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P Waves (speed): They typically travel at speeds between ~1 and ~14 km/sec.

P Waves (type of motion): They compress and expand (oscillate) the ground back and forth in the direction of travel.
P Waves (type of material the wave travels through): These waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases.
P Waves (other information): Compressional waves are also called P-Waves, (P stands for "primary") because they are always the first to arrive. They gave us the first jolt last Friday. Shear waves propagate more slowly through the Earth than compressional waves and arrive second, hence their name S- or secondary waves.

S Waves (speed): Speeds are on the order of 1 to 8 km/sec.
S Waves (type of motion): S waves produce vertical and horizontal motion on the ground surface.
S Waves (type of material the waves travel through): S waves only travel through solids.
S Waves (other information): In seismology and other areas involving elastic waves, S waves, secondary waves, or shear waves (sometimes called elastic S waves) is a type of elastic wave and are one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object, unlike surface waves.

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Explain why some forms of severe weather only occur at certain places or times of year.