When LiCl dissolves in water, the Li+ and Cl- ions become hydrated by water molecules, and these hydration interactions are the main contributors to the dissolution process being exothermic.
Specifically, the exothermicity arises due to the attractive electrostatic interactions between the ions and water molecules, which release energy as heat when the ions become surrounded by the solvent molecules.
In addition, the water molecules also form hydrogen bonds with each other and with the ions, further stabilizing the hydrated complex and contributing to the overall exothermicity of the process.
Therefore, the dissolution of LiCl in water is exothermic due to the particle-particle interactions between the ions and water molecules, including electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding.
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help please, balance the elements
The balanced form of the equations given above is as follows:
2Na + F₂ → 2NaF2Cl₂ + 7O₂ → 2Cl₂O₇3Ca + N₂ → Ca₃N₂What is a chemical equation?A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction where reactants are represented on the left, and products on the right.
A chemical equation is said to be balanced when the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation are the same.
According to this question, some equations are given. The balanced form of these equations using coefficients are given in the main answer part.
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Which of the following statements would only dump the data definitions and not the data of the mydatabase to backup.sql? a. pg_dump mydatabase > backup.sql b. pg_dump -a mydatabase > backup.sql c. pg_dump -s mydatabase > backup.sql d. pg_dump -d mydatabase > backup.sql
The option that would only dump the data definitions and not the data of the mydatabase to backup.sql is pg_dump -s mydatabase > backup.sql.
a. pg_dump mydatabase > backup.sql will dump the entire contents of the database, including both the data and the data definitions.
b. pg_dump -a mydatabase > backup.sql will dump only the data (i.e., it will append to the file) and not the data definitions.
c. pg_dump -s mydatabase > backup.sql will dump only the data definitions (i.e., the schema) and not the data.
d. pg_dump -d mydatabase > backup.sql will dump both the data and the data definitions.
Hence the correct option is C.
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The process of separating Na+ and Cl- against coulomb attractive force is ___________.
A. exothermic
B. Not enough information
C. endothermic
An ionic compound comprised of Na+ and Cl is sodium chloride. An anion is a negative charges chlorine ion (Cl) and a cation is a positive sodium ion (Na+).
What interactions between Cl and Na ions are there?The sodium and chlorine ions exert an electric pull on one another when one sodium electron is transferred to a chlorine ion, binding the sodium and chlorine molecules together.
What kind of force is attractive?Because it attracts objects to itself from any distance, gravitational force is a very well-known example of attraction. More details regarding how this force operates are provided by Newton's global law of gravity.
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a. Using proper arrow formalism, write down a mechanism for the formation of the acylium ion from the reaction between acetyl chloride and aluminium chloride. b. As a model system and using proper arrow formalism, write a mechanism for the Friedel-Crafts acylation of bromobenzene using the acylium ion formed in (a). To simplify your work, write a mechanism in which carbon-2 of bromobenzene (ortho- position) is the nucleophilic atom.
The mechanism of the reactions of both the subparts of the questions is below:
A)The formation of the acylium ion from the reaction between acetyl chloride and aluminium chloride can be described by the following mechanism:
Step 1: Formation of the complex
AcCl + AlCl3 → [AcCl-AlCl3]
Step 2: Deprotonation to form the acylium ion
[AcCl-AlCl3] → Ac+ + AlCl4-
In step 1, the acetyl chloride molecule reacts with aluminium chloride to form a complex. In step 2, the complex undergoes deprotonation to form the acylium ion, which is stabilized by the aluminium chloride.
(b) The mechanism for the Friedel-Crafts acylation of bromobenzene using the acylium ion formed in (a) can be described by the following steps:
Step 1: Formation of the complex
Ac+ + AlCl4- → [Ac-AlCl4]
Step 2: Attack of the ortho-carbon of bromobenzene
C6H5Br + [Ac-AlCl4] → C6H4Br-2-COCH3 + AlCl3
Step 3: Regeneration of the catalyst
AlCl3 + [Ac-AlCl4] → AcCl + AlCl4-
In step 1, the acylium ion formed in (a) reacts with aluminium chloride to form a complex. In step 2, the complex reacts with bromobenzene, and the ortho-carbon attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acylium ion to form a new carbon-carbon bond. In step 3, the catalyst is regenerated, and acetyl chloride is produced as a byproduct.
The arrow formalism for the three steps can be written as follows:
Step 1:
Ac+ AlCl4- [Ac-AlCl4]
↑ ↓ ↑
Step 2:
C6H5Br [Ac-AlCl4] C6H4Br-2-COCH3 AlCl3
↑ ↓ ↑ ↑
Nucleophile Electrophile Product Catalyst
Step 3:
AlCl3 [Ac-AlCl4] AcCl AlCl4-
↑ ↓ ↑ ↓
Catalyst Complex Byproduct Catalyst
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chem lab explain the resulting shift in equilibrium and any reaction that occurs to explain the change in color observed.
A chemical system is defined as a system at which equilibrium can be temporarily shifted out of equilibrium by adding or removing one or more of the reactants or products.
Le Chatelier`s Principle states that, "when a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change in temperatures, pressure, or concentration of a reactant or product, the system will, if possible shift its equilibrium position so as to partially counteract the effect of the change".
In equilibrium shifting, if the system gets darker red in color, then the equilibrium must be shifting to the right (i.e., towards producing more of the colored product). If the color of the system gets fainter (i.e., or disappears altogether), then the equilibrium must be shifting towards the left (toward the colorless components).
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Write the empirical formula of at least four binary ionic compounds that could be formed from the following ions: Mg+2 , Al+3 , I− , S−2
Here are four possible empirical formula of binary ionic compounds that can be formed from the given ions MgI2, Al2S3, MgS, AlI3.
The empirical formula of a compound is the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in the compound. To determine the empirical formula, we need to divide the subscripts in the molecular formula (if given) by the greatest common factor to get the simplest ratio. If we are not given a molecular formula, we can determine the empirical formula from the masses or percentages of the elements in the compound.
To write the empirical formula of a binary ionic compound, we need to combine a cation (positively charged ion) with an anion (negatively charged ion) in a way that balances the charges.
Magnesium iodide: Mg2+ + 2I- -> MgI2 (the charges balance as 2(+2) = 2(-1))
Aluminum sulfide: Al3+ + 3S2- -> Al2S3 (the charges balance as 3(+3) = 2(-2) + 3(-2))
Magnesium sulfide: Mg2+ + S2- -> MgS (the charges balance as 1(+2) = 1(-2))
Aluminum iodide: Al3+ + 3I- -> AlI3 (the charges balance as 3(+3) = 3(-1))
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measurements show that the energy of a mixture of gaseous reactants increases by 207. kj during a certain chemical reaction, which is carried out at a constant pressure. furthermore, by carefully monitoring the volume change it is determined that 181. kj of work is done on the mixture during the reaction. Calculate the change of energy of the gas mixture during the reaction in kJ.
Change in energy = 207. kJ - 181. kJ = 26. kJ
What is energy?
Energy is the ability to do work. It is the capacity to do something or to cause change. It can be found in many forms such as kinetic, electrical, chemical, nuclear, gravitational, thermal, and sound energy. It is all around us and is necessary for life. It is used to power everyday activities and to provide heat, light and motion. It can be produced by natural sources such as the sun or through human efforts such as burning fossil fuels. Energy can also be stored in batteries, fuel cells and other forms. Knowing how to use energy efficiently is important in today's world.
Therefore, Change in energy = 207. kJ - 181. kJ = 26. kJ
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of the following, is the most volatile. select one: a. ch4 b. cbr4 c. ccl4 d. cf4 e. c6h14
The most volatile of the following compounds is CH4.
Volatile compounds are those that have a high vapor pressure and can easily evaporate into a gas at room temperature. This is typically due to weak intermolecular forces, such as dispersion forces, that allow the molecules to easily escape from the liquid phase.
In this case, CH4 (methane) is the most volatile because it has the weakest intermolecular forces among the compounds listed. It is a nonpolar molecule with only dispersion forces between its molecules, making it easy for it to evaporate into a gas.
The other compounds listed, CBr4, CCl4, CF4, and C6H14, all have stronger intermolecular forces, such as dipole-dipole forces or hydrogen bonding, that make them less volatile and less likely to evaporate at room temperature.
Therefore, the correct answer is A. CH4.
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What is cellular respiration?
Help pls !!!
Explain how the mass of carbon is conserved during cellular respiration.
predict which of these is the most likely oxidation state and electronic configuration for a ruthenium cation:
The option where the most likely oxidation state and electronic configuration for a ruthenium cation is 3+ oxidation state, [Kr] 5s04d5. The correct answer C.
Ruthenium is a transition metal that belongs to Group 8 of the periodic table. It has several possible oxidation states, including +2, +3, +4, +5, and +6, with the +3 oxidation state being the most common. In this state, ruthenium has lost three electrons and has a +3 charge.
The +3 oxidation state is the most stable for ruthenium because it is close to a half-filled 4d subshell, which is a particularly stable electronic configuration. In the +3 oxidation state, ruthenium has three electrons in the 4d orbital, which is one electron away from a half-filled subshell.
Complete question:
Predict which of these is the most likely oxidation state and electronic configuration for a ruthenium cation:
A)2+ oxidation state, [Kr] 5s04d5
B)1+ oxidation state, [Kr]5s24d5
C)3+ oxidation state, [Kr] 5s04d5
D)3+ oxidation state, [Kr] 5s24d6
E)8+ oxidation state, [Kr]5s04d0
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make the structure of pamitoleic acid. show your photo below with a lasso around the double bond structure in the carbon chain.
The chemical formula of pamitoleic acid is CH₃(CH₂)5CH=CH(CH₂)₇COOH. The structure of pamitoleic acid is given in the image attached below.
Palmitoleic acid has been known to have a lot of beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity, cholesterol metabolism, and hemostasis. It has been concluded that palmitoleic acid may prevent beta-cell apoptosis induced by glucose or saturated fatty acids.
Recently, studies have reported that palmitoleic acid is useful in treating disorders related to skin hyperpigmentation, fibrosis and as an adjuvant in formulations for the treatment of secondary infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
Palmitoleic acid is one of the most common acids which is found in omega-7 fatty acids.
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Calculate the pH for each of the cases in the titration of 35.0 mL of 0.190 M KOH(aq) with 0.190 M HI(aq). Note: Enter your answers with two decimal places. before addition of any HI: after addition of 13.5 mL HI: after addition of 20.5 mL HI: after addition of 35.0 mL HI: after addition of 40.5 mL HI: after addition of 50.0 mL HI:
The pH is determined by the relative amounts of acid and base in each circumstance.
What is meant by proportional concentration?The rate of reaction increases with an increase in reactant concentration and decreases with a reduction in reactant concentration. The concentration of reactants has a direct relationship with the rate of reaction. Effect of concentration: According to the law of mass action, the rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactants, meaning that the rate of a reaction rises as the concentration of the reactants rises. Pressure: Pressure has the ability to raise reactant concentration.The rate is proportional to the reactant's concentration. The rate doubles with a doubling of concentration. The square of a reactant's concentration determines the rate. The rate increases four times when you twice the concentration.a) Before addition of HBr;
Number of moles of C5H5N = 25/1000 L × 0.180 M = 0.0045 moles
pOH = -log[0.0045 M]
pOH = 2.35
pH = 14 - 2.35 = 11.65
b) After addition of 12.5 mL of HBr;
Since the reaction is 1:1
Number of moles of HBr = 12.5/1000 L × 0.180 M = 0.00225 moles
The HBr is the limiting reactant
Amount of excess acid = 0.0045 M - 0.00225 = 0.00225 moles
Total volume of solution = 25mL + 12.5 mL = 37.5mL or 0.0375 L
molarity of excess H+ = 0.00225 moles / 0.0375 L = 0.06 M
pH = - log[0.06 M]
pH = 1.22
c) After addition of 24.0 mL of HBr;
Number of moles of acid = 24/1000 × 0.180 M = 0.00432 moles
Number of moles of excess acid = 0.0045 moles - 0.00432 moles = 0.00018 moles
Total volume of solution = 24.0 mL + 25.0 mL = 49mL or 0.049 L
Molarity of excess acid = 0.00018 moles/ 0.049 L = 0.00367 M
pH = -log[0.00367 M] = 2.4
d) After addition of 25.0 mL of HBr
Number of moles of acid = 25/1000 × 0.180 M = 0.0045 moles
We have an equal number of acid and base hence pH = 11.65
e) After addition of 34.0 mL of HBr;
Number of moles of acid = 34/1000 × 0.180 M =0.00612 moles
We can see that the base is the limiting reactant.
Number of moles of excess base = 0.00162 moles
Total volume of solution = 34 mL + 25 mL = 59mL or 0.059 L
Molarity of excess base = 0.00162 moles/0.059 L = 0.027 M
pOH = -log[ 0.027 M]
pOH = 1.56
pH = 14 - 1.56 = 12.44
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if q > keq, what does that say about the relationship of the system to equilibrium? group of answer choices A. the system is not at equilibrium and will produce more reactants to reach equilibrium (shift to the left). B. the system is at equilibrium. C. the system is not at equilibrium and will produce more products to reach equilibrium (shift to the right). D. there is no relationship between q and keq.
If q > Keq, it means that the reaction quotient, q, has a higher numerical value than the equilibrium constant, Keq and the system is not at equilibrium and will produce more reactants to reach equilibrium (shift to the left).
Therefore, the system is not at equilibrium and will shift in the direction that reduces the value of q and increases the value of Keq, which is toward the side of the reaction with fewer products and more reactants.
In this case, the system will shift to the left (produce more reactants) to reach equilibrium. This suggests that there is an excess of products or a deficiency of reactants in the system compared to what would be present at equilibrium.
Hence the correct option is A.
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he two reactions above, show routes for conversion of an alkene into an oxirane. if the starting alkene is cis-2-butene the configurations of the oxirane products, a and b are product a: cis product b: trans will either of these two oxirane products rotate the plane of polarization of plane polarized light? yes are you sure? an error was detected in your answer. check for typos, miscalculations, etc. before you submit this item again. submit answer try another version 10 item attempts remaining
Separation into two diametrically opposed social, political, or religious movements.
What is meant by polarization?Polarization, a property of transverse waves, describes the geometric orientation of the oscillations The direction of the oscillation in a transverse wave is the opposite of the wave's motion direction. A simple example of a polarised transverse wave is vibrations along a taut string, as a guitar string. Depending on how the string is pulled, the vibrations can be horizontal, vertical, or at any angle perpendicular to the string. Since the displacement of the oscillating particles always occurs in the direction of the wave's propagation, polarisation does not occur in longitudinal waves, such as sound waves in a liquid or gas.
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predict the major product for each of the following reactions:5-methyl-3-hexyne or 5-methylhex-3-yne is a 6 carbon chain with a triple bond between carbons 3 and 4 and a methyl substituent on carbon 5. this reacts with c l 2 to give product 1. product 1 then reacts with c l 2 to give product 2.
When 5-methyl-3-hexyne (or 5-methylhex-3-yne) reacts with Cl2, the triple bond will be broken, and two Cl atoms will be added to the two adjacent carbons, forming a dihalogenated alkene.
This will result in the formation of a trans-dihalogenated alkene, where the two Cl atoms are on opposite sides of the double bond. The major product for the first reaction will be 5-methyl-3-hexene-1,2-dichloro, which is formed by the addition of two Cl atoms to the carbons 3 and 4, and the formation of a double bond between carbons 2 and 5. The major product of this reaction will be 5-methyl-3,4-dichloro-2-hexene, which is formed by the addition of two Cl atoms to the carbons 2 and 5, and the addition of two more Cl atoms to the carbons 3 and 4.
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Which of the following scenes best represents how the ions occur in an aqueous solution of
1. [ Select ] ["C", "A", "B"] MgCl2
2. [ Select ] ["A", "C", "B"] Na2SO4
3. [ Select ] ["B", "A", "C"] NH4Br
MgCl2: In an aqueous solution of MgCl2, the ions occur as Mg2+ and Cl–.
Na2SO4: In an aqueous solution of Na2SO4, the ions occur as Na+ and SO42-.
NH4Br: In an aqueous solution of NH4Br, the ions occur as NH4+ and Br–.
1. MgCl2: In an aqueous solution of MgCl2, the ions occur as Mg2+ and Cl–. This is represented by the scene "A" where two positive (+) ions and two negative (-) ions are shown. The equation for this is: MgCl2 → Mg2+ + 2Cl–
2. Na2SO4: In an aqueous solution of Na2SO4, the ions occur as Na+ and SO42-. This is represented by the scene "C" where two positive (+) ions and two negative (-) ions are shown. The equation for this is: Na2SO4 → 2Na+ + SO42-
3. NH4Br: In an aqueous solution of NH4Br, the ions occur as NH4+ and Br–. This is represented by the scene "B" where one positive (+) ion and one negative (-) ion are shown. The equation for this is: NH4Br → NH4+ + Br–
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carbohydrates serve as a vital source of chemical energy to the human body. carbohydrates are broken down into smaller units of glucose, among other sugars, providing energy to various muscles and orgnas, including the brain. on average, for every 15.0g of carbohydrates consumed, the body will store 250kj of energy.convert this energy value to kilocalories (kcal).
The energy value to kilocalories (kcal) would be 32.5 kcal.
What is the difference between energy value and kilocalories?One kilogram of water requires one kilocalorie (1 kcal, or 1000 calories) of heat energy to raise its temperature by one degree Celsius (°C). Joule is the SI-standard unit for energy (J). About 4.18 calories make up one kcal.
The phrase used to describe how much energy is needed to raise a liter of water's temperature by one degree Celsius at sea level. The term "calorie" is frequently used in nutrition terminology to describe a unit of dietary energy.
Let the equation be
1 kJ = 1,000 J
1 cal = 4.184 J
1 kcal = 1,000 cal
136 kj x 1000j/1kj = 1.36 x [tex]$$10^5[/tex] J
simplifying the equation, we get
1.36 x [tex]$$10^5[/tex] J x 1 cal/4.184J = 32, 500
32500 cal x 1 kcal/1,000 cal = 32.5 kcal.
Therefore, the energy value to kilocalories (kcal) would be 32.5 kcal.
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The observed lines in the emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen are given by v~(cm−1)=RH(cm−1)(1n21−1n2)cm−1,n>n1 In the notation favored by spectroscopists, v~=1/λ=E/hc and RH=109,677 cm−1. The Lyman, Balmer, and Paschen series refers to n1 =1, 2, and 3, respectively, for emission from atomic hydrogen. Part A What is the highest value of v~ for the Lyman series? Express your answer using six significant figures. What is the highest value of v~ for the Balmer series? Express your answer using six significant figures. What is the highest value of v~ for the Paschen series? Express your answer using six significant figures. What is the highest value of E for the Lyman series? What is the highest value of E for the Balmer series?What is the highest value of E for the Balmer series?What is the highest value of E for the Paschen series?
The formula given relates the frequency of the photon emitted to the difference in energy levels of the hydrogen atom. The energy of the photon is given by
E = hν
where h is Planck's constant and ν is the frequency.
Part A:
The highest value of v~ for the Lyman series corresponds to the transition from n=2 to n=1. Plugging in the values, we get:v~ = RH(1/12 - 1/22) = 3.28984 x 1015 cm-1
The highest value of v~ for the Balmer series corresponds to the transition from n=3 to n=2. Plugging in the values, we get:v~ = RH(1/22 - 1/32) = 1.09737 x 1015 cm-1
The highest value of v~ for the Paschen series corresponds to the transition from n=4 to n=3. Plugging in the values, we get:v~ = RH(1/32 - 1/42) = 4.34013 x 1014 cm-1
To find the highest value of energy (E) for each series, we can use the relationship E = hν. Using Planck's constant (h) and the highest frequency (v~) for each series, we get:
For the Lyman series: E = hv~ = (6.626 x 10-34 J s)(3.28984 x 1015 s-1) = 2.18 x 10-18 JFor the Balmer series: E = hv~ = (6.626 x 10-34 J s)(1.09737 x 1015 s-1) = 6.626 x 10-19 JFor the Paschen series: E = hv~ = (6.626 x 10-34 J s)(4.34013 x 1014 s-1) = 2.76 x 10-19 JHence, the answer is,
The highest value of v~ for the Lyman series corresponds to the transition from n=2 to n=1. Plugging in the values, we get:v~ = RH(1/12 - 1/22) = 3.28984 x 1015 cm-1
The highest value of v~ for the Balmer series corresponds to the transition from n=3 to n=2. Plugging in the values, we get:v~ = RH(1/22 - 1/32) = 1.09737 x 1015 cm-1
The highest value of v~ for the Paschen series corresponds to the transition from n=4 to n=3. Plugging in the values, we get:v~ = RH(1/32 - 1/42) = 4.34013 x 1014 cm-1
Write a short note on the hydrogen spectrum.
The hydrogen spectrum refers to the pattern of lines that are observed when the emission spectrum of hydrogen is analyzed. It is caused by the excitation of electrons in hydrogen atoms, which emit light of specific frequencies as they return to lower energy states. The hydrogen spectrum consists of several series of lines, including the Lyman, Balmer, and Paschen series, which correspond to different electron transitions. The study of the hydrogen spectrum played a crucial role in the development of quantum mechanics and our understanding of atomic structure.
To find the highest value of energy (E) for each series, we can use the relationship E = hν. Using Planck's constant (h) and the highest frequency (v~) for each series, we get:
For the Lyman series: E = hv~ = (6.626 x 10-34 J s)(3.28984 x 1015 s-1) = 2.18 x 10-18 JFor the Balmer series: E = hv~ = (6.626 x 10-34 J s)(1.09737 x 1015 s-1) = 6.626 x 10-19 JFor the Paschen series: E = hv~ = (6.626 x 10-34 J s)(4.34013 x 1014 s-1) = 2.76 x 10-19 JTo learn more about hydrogen spectrum, follow the link:
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Use the relative electronegativity values of the elements in formaldehyde to explain why the distribution of electron density appears as it does.
Formaldehyde is a molecule with the chemical formula CH2O. It consists of a central carbon atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom, with a double bond between the carbon and oxygen atoms. The relative electronegativity values of the elements involved in formaldehyde are as follows:
• Carbon: 2.55
• Hydrogen: 2.20
• Oxygen: 3.44
What is the role of electronegativity?Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract the electrons towards itself in a covalent bond. In a covalent bond between two different atoms, the electrons are shared between them, but they may not be shared equally. In formaldehyde, the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the carbon atom. Therefore, the oxygen atom attracts the shared electrons in the double bond more strongly towards itself, resulting in a greater electron density around the oxygen atom. This creates a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom and a partial positive charge on the carbon atom. Similarly, the hydrogen atoms in formaldehyde have a lower electronegativity than the carbon atom. Therefore, the electrons in the C-H bonds are shared unequally, with a partial negative charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial positive charge on the carbon atom.
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draw and name the product for the reaction between an alkyne and one equivalent of hcl . 3 methyl 1 butyne or 3 methyl but 1 yne is a 4 carbon chain with a triple bond between carbons 1 and 2 and a methyl substituent on carbon 3. this reacts with h c l to give the product.
the outcome of combining an alkyne with one equivalent of hcl is st -CEC-H + 1H-CI. 3-methyl-1-butyne 2-chloro-3-methyl-1-butene.
An alkyne is a type of hydrocarbon with a triple bond between two carbon atoms, which makes it unsaturated and more reactive than its corresponding alkane or alkene. Alkynes have the general formula CnH2n-2 and can have multiple triple bonds, giving rise to a range of isomers with different properties. Alkynes are used in many industrial processes, such as in the production of polymers, solvents, and pharmaceuticals, and are also important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alkynes can undergo various types of reactions, such as addition, substitution, and polymerization, and their reactivity can be modulated by the choice of substituents, reaction conditions, and catalysts. Alkynes are also of interest in the field of materials science, as they can form strong covalent bonds with metals and semiconductors, and can be used as building blocks for molecular electronics and nanotechnology.
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10. Changing the volume of the system alters the equilibrium position of this equilibrium:
2( ) 2( ) 3( ) 3 2 N H NH gg g
+
But a similar change has no effect on this equilibrium:
2( ) 2( ) ( ) 2 H Cl HCl gg g
+
Explain.
For NH4NO3(s) write a balanced equation. Add type of reaction and oxidation charges for each element if applicable.
In a redox reaction, there is a transfer of electrons
What is a balanced redox reaction?The question is incomplete but it seems to have something to do with redox reactions.
A balanced redox reaction is a chemical equation that represents a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction with the same number of atoms of each element on both the reactant and product sides and the same total charge on both sides. In a redox reaction, there is a transfer of electrons from one substance (the reducing agent) to another substance (the oxidizing agent).
In order to balance a redox reaction, you need to balance the number of atoms of each element in the reaction, and also balance the charges.
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What is the mass in grams of 7.55x10^23 atoms of nitrogen?
N(14.01). Round off answer (at end of calculation) to 3 significant figures or it will be counted wrong.
Do not include unit, g.
Based on the mass of 1 mole of nitrogen atoms, 7.55 x 10²³ atoms of nitrogen have a mass of 17.56 grams.
What is the number of atoms in 1 mole of nitrogen?The number of atoms in 1 mole of nitrogen = 6.02 * 10²³ atoms
The mass of 1 mole of atoms of nitrogen = 14 g
Hence, 6.02 * 10²³ atoms has a mass of 14.01 g
Mass of 7.55 x 10²³ atoms = 14.01 g/mol * 7.55 x 10²³ / 6.02 * 10²³
The mass of 7.55 x 10²³ = 17.56 g
So,7.55 x 10²³ atoms of nitrogen have a mass of 17.56 grams.
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define the terms acid and base. also, define ph and describe the relationship between ph and the h concentration of a solution.
Acid is sour taste, corrosive and has lots of H+, while base is soapy and has lots of OH-. A pH is degree to measures how acid or base a solution is. The more H+ ions, the more acidic it is and the lower the pH will be.
Acids and basesThe terms acid and base describe chemical characteristics of the substances. The properties of acids are as follow :
Acid has corrosive traitsAcid has sour tasteAcid turn the litmus from blue to redAcid produces hydrogen (H+) ions when it is added to waterFor example : lemon, vinegar and others
While base (alkalies) has these properties :
Base is soapy or feel slippery to touchBase change the litmus from red to blueBase split to form hydroxide ions or OH- as added to waterFor example : soap and many more
To measure the strength of the acids and bases, we can see from the pH scale. pH stands for potential or power of hydrogen. The pH scale is range from 0 to 14. Acids have a pH below 7, bases have a pH above 7 while pH 7 is said to be neutral.
Thus, the more H+ ions, the more acidic it is and the lower the pH will be.
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1.
What is the physical state of matter (i.e., solid, liquid, or gas) at room temperature for element 35?
(1 mark)
2.
If the name with 115 protons in its nucleus were suddenly discovered, what period and what group
would they be in? (2 marks)
? Why did
Element 115 would be predicted to react in a similar to element
you choose this element? (2 marks)
Is element 115 more likely a metal or non-metal? (1 mark)
Will astatine (element 85) look more like iodine (element 53) or fluorine (element 9)? Why? (2
marks)
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Why do you think hydrogen (element 1) is on both sides of the periodic table? (2 marks)
Name a metal that is in the liquid state at room temperature. (1 mark)
Explain the difference between an atom and an ion. (2 marks)
Use your periodic table, pick out which atom with the highest ionization energy in these lists: (1
mark each = 4 marks)
9.
a)
Na, Sr, Be, Rb
b)
B. Al, C, Si
c)
Fr, Fe, Zn, Cl
d) Cu, Ag, Au, B
10. Why is second ionization energy of atom always larger than its first ionization energy? (1 mark)
11. Which of the atoms in each of the following groups has the largest atomic radius? (1 mark each
= 3 marks)
a)
Cl, Si, K
b) Cs, Ca, Be
c) N, Al, Cl
12. Arrange these groups of atoms in order of increasing atomic radius: (1 mark each = 3 marks)
a) Xe, Ar, Kr
1) Element 35 is a gas
2) It would be in period 7
3) It would be a non metal
4) At would look more like iodine because both of them are closer down the group.
5) It can act both as metal and non metal.
6) Atom is neutral while ions have a charge
7) The second ionization energy is larger because it would take more energy to remove an electron from a positive specie
a) Cl has the largest atomic radius
b) Ca has the largest atomic radius
c) Cl has the largest atomic radius
8) In order of increasing atomic radius we have; Ar < Kr < Xe
What is the periodic table?The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized on the basis of their atomic number, electron configurations, and chemical properties.
The periodic table is one of the most important tools in chemistry, as it provides a convenient way to identify and categorize the elements. The elements are arranged in rows and columns, with elements in the same row having similar chemical and physical properties. The periodic table is used by scientists and students to understand the properties of elements, predict the chemical behavior of substances, and form hypotheses about new elements that have not yet been discovered.
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. Why do you need to fill the bomb with pure oxygen? What would happen if you skipped that step and just allowed the bomb to fill with air?
To calculate the heating value of both solid and liquid fuels, one uses a bomb calorimeter. It is made up of a powerful steel shell called a bomb. It is composed of a base that holds the platinum cross.
What exactly is a solid defined as?
It seems evident what a solid is; a solid is typically thought of as hard and firm. However, closer examination makes the term less clear. For instance, a butter cube is unmistakably a solid since it becomes hard after being kept in a refrigerator. Having stayed on the
A crystalline solid is what?
A solid that has its component atoms and molecules (or occasionally ions) arranged in a crystalline structure microscopic structure is referred to as a crystal lattice (also referred as a crystal). A homogeneous microscopic structure known as a crystal lattice extends across every point of the crystalline solid.
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Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide? A) amylopectin
B) cellulose
C) pectin
D) chitin
E) none of the above
C): Pectin is a heteropolysaccharide.
Pectin is a heteropolysaccharide, which is a complex carbohydrate made up of different types of monosaccharides. It is commonly found in the cell walls of plants and is used as a gelling agent in the food industry. Amylopectin and cellulose are both homopolysaccharides, meaning they are made up of only one type of monosaccharide (glucose). Chitin is a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, which is a type of amino sugar, but it is not classified as a heteropolysaccharide.
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If the chromium, Cr, contamination in water is 5ppm, how many grams of Cr are present in 1000g of pond water?
5 ppm of Cr means 5 mg is present in 1 L of water. Then, 1000 g of water is containing 5 mg or 0.005 g of chromium.
What is ppm ?PPM or part per million is a term used to express the concentration of a solution. 1 ppm is equal to 1 mg of the solute in 1000 ml or in 1 L of the solution.
ppm = weight of solute/mass of solution ×10⁶. = mg/L
ppm is used to express very minute quantity of ay sample. Usually used in the concentration of heavy metals in water.
It is given that the concentration of Cr in water is 5 ppm, which means 5 mg per one liter of water. 1 l of water is 1000 ml or 1000 g of water. Hence, 1000 g of water contains 5 mg or 0.005 g of Cr.
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find the mass of a 50.0 ml quantity of water if the density of water is 100 grams/ml
Answer: 5 × 10^3 g
Or, without significant figures, 5000 g.
To find the mass when given volume and density, multiply the volume with density.
Dimensional analysisWe can solve using dimensional analysis or the 'cancelling out units' method.
We are looking for the mass, which will be in grams (g).Write volume and density as fractions so that other units cancel.[tex]m = \frac{50.0\ mL}{1}*\frac{100\ g}{1\ mL}[/tex]
[tex]m = \frac{50.0}{1}*\frac{100\ g}{1}[/tex] Since mL is in the top and bottom, they cancel out.
[tex]m = 5000\ g[/tex] Multiply to find the answer.
[tex]m = 5 * 10^{3}\ g[/tex] Write the answer with significant figures.
Therefore, the mass of 50.0 mL of water is 5 × 10^3 g.
This is the same as 5000 g if we do not consider significant figures.
Significant figuresIf we use significant figures in this answer, we only keep 1 significant figure. When multiplying numbers, the final answer will have the same amount of significant figures as the numbers in the question with the least amount of significant figures.
If the numbers in the question have different amounts of significant figures, we will take the least amount of significant figures from the problem.
We had two numbers from the problem and they had different amounts of significant figures:
50.0—This has 3 significant figures.100—This has 1 significant figure. This number has the least amount of significant figures.So, our final answer should only have 1 significant figure.
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write the balanced nuclear equation for the alpha decay of each isotope. po84200 nuclear equation: thorium-229
The balanced nuclear equation for the alpha decay of polonium-84, and the nuclear equation for thorium-229 are:
Polonium-84 alpha decay:
^84Po --> ^4He + ^80Hg
In this equation, an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus with a mass number of 4 and atomic number of 2, is emitted from the polonium-84 nucleus, resulting in the formation of a mercury-80 nucleus.
Thorium-229 nuclear equation:
^229Th
Thorium-229 is a stable isotope and does not undergo alpha decay or any other form of radioactive decay under normal circumstances.
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