteria are round or sphere-shaped bacteria. They lack flagella or any locomotive organ so they are non-motile.
Cocci contain multiple genera like Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Diplococcus. They are divided based on the pattern they grow. For instance, Diplococcus always appears as joined two cells implying a pair of cells.
They can also be both gram-positive bacteria (eg. Neisseria spp.) and gram-negative bacteria (eg. Streptococcus spp.).
They can show pathogenicity, symbiotic and commensalism. Some of the pathogenic cocci bacteria are Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Pneumococcus which can cause throat infection, food poisoning and pneumonia respectively.
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in meiosis prophase 1 why excahnge of genetic information is important?
The exchange of genetic information leads to genetic diversity.
What is genetic diversity?It refers to the number of unique genes present in the genome of organisms.
The more the number of unique genes an organism has, the more the chances of surviving unfavorable changes to the environment.
Crossing over, the exchange of genes, increases the number of unique genes that a cell will have. Thus, it helps increase genetic diversity and chances of survival in the environment.
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Paleontologists organize fossils of related species based on their __________________ similarities
Paleontologists organize fossils of related species based on their physical similarities.
Paleontologists discover and examine the remains of extinct organisms to learn about evolution.Any remnant of ancient life preserved in a geologic setting is referred to as a fossil or paleontological resource.
Fossils provide a direct link to the lifestyles, environments, and climatic conditions of the past. They reveal how life, the environment, and the climate have evolved over time and how living things have reacted to those changes. These teachings are especially crucial now that the modern climate is changing more and more.
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___occurs as the earth comes out of an ice age.
o a. magnetic deviation
o b. polar deviation
o c. global warming
o d. global cooling
A particle that is 1.0 mm in diameter traveling in a stream at 100mm/s
a transport
b settle
c erode
d deposit
A. A particle that is 1.0 mm in diameter traveling in a stream at 100mm/s is being transported.
Transportation of particles by stream
The transportation of particles by stream is movement of particle of certain size by the force of the stream.
Transportation of particles can occur by saltation and by traction .
A particle that is 1 mm in diameter can easily be transported by a stream moving at 100 mm/s.
Thus, a particle that is 1.0 mm in diameter traveling in a stream at 100mm/s is being transported.
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Answer:
b. settle
Explanation:
The enteric division of the ans is found in the __________ of the body
The enteric division of the ANS is found in the gastrointestinal tract of the body.
Here ANS stands for the autonomic nervous system which can be described as a collection of motor neurons that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal.
It has three divisions: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric.
Out of three, the enteric division has two plexuses: the myenteric (Auerbach) which is usually detected in the GI tract, and the submucosal (Meissner) which is usually observed in the submucosa.
The sympathetic division is located in intermediolateral columns, or lateral horns, of the spinal cord whereas the parasympathetic division is located in the head.
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Mycobacteria have a large amount of a component in their cell wall that other bacteria lack. that component is:_______
Mycobacteria have a large amount of a component in their cell wall that other bacteria lack and this component is lipids.
What are Mycobacteria?Mycobacteria are a special class of bacteria belonging to the family Mycobacteriaceae (Actinomycetota).
These bacteria (Mycobacteria) are characterized to be a cell wall composed of mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycans.
In conclusion, Mycobacteria have a large amount of a component in their cell wall that other bacteria lack and this component is lipids.
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Humans infected with Brucella species develop ________ characterized by fever, chills, sweating, muscle aches, and headache.
According to the research, humans infected with Brucella species develop brucellosis characterized by fever, muscle aches, and headache.
What is brucellosis?It is a bacterial and infectious disease caused by bacteria of the brucella genus whose reservoir of this bacterium are animals and, mainly, cows, sheep, goats and pigs.
The most frequent is the appearance of general symptoms, among which fever, chills, muscle aches, among others, predominate.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, humans infected with Brucella species develop brucellosis characterized by fever, muscle aches, and headache.
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It is common for a normal, healthy individual to carry potentially pathogenic organisms in their upper respiratory tract.
Yes. It is common for a normal, healthy individual to carry potentially pathogenic organisms in their upper respiratory tract.
The human upper respiratory tract serves as a reservoir for a diverse community of commensals and potential pathogens, such as Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis,etc. which can occasionally develop into pathogens and cause infectious diseases. Viruses are responsible for the majority of upper respiratory tract infections.
Nasal hairs are used to catch debris. Particles are propelled upward and out of the respiratory tract by cilia on the epithelium of the trachea and bronchi. The respiratory system has a feature that guards against infections.
Therefore, It is common for a normal, healthy individual to carry potentially pathogenic organisms in their upper respiratory tract.
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Mutation spectrum analysis of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy in 68 families in Kuwait: The era of personalized medicine
Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD/BMD) are X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive irreversible muscle weakness and atrophy that affect both skeletal and cardiac muscles
What is Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy ?Both Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy are caused by mutations in a protein called dystrophin
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, functioning dystrophin is completely absent in muscle, while in Becker muscular dystrophy, there is some dystrophin present, although not enough for completely normal muscle function.it usually affects boys in early childhood; people with the condition will usually only live into their 20s or 30s.Learn more about Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy here:
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Sexual reproduction produces ______, while asexual reproduction produces ______.
Answer:
Sexual reproduction produces genetically different offspring from two parents while asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring from one parent.
Sexual reproduction will see to the offspring taking half of their genetics from the father (male), while the other half comes from the mother (female). The offspring would further inherit based on whether the traits are dominant or recessive. However, in asexual reproduction, there is only one parent, so all the traits are passed down.
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A toxicity of folate can disguise a deficiency of which nutrient, resulting in nerve damage?
Large dose of folate increase the symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency . the vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to permanent damage of the spinal cord nerves and brain.
It can cause severe birth defects which is called neural tube defects. this defects include spinal, pifida . folate deficiency can also increase your chance of placental abrupt ion is a condition in which placental separate from uterus.
High dose of folate typically be remedied by taking supplement of both folic acid and vitamin B12. vitamin B12 works closely with vitamin B9 also called folic and folate acid which is help to make red blood cells and iron work better in our body.
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Do you think microwave ovens, electromagnetic fields, and ultrasound, as energy transmitters, would induce cellular injury?
No these do not emit ionizing radiation and would have a low likelihood of resulting in cellular injury.
Are microwaves harmful electromagnetic waves?Non-ionizing radiation includes radio waves, microwaves, and visible light. UV light is the only non-ionizing radiation that can cause cancer. In conclusion, microwaves are safe to use and do not harm human health in any way, including the development of cancer. In order to heat the water in meals, microwave ovens use electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 2.45 GHz.
Injuries caused by hot containers, overheated food, or exploding liquids account for the majority of microwave-related injuries. Most injuries are not caused by radiation. Microwave radiation has been linked to numerous negative effects on the central nervous system, including sleep difficulties, learning disabilities, and memory loss, according to a significant body of research.
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A group of biology students test the growth of bacteria under different conditions. the students apply the same amount of bacteria to identical petri dishes enriched with nutrients, then place each plate at a different temperature. the bacteria are allowed to grow for three days after which the number of bacterial colonies on each plate is counted. what is the dependent variable in this experiment?
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Explanation:
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Identify each of the cell types listed that are associated with the alveoli of the lungs.
The cell types that are associated with the alveoli of the lungs are Type 1 pneumocytes, Type 2 pneumocytes and Alveolar macrophages.
Which type of cells present in alveolus?Each alveolus has three types of cell i.e. Type 1 pneumocytes, Type 2 pneumocytes and macrophages. These cells perform function of respiration in the lungs.
So we can conclude that the cell types that are associated with the alveoli of the lungs are Type 1 pneumocytes, Type 2 pneumocytes and Alveolar macrophages.
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Suppose your gram-stained a sample from a pure culture of bacteria and observed a field of red and purple cocci. Adjacent cells were not always the same color. What would you conclude?
If after gram-staining a pure bacterial culture red and purple cocci are observed and the adjacent cells were not of the same colour, It means it's an old stock of culture.
The Gram stain process is a multi-step differential staining procedure. Differential staining separates organisms based on how they respond to various stains. To put it another way, two organisms in a sample that has been stained differently might appear to be different colours.
Gram-positive and Gram-negative are the two primary subtypes of bacteria. Based on how these bacteria respond to the Gram stain, several types are identified. The hue of a Gram stain is purple. The bacteria in a sample will either stay purple or change pink or red when the stain and bacteria interact.
The bacteria are Gram-positive if they continue to be purple.
The bacteria are Gram-negative if they turn pink or crimson.
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True or false: sensitivity differences during light and dark adaptation result, at least in part, from the difference in bleaching and regeneration rates of photopsin and rhodopsin.
True, photopsin and rhodopsin are the photoreceptor proteins found in the cones of the retina and are the basis of color vision.
What is the function of rhodopsin?The retina contains a chemical compound called rhodopsin. It is responsible for converting light into electrical impulses that the brain interprets as vision. Nerve fibers from the retina come together at the back of the eye and form the optic nerve, which carries electrical impulses to the brain.
What is the function of the retina?The function of the Retina is to capture light through the cornea, pupil and lens, and, through the optic nerve, convert it into neural signals and send them to the brain, which transforms it into visual recognition.
With this information, we can conclude that A very thin layer of light-sensitive tissue, located at the back of the eye, the retina is formed by millions of photoreceptor cells, which capture, record, decode light waves and, through the optic nerve, send them to the brain, where the vision.
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Translation begins when mrna becomes associated with?
Answer:
Translation begins when an mRNA connects to the small subunit of a ribosome.
Explanation:
Connected to the tRNA of the start codon is an amino acid, called f-Met. Once the f-Met tRNA binds to the small subunit of the ribosome, the large subunit of the ribosome binds to the small unit, and translation is ready to begin. Therefore, translation begins when an mRNA connects to the small subunit of a ribosome.
What evidence was provided for localized functions inherent to specific anatomical brain structures during execution of behavior and mental processes?
The fMRI is now the most commonly used method of learning about brain structure.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a type of brain scan that uses a magnetic field to create images of brain activity in each brain area.
The fMRI detects the amount of blood flow in each brain region, and thus is an indicator of neural activity. Very clear and detailed pictures of brain structures can be produced via fMRI.
The advantage of the fMRI is that it is noninvasive, fMRIs are substantial and they are now available in many university and hospital settings. The fMRI is now the most commonly used method of learning about brain structure.
Our words are bound by an invisible grammar which is embedded in the brain.
-Jonah Lehrer, in Proust Was a Neuroscientist.
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A neurotransmitter binds to a metabotropic receptor and pka is ultimately activated, which type of neurotransmitter likely bound?
A Final statement or concluding statement
Adrenergic neurotransmitter is likely to bound.
What neurotransmitter activates adrenergic receptors?The neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) is released by adrenergic nerves and binds to specific receptors in the target tissue to produce physiological responses. The binding of neurotransmitters to receptors activates signal transduction pathways, resulting in the observed changes in cardiac function.
Adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors) are receptors that bind adrenergic agonists consisting of the sympathetic neurotransmitter NE and the circulating hormone epinephrine (EPI). The maximum essential adrenoceptor withinside the coronary heart is the β1-adrenoceptor. When activated via way of means of a β1-agonist consisting of NE or EPI, coronary heart charge is elevated conduction pace is elevated contractility is elevated, and the charge of myocyte rest is elevated.
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Each cell in an individual's body carries certain molecules that tell the body they belong to that individual. those molecules are called ________.
Answer:
MHC Markers
Explanation:
The function of MHC molecules is to display peptide fragments derived from pathogens on the cell surface for recognition by the appropriate T cells.
Other things being equal, what is a potential disadvantage of an enzyme having a very high affinity for its substrate?.
An enzyme with a high affinity for its substrate will require more energy to generate an enzyme-transition state complex (the activation energy of the forward reaction) because the energy of the enzyme-substrate complex will be reduced.
What is the disadvantage of an enzyme having high affinity fir its substrate?Since the ES complex would be in a "energy trough," the activation energy for the transition state would be quite high.
Tight enzyme-substrate binding will lower the reaction's forward rate constant.A forward reaction's activation energy will increase when an enzyme's affinity for its substrate is high.Because the enzyme-substrate complex will be located in a deep energy well, it will be more stable.In contrast to the situation where the substrate-enzyme binding is weaker, a tight binding of the substrate to the enzyme will alter the amounts of free substrate and free enzyme. This little modification won't have much of an impact on the reaction kinetics because the substrate concentration is often higher than the enzyme concentration.
It is unlikely that tight binding would result in the active site being altered. Since the enzyme is significantly bigger than the substrate, it is unlikely that it will change shape.
The reaction's forward rate constant will decrease with tight enzyme-substrate binding. It is conceivable that a substrate that is securely bonded would not easily change its shape as it passes from the transition state to the products.
High enzyme substrate affinities will result in a decrease in the energy of the enzyme-substrate complex and an increase in the energy needed to generate the enzyme-transition state complex (the activation energy of the forward reaction).
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If the planet was attacked by a disease that caused people to lose the use of their frontal lobes, one way people might be affected is they may
If the planet was attacked by a disease that caused people to lose the use of their frontal lobes, one way people might be affected is they may lose their self awareness.
What is Brain?
This is an organ which is located in the head region and comprises of rich network of neurons which are enclosed in the cranium. It serves as the control center of the central nervous system and has different types of lobes such as frontal etc with unique functions.
The frontal lobe is located in the anterior part of the brain and is responsible for different types of voluntary movements and cognitive functions such as interaction, self awareness etc.
This is therefore the reason why frontal lobe was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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Because extremophiles are hard to culture outside of their native environments, how do scientists classify and identify specific species?.
They use DNA sequencing to identify species via genetic differences.
What is the significance of DNA sequencing?
The four chemical "bases" that make up the DNA molecule must be identified in the correct order in order to sequence DNA. The sequence provides information to scientists about the type of genetic data that is contained in a certain DNA segment.
For instance, scientists can utilize sequence data to identify the DNA segments that contain genes and the segments that carry regulatory instructions that switch genes on and off. Furthermore, and this is crucial, sequencing data might point out variations in a gene that might be harmful.
Large DNA lengths, 1 million bases or more, from various individuals can now be compared swiftly and affordably by researchers. Such comparisons can reveal a wealth of information regarding how inheritance affects illness susceptibility and how the body reacts to environmental factors. The potential for diagnostics and treatments is also greatly increased by the faster and more affordable genome sequencing.
The biology of development and evolution can also be better understood by comparing the genomic sequences of other animals and species, like yeast and chimpanzees.
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What are small area variations? a. geographic variations in health care practice b. demographic variations in health care practice c. both a and b d. neither a nor b
Small area variations are geographic variations in health care practice. That is option A.
What are geographic variations?In the health sector, geographic variations are a type of variations that involves the observation of small area using population-based medical services across the relatively small geographic areas.
The importance of geographic variations in health care practice include the following:
It helps in monitoring disease outbreaks,It targets public health strategies towards a particular disease.It saves cost for health care delivery servicesIt makes health care delivery services available for the populace.Learn more about variations here:
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what is nanotechnology ?
Answer:
Nanotechnology is the branch of technology that deals with making structures that are less than 100 nanometres long. Scientists often build these structures using individual molecules of substances.
Why is it difficult to test the sensory and learning abilities of a newborn?
Vision is the least developed sense at delivery as a womb is a dark location and there may be little possibility for development. Vision, like hearing, does increase unexpectedly over the early years of an infant's lifestyle.
The infant can see and hear what is happening around her and can communicate her desires and interests to others. mother and father can help their infants study with the aid of gambling with them. Infants have the ability to see faces and items of different shapes, sizes, and colors.
For infants, learning the senses is crucial for discovering the arena around them. Whilst toddlers see the face of a parent, they smile. They coo once they listen to a parent's voice or pull away from something hot after they contact it. If infants odor something terrible, they shrink back.
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What is the stage of cell division in a diploid organism if you see seven chromosomes, each consisting of a pair of sister chromatids
Answer:
Metaphase is the stage of cell division in a diploid organism if we see seven chromosomes, each consisting of a pair of sister chromatids.
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Meiosis II prophase is the stage of cell division in a diploid organism, each consisting of a pair of sister chromatids
There are four crucial processes that take place during prophase II of meiosis II. These include chromatin condensation into chromosomes, thinning of the nuclear envelope, centrosome movement to either pole and re-building of the spindle apparatus. Centrosomes do not exist in every cell, though.
Both of the daughter cells that were created during meiosis I go through meiosis II. The process of cell division starts right away because DNA replication does not occur during this second meiotic stage. Prophase II sets up the cell for meiosis II, which results in the production of four haploid cells, each of which has half the genetic material that was previously present in the original, duplicated diploid cell.
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In order to prevent accidental needle stick injury and potential exposure to infectious agents, what should you do with needles and needle-containing devices?
In order to prevent accidental needle stick injury and potential exposure to infectious agents, some preventive measures should be taken like use of alternatives, proper disposal of used needles, proper management, avoid spills, take common precautions, participate in education programme etc.
Preventive measures are:
1) When safe and efficient alternatives are available, avoid using needles.
2) Recapping or bending needles that could be infected is not advised.
3) Bring sharps containers with standard labels that are impervious to leaks and punctures to clients' houses. Don't assume there will be any such containers. Sharps and used needles that could be contaminated should be promptly disposed of in the containers.
4) Before using, make a plan for the proper management and disposal of needles.
5) Containers for sharps should be kept out of children's, pets', and other people's reach.
6) Transport used sharps containers securely to avoid spills.
7) Consistently observe common precautions, infection prevention, and hygiene standards.
8) Participate in the bloodborne pathogens education programme offered by your workplace.
Hence, In order to prevent accidental needle stick injury and potential exposure to infectious agents, these preventive measures should be taken.
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