Radiation from the sun hits earth unequally and is absorbed by different materials in varying amounts. This is called differential heating.
What is differential heating?Differential heating is the property that causes different surfaces to heat up and cool down at different rates. The earth's surface receives different magnitudes of solar radiation and also the earth's surfaces absorb thermal energy in different magnitudes.
The color, shape, texture, surface and presence of constructions can influence the heating or cooling of the earth.
The earth in the equator line is heated more by solar action than that of the poles, since it receives more amount of radiation per unit area.
In general, dry surfaces heat up and cool down faster than wet ones.
Therefore, we can confirm that when radiation from the sun hits earth unequally and is absorbed by different materials in varying amounts is called differential heating.
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Calculate the radiative and collisional energy losses (in keV/micron) for a 1.9 MeV electron in lead and determine the rad./coll. ratio. (b) Plexiglas is often used to shield high-energy beta emitters rather than lead, even though lead is a better shield against the bremsstrahlung photons. Both shields will stop the high-energy beta, so why is Plexiglas used instead of lead?
Answer:
Explanation:
During an energy transfer, the collision loss for an electron can be determined by using the formula:
[tex]Q = \dfrac{4mME }{(m+M)^2}[/tex]
However; from the total stopping power & power loss of the electron;
[tex]\dfrac{radiational \ energy \ loss}{colisional \ energy \ loss } = \dfrac{ZE}{800}[/tex]
where;
Z = atomic no. for lead = 82
E = 1.9 MeV
∴
radiational energy loss = collisional energy loss [tex]=\dfrac{82 \times 1.9}{800}[/tex]
= 0.19475
b)
Normally, the traditional lead shielding in its pure shape contains high brittleness. However, the functionality of this carbon group chemical element is useful for protection because it has an excessive density.
Initially, the conventional lead protection however reduces the mild clarity at the same moment as plexiglass is useful for light transmittance and readability.
Moreover, the traditional lead with its high density and thickness reduces observation features, in the meantime, the plexiglass is a whole lot higher than the stated.
Finally, plexiglass contains a high dimensional balance with an excessive dielectric constant.
Which list of reaction types are all redox reactions?
A.
Synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement, combustion
B.
Synthesis, double-replacement, combustion, decomposition
C.
Acid-base, single-replacement, double-replacement, synthesis
D.
Decomposition, double-replacement, acid-base, synthesis
A. Synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement, combustion
List of reaction types are redox reactions:
Synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement, combustion.What are redox reaction ?"Redox reactions are oxidation-reduction chemical reactions in which the reactants undergo a change in their oxidation states." The term 'redox' is a short form of reduction-oxidation. All the redox reactions can be broken down into two different processes – a reduction process and an oxidation process.
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An uncharged parallel-plate capacitor is connected through an open switch to a battery of voltage VV. The switch is closed and the capacitor is allowed to charge. As the capacitor is charged, energy is transferred to it from the battery. When the capacitor is fully charged, the energy stored in the capacitor is U1U1 . The energy stored in the capacitor when the stored charge is q02q02 is
Answer:
(1/2)U₁
Explanation:
An uncharged parallel-plate capacitor is connected through an open switch to a battery of voltage VV. The switch is closed and the capacitor is allowed to charge. As the capacitor is charged, energy is transferred to it from the battery. When the capacitor is fully charged, the energy stored in the capacitor is U1U1 . The energy stored in the capacitor when the stored charge is q₁/2 is
Solution:
A capacitor is an electrical device used to store electrical energy in an electric field. The energy stored in a capacitor is given by:
U = (1/2)QV; where U is the energy stored, Q is the charge and V is the voltage applied.
The energy stored in a fully charged capacitor with a charge q₁ and battery of voltage V is given as:
U₁ = (1/2)q₁V
If the stored charge is q₁/2, the energy stored (U₂) becomes:
U₂ = (1/2)(q₁ / 2)V
U₂ = (1/2)* (1/2)q₁V
U₂ = (1/2)U₁
A loaded wagon of mass 10,000 kg moving with a speed of 15 m/s strikes a stationary wagon of the same mass making a perfect inelastic collision. What will be the speed of coupled wagons after collision?
Answer:
7.5 m/s
Explanation:
Unfortunately, I don't have an explanation but I guessed the correct answer.
What kind of reasoning is most often used to form hypotheses?
inductive
deductive
detective
invective
A parallel-plate capacitor is connected to a battery until it is fully charged. Then, the capacitor is disconnected from the battery and connected to two uncharged parallel plates that make up a capacitor. The potential between the plates of the initial capacitor will
Answer:
The potential between the plates will decrease.
Explanation:
An insulator is usually placed between the parallel plates and is also called a dielectric because it makes the amount of charge a capacitor can accommodate to increase at a particular potential difference.
Furthermore, the dielectric effect will make the electric field of the charged capacitor which is not connected to a source of supply to decrease.
Now, when the battery is removed, the charge Q remains constant and Capacity C will increase.
Formula for the potential difference is here;
V = Q/C
Since the numerator Q is constant and the denominator C increases, it means the potential difference V will decrease
types of aerobic activities?
Answer:
swimming, cycling, jump rope, brisk walking, gardening, jogging
Which of the following is the BEST explanation for why oceans have two different types of currents?
Answer:
sddww
Explanation:
szsswa
true or false please help me now.
Calibration graphs can be used to determine unknown concentrations in electrochemical
Answer:
false
Explanation:
Why are carbon atoms able to form many organic compounds?
A. Carbon atoms have strong attraction to other elements.
B. Carbon atoms attract electrons from other atoms.
C. Carbon atoms can form many types of bonds with other carbon.
D. All of the above
Answer:
yo imma so I dunno find out yourself
Explanation:
dhdhdhdnndsisijjsksskskekekekkekssisisieieieiiwiwiwieiwieidjdjddi?
The new springs will be identical to the original springs, except the force constant will be 5655.00 N/m smaller. When James removes the original springs, he discovers that the length of each spring expands from 8.55 cm (its length when installed) to 12.00 cm (its length with no load placed on it). If the mass of the car body is 1355.00 kg, by how much will the body be lowered with the new springs installed, compared to its original height
Answer:
Explanation:
For original spring , compression in spring due to a load of 1355 kg is
x = 12 - 8.55 = 3.45 cm = .0345 m
spring constant = W / x
= 1355 x 9.8 / .0345
= 384898.55 N /m
Spring constant of new spring
k = 384898.55 - 5655 = 379243.55 N /m
New compression for new spring
= W / k
= 1355 x 9.8 / 379243.55
= .035 m
= 3.50 cm
Difference of compression = 3.50 - 3.45
= .05 cm .
In later case , car will be more lowered by .05 cm .
A tank initially holds 100 gallons of salt solution in which 50 lbs of salt has been dissolved. A pipe fills the tank with brine at the rate of 3 gpm, containing 2 lbs of dissolved salt per gallon. Assuming that the mixture is kept uniform by stirring, a drain pipe draws out of the tank the mixture at 2 gpm. Find the amount of salt in the tank at the end of 30 minutes.
A. 171.24 lbs
B. 124.11 lbs
C. 143.25 lbs
D. 105.12 lbs
Answer:
A. 171.24 Ibs
Explanation:
To find the amount of salt in the tank,
Let Q = Amount of salt in the mixture
And let 100 + (3-2)t = 100 + t be the volume of mixture at anytime t.
Rate of gain - Rate of loss = dQ / dt
Concentration of salt = Q / (100+t)
For the linear differential equation,
dQ / dt = 3(2) - 2 [Q/ (100 + t)]
dQ /dt + Q [2 / (100 + t)] = 6
The general solution of the linear differential equation is:
Q (i.f) = ∫ A(t) (i.f) dt + C
Therefore,
i.f = e ^ ∫ P(t) dt
And P(t) = 2 / (100 + t)
i.f = e ^ ∫ 2 / (100 + t)
= e ^ 2㏑ (100 + t)
= e ^ ㏑ (100 + t) ^2 = (100 + t) ^2
Q(100 + t) ^ 2 = ∫6 (100 + t) ^2 dt + C
Q(100 + t) ^2 = 2(100 + t) ^ 3 + C
When t = 0, Q = 50
Therefore,
50( 100) ^2 = 2(100) ^3 + C
C = -1.5 * 10 ^6
therefore, when t = 30,
Q (100 + 30) ^2 = 2(100 + 30) ^3 - 1.5 * 10 ^6
Q (400) ^2 = 2(130) ^3 - 1.5 * 10 ^6
Q = 171.24 Ibs
The amount of salt in the tank at the end of 30 minutes is 171.24 lbs.
The given parameters:
Initial volume of the tank, i = 100 gallonsRate of gain of salt = 3 gpmRate of loss of salt = 2 gpmThe linear differential equation of the salt solution is calculated as follows;
[tex]\frac{dx}{dt} = Gain - loss[/tex]
where;
x is the salt concentrationThe salt concentration at time t, is calculated as follows;
[tex]\frac{dx}{dt} = 2(3) - 2(\frac{X}{100 + t} )\\\\\frac{dx}{dt} = 6 - 2(\frac{X}{100 + t} )\\\\\frac{dx}{dt} +2(\frac{X}{100 + t} ) =6[/tex]
Apply the general solution of linear differential equation as follows;
[tex]X(f) = \int\limits {At} \, dt \ + C\\\\f = e^{\int\limits {At} \, dt}\\\\ f = e^{\int\limits {\frac{2}{100 + t} } \, dt}\\\\f = e^{2 ln(100 + t)}\\\\f = (100 + t)^2[/tex]
[tex]X(100 + t)^2 = \int\limits {6(100 + t)^2} \, dt \ + \ C\\\\ X(100 + t)^2 = 2(100 + t)^3 + C[/tex]
When t = 0 and X = 50
[tex]50(100 + 0)^2 = 2(100+ 0)^3 + C\\\\C = -1.5 \times 10^6[/tex]
When t = 30 min, the concentration is calculated as;
[tex]X (100 + 30)^2 = 2(100 + 30)^3- 1.5 \times 10^6\\\\X(130)^2 = 2(130)^3 - 1.5\times 10^6\\\\X(130)^2 = 2894000\\\\X = \frac{2894000}{130^2} \\\\X = 171.24 \ lbs[/tex]
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How do dog whistles work?
The sound it emits comes from what is known as the ultrasonic range, a pitch that is so high humans can't hear it. Dogs can hear these sounds, however, as can cats and other animals. Because of this, the dog whistle is a favored training tool, though it may not be for every dog parent.
A car travels 150 kilometers west in 3 hours. What is its average velocity?
Your answer:
150 km/hr
50 km/hr
50 km/hr west
150 km/hr west
Answer:
C= 50km/hr west
Explanation:
150/3= 50
Because it asks for velocity, make sure to include the direction as well.
. You have two carts, one which is empty and has mass m. The second cart is of the same mass but loaded with twice the mass of the empty cart i.e. it has mass 3m. You push each of them (one at a time) with the same constant force, over the same distance, starting from rest. After you have pushed them through this distance, you remove the force. How will the kinetic energy of the loaded and empty carts compare to each other
Answer:
Their kinetic energies would be the same
Explanation:
This is because, since the force, F acting on them moves the same distance, d, the work done by the force is W = Fd.
Now, from work-kinetic energy principles,
W = ΔK where ΔK = change in kinetic energy of the carts.
Since the work-done is the same for both carts, their change in kinetic energies would also be the same.
Since they start from rest, ΔK = K' - K = K' - 0 = K'
So, the kinetic energies of the carts would be the same
In which situation are waves transmitted?
O A. A patient wears a lead apron at the dentist's office when getting
teeth X-rays.
O B. A light in a swimming pool comes on after dark to prevent
accidents in the water.
O C. A person wears earplugs to prevent hearing damage when fueling
a jet plane at the airport.
O D. A reflective screen is put on a parked car's dashboard to keep the
car from heating up in sunlight.
Answer: B. A light in a swimming pool comes on after dark to prevent
accidents in the water.
3. Two cyclists that are 500 m apart start biking toward each other. They bike at speeds of 6 and
4 m/s.
How long does it take for them to reach each other?
a.
b. How far does the slower biker travel?
Answer:
A) 50 seconds
B) 200 m
Explanation:
They are 500 metres apart.
And one of the bike loves at 6 m/s while the other loves at 4 m/s.
A) Let distance of the 6 m/s bike before they meet be x.
Thus, time = x/6
Since time = distance/speed
For the second bike at 4 m/s, his distance covered before they meet will be 500 - x
Thus, time = (500 - x)/4
Now they will meet each other at the same time. Thus;
x/6 = (500 - x)/4
Cross multiply to get;
4x = 3000 - 6x
6x + 4x = 3000
10x = 3000
x = 3000/10
x = 300 m
Thus, time will be;
t = 300/6
t = 50 seconds
B) Distance covered by the slower bike is (500 - x)
Since from a above, x = 300
Thus; distance = 500 - 300 = 200 m
HURRY Which change is an example of transforming potential energy to kinetic energy
A: changing thermal energy to electrical energy
B: changing mechanical energy to radient energy
C: changing nuclear energy to radiant energy
D: changing radient energy to electrical energy
Answer:
C. changing nuclear energy to radiant energy
Explanation:
Nuclear energy takes atoms in their potential state, split them (fission) or fuse them (fusion) creating chain reactions of radiant energy. Most nuclear electrical power plants use fission, radiant energy heats water making steam to spin turbines.
Or think of the atom bomb. Definitely potential energy until the fuse starts detonation and chain reactions. The radiant kinetic energy and shock waves were horrendous.
Answer:
The answer would be C, changing nuclear energy to radiant energy
Explanation:
Welcome have a good day.
For PN junctions, determine if each statement below is True or False:
a. There can be large net current from p-side to n-side under forward bias.
b. There can be large net current from n-side to p-side under reverse bias if reverse bias is sufficiently high.
c. Electron diffusion current flows from n-side to p-side.
d. Electric field magnitude is higher under reverse bias
e. Electrons in the transition region drift from p-side to n-side.
Answer:
a) True
b) True
c) false
d) True
e) True
Explanation:
a) True
In forward bias, the resistance of the p–n junction reduces and hence the electric charges can flow easily.
b) True
In reverse bias condition, the electric current is due to the minority charge carriers (negative).
c) False
direction of diffusion current is in the direction of movement of positive charge i,e towards n side
d) True
Because the breakdown of charge carriers occur due to which the current increases rapidly
e) True
A 14.0-g wad of sticky clay is hurled horizontally at a 90-g wooden block initially at rest on a horizontal surface. The clay sticks to the block. After impact, the block slides 7.50 m before coming to rest. If the coefficient of friction between block and surface is 0.650, what was the speed of the clay immediately before impact
Answer:the speed of the clay immediately before impact =72.58m/s
Explanation:
Given that
mass of the stick clay, M₁= 14.0 g = 0.014 kg
mass of the block ,M₂= 90 g = 0.09 kg
Therefore the total mass= (M₁+M₂) = 104g = 0.104 kg
Also, distance, s = 7.50 m
coefficient of friction μ= 0.650
Acceleration due to gravity ,g = 9.8 m/s²
Using the Work- Energy theorem,
change in kinetic energy = work done
final kinetic energy(K₂) - initial kinetic energy(K₁) = force, F x coefficient of friction, μ x distance,s
The final kinetic energy is zero because after the impact, the block with the clay comes to a stop after 7.50m
kinetic energy =Work done
0.5 x m x v²=coefficient of friction, μ x force(F) x distance,s(Since force = m g )
0.5 x m x v²= μ x m x g x s
0.5 x 0.104 x v² = 0.650 x 0.104x 9.8 x 7.5
v²= 0.650 x 0.104x 9.8 x 7.5 / 0.5 x 0.104
v²==95.55
V = 9.77 m/s
Using the conservation of momentum formulae where
M₁ V₁ + M₂ V₂ = (M₁ + M₂ ) V
Since V₂ which is the velocity of block is zero as the block is initially at rest, We now have that
M₁ V₁ = (M₁ + M₂ ) V
0.014 kg x V₁ = 0.104 x 9.77
V₁=0.104 x 9.77 / 0.014
V=72.58m/s
A crate rests on a flatbed truck which is initially traveling at 17.9 m/s on a level road. The driver applies the brakes and the truck is brought to a halt in a distance of 46.1 m. If the deceleration of the truck is constant, what is the minimum coefficient of friction between the crate and the truck that is required to keep the crate from sliding
Answer:
The minimum coefficient of friction required is 0.35.
Explanation:
The minimum coefficient of friction required to keep the crate from sliding can be found as follows:
[tex] -F_{f} + F = 0 [/tex]
[tex] -F_{f} + ma = 0 [/tex]
[tex] \mu mg = ma [/tex]
[tex] \mu = \frac{a}{g} [/tex]
Where:
μ: is the coefficient of friction
m: is the mass of the crate
g: is the gravity
a: is the acceleration of the truck
The acceleration of the truck can be found by using the following equation:
[tex] v_{f}^{2} = v_{0}^{2} + 2ad [/tex]
[tex] a = \frac{v_{f}^{2} - v_{0}^{2}}{2d} [/tex]
Where:
d: is the distance traveled = 46.1 m
[tex] v_{f}[/tex]: is the final speed of the truck = 0 (it stops)
[tex]v_{0}[/tex]: is the initial speed of the truck = 17.9 m/s
[tex] a = \frac{-(17.9 m/s)^{2}}{2*46.1 m} = -3.48 m/s^{2} [/tex]
If we take the reference system on the crate, the force will be positive since the crate will feel the movement in the positive direction.
[tex] \mu = \frac{a}{g} [/tex]
[tex] \mu = \frac{3.48 m/s^{2}}{9.81 m/s^{2}} [/tex]
[tex] \mu = 0.35 [/tex]
Therefore, the minimum coefficient of friction required is 0.35.
I hope it helps you!
All magnetic fields result from the movement of
A. charged particles
B. electrons only
C. protons only
D. neutrons only
two faer coin and unbayers
dice are thrown together list the
Sample space
determine the probabilities that
A head and even number
A prime number and atleast a tail
Formula One racers speed up much more quickly than normal passenger vehicles, and they also can stop in a much shorter distance. A Formula One racer traveling at 90m/s can stop in a distance of 110m. What is the magnitude of the car's acceleration as it slows during braking?
Answer:
The magnitude of the car's acceleration as it slows during braking is 36.81 m/s²
Explanation:
From the question, the given values are as follows:
Initial velocity, u = 90 m/s
final velocity, v = 0 m/s
distance, s = 110 m
acceleration, a = ?
Using the equation of motion, v² = u² + 2as
(90)² + 2 * 110 * a = 0
8100 + 220a = 0
220a = -8100
a = -8100/220
a = -36.81 m/s²
The value for acceleration is negative showing that car is decelerating to a stop. The magnitude of the car's acceleration as it slows during braking is therefore 36.81 m/s²
What is the correct coefficient for 2H2 + O2 →2H2O
Explanation:
2forH2,1for02,and2forH20
If all pairs of adjacent sides of a quadrilateral are congruent then it is called _________.
(A) rectangle (B) parallelogram (C) trapezium, (D) rhombus
Answer:
D
Explanation:
If you need an explanation feel free to ask.
How much force is needed to accelerate a 9,760 kg airplane at a rate of 3.6 m/s2?
OA. 2,711 N
OB. 35,136 N
OC. 126,490 N
OD. 9,760 N
Answer:
the answer is B: 35,136
Explanation:
force = mass × acceleration
force = 9760 × 3.6
35,136 = 9760 × 3.6
On Earth, the number flux of solar neutrinos from the p-p chain is:
f_neutrino = 2fo/2.62MeV
Other nuclear reactions in the Sun supplement this neutrino flux with a small additional flux of higher-energy neutrinos. A neutrino detector in Japan, named SuperKamiokande, consists of a tank of 50 kton of water, surrounded by photomultiplier tubes. The tubes detect the flash of Cerenkov radiation emitted by a recoiling electron when a high-energy neutrino scatters on it.
Required:
a. How many electrons are there in the water of the detector?
b. Calculate the detection rate for neutrino scattering, in events per day.
Answer:
Explanation:
The volume of the tank = 50 kton
50 kton = 5 × 10⁷ kg
Since 18 grams of water will contain: 10 electrons × 6.023 × 10²³
Then;
5× 10⁷ kg will contain [tex]( \dfrac{5 \times 10^7 \times 10^3}{18}) \times 10 \times 6.023 \times 10^{23}[/tex]
= 1.67 × 10³⁴ electrons
(b)
Suppose:
[tex]f_{neutrino} = \dfrac{2f_o}{26.2 MeV} = 6.7\times 10^{10} \ s^{-1} cm^{-2}[/tex]
Then;
10⁻⁶ of [tex]f_{neutrino} = 6.7 \times 10^{10} \times 10^{-6} \ s^{-1} cm^{-2}[/tex]
[tex]=6.7 \times 10^{4}\ s^{-1} cm^{-2}[/tex]
Thus, the number of high energy neutrinos which will interact with water is:
= [tex]6.7 \times 10^4 \times \sigma[/tex]
= [tex]6.7 \times 10^4 \times 10^{-43}[/tex]
= [tex]6.7 \times 10^{-39} s^{-1}[/tex]
For 1.67 × 10³⁴ electrons, the detection rate is:
[tex]6.7 \times 10^{-39} \times 1.67 \times 10^{34}[/tex]
[tex]= 11.19 \times 10^{-5} \ s^{-1}[/tex]
= 9.668 per day
Bill is walking to the store and he walks the first 500m in 60s. He then runs 1000m in 90s. After stopping for 45s, he was the remaining 450m to the store in 50s. What is the average velocity for Bills entire
trip?
Answer:
letra A segundo o couculo a divisão e completa
a passenger on cruise between San Juan, Puerto Rico and Miami, Florida accidentally drops a souvenir metal cube over the side of the boat, into the water. Each side of the metal cube measures 1 meter. The cube promptly sinks to the deepest part of the Puero Rico Trench. Once at the bottom, what pressure does the cube experience? Neglect Atmospheric Pressure. Use wikipedia to see depth of Trench!
Answer:
P = 84.1 MPa
Explanation:
The pressure at the bottom of column of of salt water of height h, is given by the following expression:[tex]P = \rho * g * h (1)[/tex]
where ρ = density of salt water (in Kg/m³),
g = acceleration due to gravity (in m/s²)
h = height of the column of water.
Replacing by their values in (1):[tex]P = \rho * g * h = 1023.6kg/m3*9.8m/s2*8380m = 84.1 MPa (2)[/tex]
Neglecting the atmospheric pressure, the pressure on the cube at the bottom of Puerto Rico Trench is given by (2):P = 84.1 MPa.