Suppose you want to study the relationship between smoking and cancer. You assume that smoking is a cause of cancer. Studies have shown that there are many factors affecting this relationship, such as the number of cigarettes or the amount of tobacco smoked every day; the duration of smoking; the age of the smoker; dietary habits; and the amount of exercise undertaken by the individual. All of these factors may affect the extent to which smoking might cause cancer. These variables may either increase or decrease the magnitude of the relationship. Which statement is false?

a. In the above example cancer is the dependent variable.
b. In the above example cancer is an independent variable.
c. In the above example the extent of smoking is an independent variable.
d. In the above example all the variables that might affect the relationship between smoking and cancer, either positively or negatively, are extraneous or mediating/moderating variables.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The correct answer is:

In the above example cancer is an independent variable. (b)

Step-by-step explanation:

In order to explain the choice made, let m first explain what independent and  dependent variables are:

Independent variable: An independent variable is a variable that is under the direct control of the experimenter, and can be changed at will. In this example, the number of cigarettes or amount of tobacco smoked is the independent variable because it can be manipulated at will, to determine the outcome of the dependent variable.

Dependent variable: A dependent variable is a variable that the experimenter sets out to study. The independent variable is not under the direct manipulation of the experimenter but has values that come about as a result of the change of the independent variable. In this example, cancer is the dependent variable, because it is the result of the manipulation of the amount of tobacco.

Therefore, it is not true to say that cancer is the independent variable as seen in option b


Related Questions

If you answer these questions i will give you free point's. (Answer all of them pls)


1. I am 50% of a quarter of 32.
2. I am two thirds of 60.
3. I am exactly half-way between 25% of 80 cm and 40% of 120cm.
4. I am one-quarter of 50% of 88kg.
5. I am 3% of half of 600 pounds.
6. I am exactly halfway between one fifth of 25cm and 2% of 300 cm.
7. I am greater that 0.6 kg, less than one-third of 6 kg, and equal to four times 10% of 3kg.

Answers

Answer:

1. 4

2.40

3. 28

4.11

5.12

6. 1

7. 1200

Step-by-step explanation:

I used • instead of x to show you multiply.

1. 1/4 (one quarter) of 32 = 8.
50% of 8 = 4

2. 2/3• 60 = 120/3 = 40

3. 25% = 0.25, 40% = 0.40
So 0.25 • 80= 20
0.40 • 120 = 48
Then subtract: 48-20 = 28. Half of 28 is 14. Add that 14 to 20, and your answer is 34. It will probably be helpful to either write that on a number line, or picture it on a number line.

4. 50% of 88kg is half of that, which is 44. One quarter = 1/4, so 44/4 = 11

5. Half of 600 pounds is 300 pounds. 3% = 3/100 = 0.03. Multiply that by 300 to get your answer. 300 • 0.03 = 9

6. 1/5 of 25cm = 25/5= 5
2% of 300 = 300• 0.02= 6
What is exactly halfway between 5 and 6? 5.5

7. Start this one with the last statement. 10% (0.10) of 3kg = 3•0.10= 0.3. Four times that = 4•0.3= 1.2

Then check: is that greater than 0.6? Yes.

One third of 6kg = 6/3= 2

Is 1.2 less than 2? Yes.

geometry need help asap

Answers

The value of angle LAF in the intersecting chords is determined as  104⁰.

What is the value of angle LAF?

The value of angle LAF is calculated by applying intersecting chord theorem, which states that the angle at tangent is half of the arc angle of the two intersecting chords.

Also this theory states that arc angles of intersecting secants at the center of the circle is equal to the angle formed at the center of the circle by the two intersecting chords.

m∠LAF = ¹/₂ (arc LF + arc YS)

From the diagram, we have arc LF = 160⁰ and YS = 48⁰

m∠LAF = ¹/₂ (160 + 48)

m∠LAF = 104⁰

Thus, the value of angle LAF is calculated by applying intersecting chord theorem.

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(0) A baker puts 10 kg of sugar equally into 8 bags. How much sugar is there in
each bag?​

Answers

Answer:

1.25 kg of sugar in each bag

Step-by-step explanation:

10/8 = 1.25

Please give a 5 star rating if this helped!

20 PTS !!!!!!
HELP PLEASE

Answers

It is 53...... BODMAS

Help please!!!

The finance charge on your credit card was supposed to be $12.22. Instead you were charged $19.54.
Find the absolute error and the relative error in the finance charge

Answers

Taxes and federal made you get charged like that but you can divide it

Answer:The absolute error is that they said that the finance charge will be $12.22 but the charge ends up being $19.54 . As for the relative error is that they said that the charge will be $12.22 but the charge was $19.54 which means they were unsure what the charge was and failed to check what it actually was.

Step-by-step explanation:


What is the value of f(-5)?

Answers

u have to plug in -5 as x in the function/equation

Answer:

None

Step-by-step explanation:

Cant solve it without an X value

Tanner had $42.80 and spent 20% of his money on a book including tax. If he paid with a $10 bill, how much change did Tanner get back?

A. $7.28
B. $6.24
C. $1.44
D. $17.54

Answers

C.
42.8 x 0.2 = 8.56
10 - 8.56 = 1.44

Three angles in a triangle measure x°, (4x+12)° and (3x+16)°. What is the measure of the largest angle in this triangle?

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

90°

3.- Una persona pinta el interior de un cuadrado de lado 15m, si antes de pintarlo
comete un error al medir la longitud de los lados de 0.2m, resolver por diferencial
(a).- ¿Cuál es el error máximo en el área de pintado (cuanto de diferencia de área
pinto más debido al error).​

Answers

Answer: SOrry no espanypol

Step-by-step explanation:

Question 4(8 points)
Ralph receives money from his family members for his high school graduation. He
decides he wants to spend no more than $120.00 on movies to bring with him to
college. Each DVD is $10.00, and each Blu-Ray is $15.00. He wants to purchase at least
8 movies. Determine the following,
You are given this inequality to represent "he wants to purchase at least 8
movies": x+y 28
BLANK 1: Would this be the correct way to write this (yes or no)?
BLANK 2-4: Fill in the blanks for the second inequality (all three answers are whole
numbers):
ys
x+
BLANK 5 AND 6:
What label would go on the x-axis, if you graphed this?
What label would go on the y-axis, if you graphed this?
BLANK 7 AND 8:
If Ralph were to JUST purchase DVDs, what is the maximum amount he could buy?
If Ralph were to JUST purchase Blu-Rays, what is the maximum amount he could buy?

Answers

what is your name? Jan kskskksk ksksmskksnsns nsksmms a ksmsms

help me plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

Answers

The first option, as it positively supports the claim stated.

Answer:

"Playing video games has been shown to enhance memory and even increase brain volume"

Step-by-step explanation:

The claim is approves the usage of video games.

The first piece of evidence supports the usage, citing how video games can "enhance memory" which is positive.

The second piece of evidence does the opposite and disapproves video games, citing them as an "addiction" which is negative.

What percent is represented by the region that is shaded? Exact
answers only (no rounding).

Answers

I jus sayin the park with the woods on the woods at the mall

Answer:

64 percent

Step-by-step explanation:

because there is 24 sq and 100 divided by 24 is 4, 4 times 16 is 64

Please help me anwser this

Answers

The values are given as:

a. Mean = 19

Median = 20

Mode = 22

Standard deviation = 7.2

Range  = 24

b. Mean = 75

Median  =  80

Mode  = 90

Standard deviation  = 16

Range = 100

What the measures of central tendency?

The three measures of central tendency include;

MeanModeMedian

The measures of dispersions are;

Rangeinterquartile range standard deviation

From the information given, if 4 is added to all the measures, we get;

Mean = 15 + 4 = 19

Median = 16 + 4 = 20

Mode = 18 + 4 = 22

Standard deviation = 3.2 + 4 = 7.2

Range = 20 + 4 = 24

If the values are multiplied by 5

Mean = 15(5) = 75

Median = 16(5) =  80

Mode = 18(5) = 90

Standard deviation = 3.2(5) = 16

Range = 20(5) = 100

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3,864,950 rounded to the nearest ten thousand

Answers

Answer:

3,870,000

Step-by-step explanation:

The 5 rounds the 9 into a 10

The 10 rounds the 4 into a 5

The 5 rounds the 6 into a 7

Put them all together and you get 3,870,000

I hope this helps, and have a great day! :)

Sadie swam x laps in the pool. Eric swam 3/5 more than that. Write an expression for the number of laps Eric swam

Answers

Answer:

y = 3/5 + x

'y' = # laps Eric swam

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

                                                             .

Step-by-step explanation:

                                                                  .

James had 42 dollars. He bought his sister a gift that cost x dollars. Write an expression representing how much money James has now.

Answers

Answer:

42 dollars -x......................

The volume of a cube, in cubic centimeters, is given by the function V(x) = x3, where x is the side length of the cube in centimeters. Write a new function for the volume of the cube in cubic millimeters.

Answers

I think we can all agree that 1 centimeter=10millimeters.

And if x is the side in centimeters then 10x will be the side in millimeters.

We just need to rewrite x^3 into (10x)^3.

Because you need to do the exponent to all part of the ( )...

(10x)^3=1000x^3

V(x)=1000x^3 cubic millimeters is the answer

Hence, a new function for the volume of the cube in cubic millimeters is [tex]V(x)=1000x^3[/tex].

What is the volume of cube?

The volume of a cube is defined as the total number of cubic units occupied by the cube completely.

A cube is a three-dimensional solid figure, having six square faces. Volume is nothing but the total space occupied by an object.

Here given that,

The volume of a cube, in cubic centimeters, is given by the function [tex]V(x) = x^3[/tex], where [tex]x[/tex] is the side length of the cube in centimeters.

As, [tex]1[/tex] centimeter=[tex]10[/tex]millimeters.

If the side is [tex]x[/tex] then the side in millimeter is [tex]10x[/tex].

So, we have [tex]x^3[/tex] which would be [tex](10x)^3[/tex]

[tex](10x)^3=1000x^3[/tex]

Then,

[tex]V(x)=1000x^3[/tex] cubic millimeters.

Hence, a new function for the volume of the cube in cubic millimeters is [tex]V(x)=1000x^3[/tex].

To know more about the volume of a cube

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Lines m and n are parallel Line m is described by the equation y = 40 +2. Line n contains the point (1, -3). Which of the following is an equation for linen?
A Oy-3= (2+1)
B. Oy+ 3 = 4(x - 1)
M
cOy-3 = 4(2+1)
DOy+3 = (- 1)

Answers

Answer:

B)Oy+ 3 = 4(x - 1)

Equation of the straight line   y +3 = 4( x-1)

Step-by-step explanation:

Explanation:-

Step(i):-

Given that the equation   y = 4x +2

and given that the point (1,-3)

The equation of the parallel line to the given line

                       ax +by +k=0

                       4x-y +k=0

This line is passing through the point (1,-3)

                  ⇒ 4(1) -(-3) +k=0

                  ⇒   4+3 +k=0

                          7 +k=0

                             k =-7

The equation of the Parallel line  4x-y -7 = 0

Step(ii):-

Given that the slope m = 4 and the point (1,-3)

Equation of the straight line

             y - y₁ = m(x-x₁)

             y -(-3) = 4( x-1)

            y +3 = 4( x-1)

what are integra in algebra ​

Answers

Answer:

this is what i found for ya:3

Step-by-step explanation:

In mathematics, specifically abstract algebra, an integral domain is a nonzero commutative ring in which the product of any two nonzero elements is nonzero. ... Noncommutative integral domains are sometimes admitted.

Answer:

That's the meaning of of integers in math and algebra: Whole numbers. No fractions allowed! Integers are counting numbers, and they include 0. ... In other words, integers can be negative, but they can't be fractional. Any number with a fraction – and that includes decimal fractions – is not an integer.

Step-by-step explanation:

Now look at the 5-year performance of Amazon. What do you think explains the general upward trend of the stock price?

Answers

Answer:

expansion

Step-by-step explanation:

I believe that the biggest reason for the general upward trend in the stock price is expansion. Amazon has expanded their company immensely over the last 5 years. They have also expanded into different markets such as drones, gaming, cloud streaming, video streaming, etc. All of these expansions and acquisitions have been incredibly profitable for Amazon and therefore reflect on the stock price. This also gives investors faith that the future of the company will continue growing which causes them to buy more stocks and therefore increase the price.

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

Help me pls I don't know what I'm doing ​

Answers

Answer:

B. 3.6

Step-by-step explanation:

I have no idea if this is right but my logic is 3.6 - 3.6 = 0

Answer:

B. 3.6

Step-by-step explanation:

The equation is

w - 3.6 = 0

That means start with some number. Then subtract 3.6 from that number. The result is 0. What number is it that when you subtract 3.6 from it you get 0? That number is 3.6 since 3.6 - 3.6 = 0. That means w, the unknown, must equal 3.6.

That is the explanation.

The way to solve the equation is to see what is being done to the unknown. The unknown here is w. On the left side, you see 3.6 being subtracted from w. In order to undo a subtraction, you must do the opposite operation which is an addition. In order to undo a subtraction of 3.6, you must add 3.6. The rule with equations is that you must do the same operation to both sides of the equation, so add 3.6 to both sides of the equation.

w - 3.6 = 0

Add 3.6 to both sides.

w - 3.6 + 3.6 = 0 + 3.6

w = 3.6

Answer: B. 3.6

Plz help. One winter day, the temperature in Houston is 12 degrees Celsius. Find the temperatures in these other cities.
A) In Minneapolis, it is 30 degrees colder than it is in Houston.

B) In Fairbanks, it is 9 degrees colder than it is in Minneapolis

C) Write an addition equation that represents the relationship between the temperature in Houston and the temperature in Fairbanks. (Hint: Equation means it must be solved; so it has an equal symbol)

Answers

A= -18
B= -27
12-39=-27
These should be the answers

Find the percent of change

1970's: $0.79
2010's: $3.72

Answers

Answer:

471%

Step-by-step explanation:

If you divide 3.72 by .79 you get 4.7088...

Multiply by 100 to get your percentage is 470.88...

Rounded to nearest percentage is 471

hope this helps

Treys grandmother has a framed picture with side lengths that are 12 inches. Trey wants to know how much wall space is needed for the picture.

Answers

Answer:

144 inches

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

144 inches :)

Step-by-step explanation:

Chad measured a house and its lot and made a scale drawing.
The backyard is 17 inches long
in the drawing.
The actual yard is 68 feet long.
What scale did Chad use for the drawing?

1 inch __ feet

Answers

Answer: 4 maybe because if its 17 inches divide 68 by 17 and it should give you your answer

Mia and her friends are planning a trip to the movies. They can go to the movies on Friday, Saturday, or Sunday, and there are 10 different movies at the theater. Which expression represents the number of different combinations of day and movie Mia and her friends can choose?

Answers

Answer:

30

Step-by-step explanation:

There are 3 days, and 10 movies.

3 x 10 = 30

Consider the following figure

Answers

The arrangement of the side length of the triangles from the least to the greatest is DF <  DE < EG <  EF <  GF.

What is the arrangement of lengths of the triangle?

The arrangement of the lengths of the triangle from the least to the greatest is determined as follows;

The size of the length of a triangle increases as the size of the angle opposite to the length increases.

That is the greater the size of the angle opposite the side length of a triangle, the greater the size of the side length of the triangle.

From the given diagram, we can arrange the size of the side length of the triangle as follows;

angle D = 180 - (57 + 58 )

angle D = 65⁰ (this is opposite to length EF)

So the arrangement of the side length of the triangles are;

length DF < Length DE < length EG < length EF < length GF

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Which of the following is the best estimate of the number of centimeters (cm) in 1 yard? (Note: 1 yard-3 feet; 1 foot-12 inches; 1 inch -2.54 cm)
..
36 cm
72 cm
90 cm
180 cm
CONTINUE

Answers

The best estimate of the number of centimeters (cm) in 1 yard is; Yard ⇒ feet ⇒ inches ⇒ centimeters

If we have to determine the number of centimeters in 1 yard, the best way is;

Here we convert  yard to feet = 1 yard = 3 ft

Then, we convert ft to inches = 1 ft = 12 inches

                                                  3 ft = 3 × 12 = 36 inches

Now, we convert inches to centimeters = 1 inch = 2.54 cm

                                            36 inches = 36 × 2.54 = 91.44 cm

Therefore, the best path is Yard to feet to inches to centimeters

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(a) The area of a rectangular garden is 7371 m².
If the width of the garden is 81 m, what is its length?
What is the Length of the garden:

Answers

Answer:

length = 91 m

Step-by-step explanation:

area = length * width

so,

7371 = length * 81

cancel out 81 by dividing on both sides

91 = length

What is the distance between points (-2, -5) and (-14, 4) on the coordinate plane

•9
•12
•14
•15

Answers

Answer:

15 units

Step-by-step explanation:

[tex]distance formula =\sqrt{(x_{2} -x_{1} )^{2} + (y_2 -y1)^{2} } } \\[/tex]

[tex]x_{1} = -2\\x_{2} = -14\\y_{1} = -5\\y_{2} = 4[/tex]

[tex]distance\\= \sqrt{(-14 - -2)^{2} + (4 - -5)^2 } \\= \sqrt{(-12)^2 + (9)^2} \\= \sqrt{144 + 81} \\= \sqrt{225} \\= 15\\Thus distance between the two points (-2,-5) and (-14,4) = 15 units[/tex]

Hope it helps....

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