proportionality means the slope of a constraint is proportional to the slope of the objective function. T/F

Answer: Point-slope form equation:

Using the point-slope form equation, which is y - y₁ = m(x - x₁), where (x₁, y₁) is the given point and m is the slope, we can substitute the given values to find the equation.

Point = (-9, 3)

Slope = -2/3

Using the point-slope form equation:

y - 3 = (-2/3)(x - (-9))

Simplifying:

y - 3 = (-2/3)(x + 9)

Expanding:

y - 3 = (-2/3)x - 6

Rearranging:

y = (-2/3)x - 3

Therefore, the equation of the line is y = (-2/3)x - 3.

Parallel to y = 5x - 2:

The parallel line will have the same slope (5) as the given line because parallel lines have the same slope. The y-intercept is given as -3.

Using the slope-intercept form equation, which is y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept, we can substitute the given values to find the equation.

Slope = 5

Y-intercept = -3

Therefore, the equation of the line is y = 5x - 3.

Perpendicular to y = (1/2)x + 1:

To find the perpendicular line, we need to take the negative reciprocal of the slope (1/2). The negative reciprocal of a number is obtained by flipping the fraction and changing the sign.

The given line has a slope of 1/2, so the perpendicular line will have a slope of -2 (negative reciprocal of 1/2). The y-intercept is given as 9.

Using the slope-intercept form equation, which is y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept, we can substitute the given values to find the equation.

Slope = -2

Y-intercept = 9

Therefore, the equation of the line is y = -2x + 9.

The number of weeks in which Sarah and Asher have saved the same amount of money is 8 weeks.

The number of weeks in which Sarah and Asher have saved the same amount of money is calculated by setting the two equations equal to each other as follows;

12x + 6 = 9x + 30

Simplify the equation by collecting similar terms as follows;

12x - 9x  = 30 - 6

3x = 24

x = 24/3

x = 8

Thus, the number of weeks in which Sarah and Asher have saved the same amount of money is 8 weeks.

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Based on this facts, we may conclude that the cube is most likely fair because the experimental probability is quite close to the theoretical probability.

The theoretical chance of rolling a 2 may be estimated by dividing the number of potential outcomes by the number of ways to roll a 2.

Since the number cube has 10 sides,

The total number of possible outcomes is 10.

Therefore,

The theoretical probability of rolling a 2 is 1/10 or 0.1.

The experimental probability of rolling a 2 may be estimated by dividing the total number of rolls by the number of times a 2 was rolled.

In this case,

The number 2 appeared 520 times out of 5000 rolls.

Therefore,

The experimental probability of rolling a 2 is 520/5000 or 0.104.

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The family of curves with polar equations r = 1 c cos() can be rewritten as x = c cos() and y = c sin(), using the conversion formulas r cos() = x and r sin() = y. This means that each curve in the family is a circle centered at the origin with radius c, rotated by an angle of 90 degrees.

As c changes, the radius of each circle changes, and therefore the size of each circle changes. If c is positive, the circle will be in the first and third quadrants of the Cartesian plane, and if c is negative, the circle will be in the second and fourth quadrants.

When c = 0, we get a circle of radius 0, which is just the single point at the origin. This makes sense, since cos(0) = 1 and all other values of cos() are between -1 and 1, so the equation r = 1 c cos() can only be satisfied when c = 0 if cos() = 0, which occurs only at = 0 and = pi.

In summary, as c changes, the family of curves with polar equations r = 1 c cos() changes in size and position, but remains circular in shape. When c = 0, the curve is just a single point at the origin.

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The surface area of the cone rounded to the nearest whole number is 528 in².

The correct answer choice is option C

Surface area of a cone = πr² + πrl

π = 3.14

Radius, r = diameter / 2

= 14 in / 2

= 7 in

slant height, l = 17 in

Surface area of a cone = πr² + πrl

= (3.14 × 7²) + (3.14 × 7 × 17)

= (3.14 × 49) + (373.66)

= 153.86 + 373.66

= 527.52 square inches

Approximately,

528 in²

Therefore, 528 in² is the surface area of the cone.

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To find the point on the curve where the tangent is horizontal, we need to find the value(s) of t for which the derivative of y with respect to x (i.e., dy/dx) is equal to zero.

First, we can find the derivative of y with respect to x using the chain rule:

dy/dx = (dy/dt) / (dx/dt)

We have

dx/dt = 3t^2 - 192

dy/dt = 6t

Therefore:

dy/dx = (dy/dt) / (dx/dt) = (6t) / (3t^2 - 192)

To find the values of t where dy/dx = 0, we need to solve the equation:

6t / (3t^2 - 192) = 0

This equation is satisfied when the numerator is equal to zero, which occurs when t = 0.

To confirm that the tangent is horizontal at t = 0, we can check the second derivative:

d^2y/dx^2 = d/dx (dy/dt) / (dx/dt)

         = [d/dt ((6t) / (3t^2 - 192)) / (dx/dt)] / (dx/dt)

         = (6(3t^2 - 192) - 12t^2) / (3t^2 - 192)^2

         = -36 / 36864

         = -1/1024

Since the second derivative is negative, the curve is concave down at t = 0. Therefore, the point on the curve where the tangent is horizontal is (x,y) = (0, -576).

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The acceleration of the wagon can be calculated using the formula: a = F/m. In this case, the force applied is 30 N and the mass of the wagon is 10 kg, so the acceleration is 3 m/s^2. The correct option is c.

To find the acceleration of the wagon, we use the formula a = F/m, where F is the force applied and m is the mass of the wagon. In this case, the force applied is 30 N and the mass of the wagon is 10 kg, so the acceleration can be calculated as follows:

a = F/m = 30 N / 10 kg = 3 m/s^2

Therefore, the acceleration of the wagon is 3 m/s^2. This means that for every second that passes, the speed of the wagon will increase by 3 meters per second. It is important to note that this acceleration is constant, meaning that the wagon will continue to increase its speed by 3 m/s^2 until the force is removed or another force is applied.

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The researcher should conclude that the claimed value of 0.12 is incorrect based on the sample data.

The appropriate decision based on the results of the hypothesis test is that the null hypothesis should be rejected because 0.03 is less than 0.05.

In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis is typically a statement that there is no difference between the sample and the population parameter. In this case, the null hypothesis would be that the proportion of college students who are awarded academic scholarships is 0.12, as claimed. The alternative hypothesis would be that the proportion is different from 0.12.

The p-value is the probability of obtaining a sample proportion as extreme or more extreme than the one observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. A p-value of 0.03 means that there is a 3% chance of observing a sample proportion as extreme or more extreme than 0.08, assuming that the true population proportion is 0.12.

Since the p-value is less than the significance level of 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the proportion of college students who are awarded academic scholarships is significantly different from 0.12.

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In a 2 x 3 between subjects ANOVA, there are a total of 6 groups. The first factor, with 2 levels, divides the participants into two distinct groups. The second factor, with 3 levels, further divides each of the two groups into three subgroups. This results in a total of 6 groups.

In this design, each group consists of a unique combination of the two factors, ensuring that each participant is assigned to only one group.

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Answer: false

Step-by-step explanation:

The value of x is 13

To determine the value of the variable, we need to know the properties of a triangle;

These properties are;

From the information given, we have that;

The angles given are;

Angle 59

Angle 79

Angle 2x + 16

Now, equate the angles, we have;

59 + 79 + 2x + 16 = 180

collect the like terms, we have;

2x = 180 - 154

subtract the values

2x = 26

x = 13

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Therefore, the kinetic energy of the bird is 4.05 J.

The kinetic energy of a 0.10 kg bird that is flying at a constant speed of 9.0 m/s is 4.05 J.

Kinetic energy (KE) is the energy possessed by a moving object.

It is the energy required to bring an object of mass m moving at a velocity v to rest.

Kinetic energy (KE) is represented by the formula

KE = 1/2mv².KE = 1/2 x m x v²

Given: mass (m) = 0.10 kg

velocity (v) = 9.0 m/s

KE = 1/2 x m x v²

KE = 1/2 x 0.10 kg x (9.0 m/s)²

KE = 1/2 x 0.10 kg x 81 m²/s²KE = 4.05 J  

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(a) To find a constant solution, we set y' = 0 in the differential equation. Substituting this into the equation, we have y(0) - 3y^(1/2) = 0. Since y(0) = 0, we have 0 - 3y^(1/2) = 0, which gives y^(1/2) = 0. Thus, y = 0.

(b) To find an implicit expression for all nonzero solutions, we rearrange the differential equation as y' = 3y^(1/2)/y. Separating variables, we have y^(-1/2) dy = 3 dt. Integrating both sides, we get ∫y^(-1/2) dy = ∫3 dt, which gives 2y^(1/2) = 3t + c, where c is the integration constant.

(c) To find the explicit expression for a nonzero solution, we solve for y. Taking the square of both sides of the implicit expression, we have 4y = (3t + c)^2. Simplifying, we get y = (3t + c)^2/4.

Therefore, the explicit expression for a nonzero solution of the initial value problem is y(t) = (3t + c)^2/4, where c is an arbitrary constant. This represents a family of parabolic curves.

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The solution to the given initial-value problem is:

[tex]x(t) = $\frac{1}{2}$e$^{-2t}$ $\begin{bmatrix}2\ -1\end{bmatrix}$ + $\frac{3}{2}$e$^{5t}$ $\begin{bmatrix}1\ 3\end{bmatrix}$ + $\begin{bmatrix}2\ -1\end{bmatrix}$[/tex].

To solve the given initial-value problem:

[tex]x' = $\begin{bmatrix}-1 & -2\ 3 & 4\end{bmatrix}$x + $\begin{bmatrix}5\ 5\end{bmatrix}$, x(0) = $\begin{bmatrix}-3\ 7\end{bmatrix}$[/tex]

First, we find the solution to the homogeneous system:

[tex]x' = $\begin{bmatrix}-1 & -2\ 3 & 4\end{bmatrix}$x[/tex]

The characteristic equation is:

[tex]|$\begin{bmatrix}-1-\lambda & -2\ 3 & 4-\lambda\end{bmatrix}$| = $\lambda^2-3\lambda-10 = 0$[/tex]

Solving the above quadratic equation, we get:

[tex]\lambda_1 = -2$ and $\lambda_2 = 5$[/tex]

The corresponding eigenvectors are:

[tex]v_1 = $\begin{bmatrix}2\ -1\end{bmatrix}$ and v_2 = $\begin{bmatrix}1\ 3\end{bmatrix}$[/tex]

Therefore, the general solution to the homogeneous system is:

[tex]xh(t) = c1e$^{-2t}$ $\begin{bmatrix}2\ -1\end{bmatrix}$ + c2e$^{5t}$ $\begin{bmatrix}1\ 3\end{bmatrix}$[/tex]

Next, we find the particular solution to the non-homogeneous system. We assume the solution to be of the form:

xp(t) = A

Substituting this in the given equation, we get:

[tex]A = $\begin{bmatrix}-1 & -2\ 3 & 4\end{bmatrix}$A + $\begin{bmatrix}5\ 5\end{bmatrix}$[/tex]

Solving for A, we get:

[tex]A = $\begin{bmatrix}2\ -1\end{bmatrix}$[/tex]

Therefore, the particular solution is:

[tex]xp(t) = $\begin{bmatrix}2\ -1\end{bmatrix}$[/tex]

The general solution to the non-homogeneous system is given by:

[tex]x(t) = xh(t) + xp(t) = c1e$^{-2t}$ $\begin{bmatrix}2\ -1\end{bmatrix}$ + c2e$^{5t}$ $\begin{bmatrix}1\ 3\end{bmatrix}$ + $\begin{bmatrix}2\ -1\end{bmatrix}$[/tex]

Using the initial condition [tex]x(0) = $\begin{bmatrix}-3\ 7\end{bmatrix}$,[/tex]we get:

[tex]c_1$\begin{bmatrix}2\ -1\end{bmatrix}$ + c_2$\begin{bmatrix}1\ 3\end{bmatrix}$ + $\begin{bmatrix}2\ -1\end{bmatrix}$ = $\begin{bmatrix}-3\ 7\end{bmatrix}$[/tex]

Solving for c₁ and c₂, we get:

[tex]c_1 = $\frac{1}{2}$ and c_2 = $\frac{3}{2}$[/tex]

Therefore, the solution to the given initial-value problem is:

[tex]x(t) = $\frac{1}{2}$e$^{-2t}$ $\begin{bmatrix}2\ -1\end{bmatrix}$ + $\frac{3}{2}$e$^{5t}$ $\begin{bmatrix}1\ 3\end{bmatrix}$ + $\begin{bmatrix}2\ -1\end{bmatrix}$.[/tex]

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The work done by F over the curve in the direction of increasing t is 3π.

To find the work done by a force vector F over a curve r(t) in the direction of increasing t, we need to evaluate the line integral:

W = ∫ F · dr

where the dot denotes the dot product and the integral is taken over the curve.

In this case, we have:

F = 2y i + 3x j + (x + y) k

r(t) = cos t i + sin t j + tk, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π

To find dr, we take the derivative of r with respect to t:

dr/dt = -sin t i + cos t j + k

We can now evaluate the dot product F · dr:

F · dr = (2y)(-sin t) + (3x)(cos t) + (x + y)

Substituting the expressions for x and y in terms of t:

x = cos t

y = sin t

We obtain:

F · dr = 3cos^2 t + 2sin t cos t + sin t + cos t

The line integral is then:

W = ∫ F · dr = ∫[0,2π] (3cos^2 t + 2sin t cos t + sin t + cos t) dt

To evaluate this integral, we use the trigonometric identity:

cos^2 t = (1 + cos 2t)/2

Substituting this expression, we obtain:

W = ∫[0,2π] (3/2 + 3/2cos 2t + sin t + 2cos t sin t + cos t) dt

Using trigonometric identities and integrating term by term, we obtain:

W = [3t/2 + (3/4)sin 2t - cos t - cos^2 t] [0,2π]

Simplifying and evaluating the limits of integration, we obtain:

W = 3π

Therefore, the work done by F over the curve in the direction of increasing t is 3π.

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The 95% confidence interval for the mean time for all players is given as follows:

(8.1, 10.9).

The t-distribution is used when the standard deviation for the population is not known, and the bounds of the confidence interval are given according to the equation presented as follows:

[tex]\overline{x} \pm t\frac{s}{\sqrt{n}}[/tex]

The variables of the equation are listed as follows:

The critical value, using a t-distribution calculator, for a two-tailed 95% confidence interval, with 10 - 1 = 9 df, is t = 2.2622.

The parameters are given as follows:

[tex]\overline{x} = 9.5, n = 10, s = 1.98[/tex]

The lower bound of the interval is given as follows:

[tex]9.5 - 2.2622 \times \frac{1.98}{\sqrt{10}} = 8.1[/tex]

The upper bound is given as follows:

[tex]9.5 + 2.2622 \times \frac{1.98}{\sqrt{10}} = 10.9[/tex]

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The decision to reject or not reject the null hypothesis depends on the chosen significance level. The smaller the significance level, the stronger the evidence needed to reject the null hypothesis.

In hypothesis testing, the significance level is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. It is usually set at 0.05 or 0.01. The P-value is the probability of obtaining a test statistic as extreme as the one observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

For a P-value of 0.081, we can say that there is some evidence against the null hypothesis but not strong enough to reject it.

If the significance level is set at 0.05, we should not reject the null hypothesis because the P-value is greater than the significance level.

However, if the significance level is set at 0.10, we may choose to reject the null hypothesis because the P-value is equal to or less than the significance level.
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For part a, since the alpha level is 0.10, the null hypothesis should be rejected if the P-value is less than or equal to 0.10. Since the P-value is 0.081, which is greater than 0.10, we do not reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the answer is B.

For part b, since the alpha level is 0.05, the null hypothesis should be rejected if the P-value is less than or equal to 0.05. Since the P-value is 0.081, which is greater than 0.05, we do not reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the answer is C. In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis is a statement that assumes there is no significant difference between the sample data and the population data. The hypothesis test is used to determine the validity of the null hypothesis by calculating the probability of observing the sample data if the null hypothesis is true. The significance level is the threshold value used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis. It is usually set to 0.05 or 0.01. The P-value is the probability of obtaining a test statistic as extreme as or more extreme than the one observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true. If the P-value is less than or equal to the significance level, we reject the null hypothesis. Otherwise, we do not reject it.

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Answer:

nine hundred sixty-five trillion four hundred six billion three hundred fifty-one thousand six hundred eighty-two and sixty-two hundredths

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The given parametric equations model the position of an object in circular motion with radius 4 and center at the origin.

The given parametric equations are:

x = 4 cos(t)

y = -4 sin(t)

To understand the motion of the object, we can plot its position in the xy-plane as t varies.

The equation x = 4 cos(t) represents the horizontal position of the object, which varies between -4 and 4 as t varies between 0 and 2π. The equation y = -4 sin(t) represents the vertical position of the object, which varies between -4 and 4 as t varies between 0 and 2π.

Thus, the object moves in a circle of radius 4 centered at the origin, in a counterclockwise direction, completing one revolution in 2π seconds.

We can also find the equation of the circle in Cartesian form by eliminating t from the given equations. Squaring both equations and adding, we get:

x^2 + y^2 = 16

which is the equation of a circle with radius 4 centered at the origin.

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The odds that are in favour of guessing the right answer would be = 1:5. That is option A.

The given multiple choice questions has only 5 possible answers.

This means that when both the correct and wrong answers are added together, the total should be = 5.

That is;

4:1 = 4+1 = 5

1:4 = 1+4 = 5

3:2 = 3+2 = 5

Therefore, 1:5 = 1+5 = 6 which can't be a possible answer as it's more than the total of the multiple choice questions.

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The value of the algebraic expression is -4m³ -22m² +28m²n +3mn -4

In mathematics, an algebraic expression is an expression built up from constant algebraic numbers, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number). For example, 3x² − 2xy + c is an algebraic expression.

The given expression is

−12m2 +8m3 +3mn−12m3n2 −2+14m2n+6m3n2 −11m2 −2+14m2n+6m3n2 −11m2

Rearrange this by collecting the like terms to have

8m³ - 12m² -11m² -11m² -12m³n² +6m³n² +6m³n² +14m²n + 14m²n + 3mn -2 -2

Simplify further to have

-4m³ -22m² +28m²n +3mn -4

In conclusion the expression gives -4m³ -22m² +28m²n +3mn -4

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The wavelength λ1 for gamma rays of frequency f1 = 5.50×1021 Hz is 5.45 × 10-14 m.

To calculate the wavelength λ1 for gamma rays of frequency f1 = 5.50×1021 Hz, we can use the formula:
λ1 = c/f1

where c is the speed of light in a vacuum, which is approximately 3.00 × 108 m/s.
Substituting the values given, we get:

λ1 = 3.00 × 108 m/s / 5.50 × 1021 Hz
λ1 = 5.45 × 10-14 m

Therefore, the wavelength λ1 for gamma rays of frequency f1 = 5.50×1021 Hz is 5.45 × 10-14 m.

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The producer surplus at the equilibrium quantity is 5488/3 or approximately 1829.33.

The equilibrium quantity is found by setting the demand equal to the supply:

862.4 - 0.6x² = 0.5x²

Simplifying and solving for x, we get:

1.1x² = 862.4

x² = 784

x = 28

So the equilibrium quantity is 28.

The producer surplus at the equilibrium quantity, we first need to find the equilibrium price.

The demand or supply function to do this and since the supply function is simpler, we'll use that:

s(28) = 0.5(28)²

= 196

So the equilibrium price is 196.

The producer surplus at the equilibrium quantity is the area above the supply curve and below the equilibrium price, up to the quantity of 28. The supply curve is a quadratic function can find this area using integration:

∫[0,28] (196 - 0.5x²) dx

= [196x - (0.5/3)x³] from 0 to 28

= (5488/3)

= 1829.33.

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The curl of the vector field F is (cos x - e^x sin z, cos y - e^y sin x, cos z - e^z sin y). The divergence of the vector field F is 0.

To find the curl of the vector field F(x, y, z) = (e^x sin y, e^y sin z, e^z sin x), we use the formula for curl:

curl(F) = (∂Fz/∂y - ∂Fy/∂z, ∂Fx/∂z - ∂Fz/∂x, ∂Fy/∂x - ∂Fx/∂y).

Calculating the partial derivatives:

∂Fz/∂y = e^z cos x, ∂Fy/∂z = e^y cos z,

∂Fx/∂z = e^x cos z, ∂Fz/∂x = e^z cos y,

∂Fy/∂x = e^y cos x, ∂Fx/∂y = e^x cos y.

Substituting these values into the curl formula, we get:

curl(F) = (e^z cos x - e^y cos z, e^x cos z - e^z cos y, e^y cos x - e^x cos y).

Simplifying further, we have:

curl(F) = (cos x - e^x sin z, cos y - e^y sin x, cos z - e^z sin y).

To find the divergence of the vector field F, we use the formula for divergence:

div(F) = ∂Fx/∂x + ∂Fy/∂y + ∂Fz/∂z.

Calculating the partial derivatives:

∂Fx/∂x = e^x sin y, ∂Fy/∂y = e^y sin z, ∂Fz/∂z = e^z sin x.

Adding these values together, we get:

div(F) = e^x sin y + e^y sin z + e^z sin x.

Simplifying further, we have:

div(F) = 0.

Therefore, the divergence of the vector field F is 0.

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In the triangles, the value of a and b are,

⇒ a = 9.4

⇒ b = 12.1

Since, The Pythagoras theorem states that in a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the square of the other two sides.

WE have to given that;

There are two triangles are shown.

Now, In first triangle,

Base = 5 cm

Perpendicular = 8 cm

Hence, By using Pythagoras theorem we get;

⇒ a² = 8² + 5²

⇒ a² = 64 + 25

⇒ a² = 89

⇒ a  = √89

⇒ a = 9.4

In second triangle,

Hypotenuse = 17 cm

Base = 12 cm

Hence, By using Pythagoras theorem we get;

⇒ 17² = 12² + b²

⇒ 289 = 144 + b²

⇒ b² = 289 - 144

⇒ b  = √145

⇒ b = 12.1

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the closing price of the toy company stock on that day was approximately $4.50 per share, and the closing price of the fast food restaurant stock was approximately $32.50 per share.

To solve a first-degree equation, we must find the value of the unknown (which we will call x) and, for this to be possible, just isolate the value of x in equality, that is, x must be alone in one of the members of the equation.

Organize the information:

Organize the information into equations:

Substitute the value of y from Equation 2 into Equation 1:

[tex]32(x + 28) + 78x = 1391\\32x + 896 + 78x = 1391\\110x + 896 = 1391\\110x = 495\\x=4.5[/tex]

Now find the value of Y:

[tex]y = x + 28\\y = 4.50 + 28\\y=32.5[/tex]

Therefore, the closing price of the toy company stock on that day was approximately $4.50 per share, and the closing price of the fast food restaurant stock was approximately $32.50 per share.

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To denote the population standard deviation of the pulse rates of women (in beats per minute), we can use the symbol σ (sigma). Now, let's identify the null and alternative hypotheses.

Null hypothesis (H₀): There is no significant difference in the pulse rates of women.
Alternative hypothesis (H₁): There is a significant difference in the pulse rates of women.

These hypothesis can be tested using appropriate statistical methods to determine if there's evidence to support or reject the null hypothesis.                      

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A. Matrix form as follows: Y = Xβ + ε

B. This is because one column of X can be expressed as a linear combination of the other column, resulting in a rank of 1.

C. β1 =[tex](X1^2 + X2^2)^{-1 }(X1Y) / (X1^2 + X2^2)^{-1} (X1^2)[/tex]

β2 = [tex](X1^2 + X2^2)^{-1} (X2Y) / (X1^2 + X2^2)^{-1} (X2^2)[/tex]

A. The multiple regression model with two independent variables and no intercept can be represented in matrix form as follows:

Y = Xβ + ε

where,

Y is an n x 1 vector of dependent variable observations

X is an n x 2 matrix of independent variable observations

β is a 2 x 1 vector of regression coefficients for the independent variables

ε is an n x 1 vector of errors

The matrix X contains the independent variable observations for each of the n observations, with each row representing an observation, and each column representing a different independent variable.

B. The rank of X is determined by the number of linearly independent rows in X. Since there is no intercept in the model, the columns of X are centered around zero, and therefore, the rank of X cannot exceed 1. This is because one column of X can be expressed as a linear combination of the other column, resulting in a rank of 1.

C. The least square estimators of β can be calculated as:

β = [tex](X^T X)^-1 X^T Y[/tex]

where, X^T is the transpose of X and[tex](X^T X)^-1[/tex] is the inverse of the matrix product of [tex]X^T[/tex] and X.

Expanding this formula, we get:

β =[tex][(X1^2 + X2^2) X1 X2]^-1 [X1 X2] [Y][/tex]

where,

X1 and X2 are n x 1 vectors representing the two independent variables in the model

[tex]X1^2[/tex] and[tex]X2^2[/tex]are n x n diagonal matrices with the squares of the elements of X1 and X2, respectively

[X1 X2] is an n x 2 matrix containing the two independent variables

[Y] is an n x 1 vector of dependent variable observations

Simplifying this expression, we get:

β1 =[tex](X1^2 + X2^2)^{-1 }(X1Y) / (X1^2 + X2^2)^{-1} (X1^2)[/tex]

β2 = [tex](X1^2 + X2^2)^{-1} (X2Y) / (X1^2 + X2^2)^{-1} (X2^2)[/tex]

where,

β1 is the least square estimator for the regression coefficient of X1

β2 is the least square estimator for the regression coefficient of X2

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The value of the range of function y = sin x is,

⇒ Range = -1 ≤ y ≤ 1

Since, A relation between sets of inputs which having exactly one output each is called a function.

And, an expression, or law that defines a relationship between one variable (the independent variable) and another variable (the dependent variable).

Here, The function is,

y = sin x

Now, We know that;

The range of y = sin x is,

⇒ Range = -1 ≤ x ≤ 1

Hence, Option A is true.

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