Toll-like receptors are eukaryotic membrane proteins that bind with bacterial surface molecules and: ____________

a. cause the cell to phagocytize the bacteria.
b. activate the complement cascade.
c. cause the release of antibiotics to kill the bacteria.
d. form channels through which bacterial proteins can enter the eukaryotic cell.
e. cause the release of cytokines that trigger host defenses against the bacteria.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

release cytokines that trigger host defenses against the bacteria

Explanation:


Related Questions

The use of biological processes to protect and repair the environment from negative human impacts is part of a growing area of biological applications called .

Answers

Bioremediation is that process which use the biological organisms to protect and repair the environment.

Bioremediation refers to the use of biological agents or processes in order to protect and repair the environment from negative human impacts. This phenomenon depends on stimulating the growth of specific type of microbes that utilize contaminants such as oil, solvents and pesticides as a sources of food and energy.

These microbes has the ability to use these harmful substances as a food and convert these contaminants into water as well as harmless gases like carbon dioxide so we can conclude that bioremediation is that process which use the biological organisms to protect and repair the environment.

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What results at the end of biochemical reactions that involve enzymes?

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The results at the end of biochemical reactions that involve enzymes are one or more PRODUCTS. They are the consequence of these reactions.

Chemical reactions

A chemical reaction can be defined as a process where one or more substrates react in presence of an enzyme to generate one or more products.

These enzymes are proteins that catalyze different reactions by lowering the activation energy.

The enzymes bind to specific substrates in order to form a complex which is required to carry out the reaction.

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How is real life fingerprinting different from the techniques used on CSI?

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CSI used various techniques for fingerprinting like powder dusting, iodine fuming, silver nitrate soaking, etc to determine the fingerprint of criminals.

What do you mean by CSI?

CSI stands for Crime Scene Investigation. It is a brach that investigates crime scene evidence.

Real-life fingerprinting does not involve critical techniques for identification. While CSI performs various techniques and is able to find the most similarity between the real criminal involves in any violent activity.

Therefore, CSI used various techniques for fingerprinting like powder dusting, iodine fuming, silver nitrate soaking, etc to determine the fingerprint of criminals.

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Real-life fingerprinting differs from CSI techniques. While CSI portrays fingerprint analysis as rapid and foolproof, reality involves a slower and more nuanced process.

Real-life fingerprinting is a more involved process than the quick and ostensibly error-proof fingerprint analysis seen on CSI. CSI frequently depicts fingerprint matching as a straightforward database search that produces instant identification. However, in the actual world, fingerprint analysis is carried out by skilled experts who painstakingly check ridge patterns, minute spots, and other traits to assure precise matches. To avoid mistakes, this procedure can be time-consuming and requires knowledge.

In addition, the way that huge, networked databases are shown in CSI oversimplifies reality. Although modern technology makes fingerprint comparison easier, the vast network of records that are easily available is more fantasy than reality. Real-world law enforcement databases are subject to stringent guidelines and restrictions.

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PLEASE ANSWER ASAP.
Explain what friction, corollas, and a low pressure gradient does to an air parcel. IF YOU CAN PLEASE GIVE A SHORT ANSWER.

Answers

Answer:

sorry big answer Answer with Explanation:

Coriolis Force - refers to the fictitious force that acts perpendicularly to the direction of a rotating motion.

Air parcel - refers to a body of air that is "imaginary."

Pressure gradient - the change in pressure across a given distance.

Pressure gradient force - the net force that is being directed from high pressure to low pressure.

When an air parcel is at rest, the pressure gradient force acts upon it. It will then move from high pressure to low pressure.

However, when the air parcel starts to be in motion, its direction will be changed with the help of the Coriolis force. Thus, it moves to the right side of the Northern hemisphere.

Once the speed of the wind increases, the change in direction of the air parcel increases. This happens until the pressure gradient force and the Coriolis Force are equal in magnitude. When this happens, the wind will start blowing parallel to the points of equal pressure. The wind will now then be referred to as in "geostrophic balance."

When friction happens, the geostrophic balance breaks. The flow of the wind will be slowed down. This means that the Coriolis force will also be lessened. The air parcel will then move towards the lower region.

Explanation:

When ATP releases some energy, it also releases inorganic phosphate. What purpose does this serve (if any) in the cell

Answers

It transfers gamma phosphate to the pump protein in a process called phosphorylation.

which organelles do both plant and animal cells have in common?

Answers

Animal cells and plant cells share the common components of a nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and a cell membrane. Plant cells have three extra components, a vacuole, chloroplast and a cell wall.

what is the overall purpose of cellular respiration?

Answers

Answer:

The overall purpose is to break down sugar in the presence of oxygen to release in the form of ATP.

Explanation:

Cellular respiration is the process that occurs in the mitochondria of organisms (animals, and plants). this process releases carbon dioxide  and water as waste products

A trait that is masked or hidden unless there are two is called ...

(Mendelian Genetics Notes)

(1 Point)


an allele

recessive

dominant

incomplete dominant

Answers

Answer:

recessive gene

Explanation:

mainly masked by thee dominant gene eg Tt where T is dominant over t,,,there t is recessive..

the genes stc1 and stc2, which share a common ancestor, are found in both zebrafish and humans. all four stc genes display similar patterns of exon and intron sequences. based on these facts, what is the most likely explanation for the origin of stc genes?

Answers

Based on these facts, we can state that the genes of the two organisms had a eukaryotic origin.

We can arrive at this answer because:

Despite having exons, prokaryotes do not have introns in their genomes.This means that if two organisms have the same sequence of introns and exons, they have a common ancestor, in addition to having their genes originated in a eukaryotic organism, which explains the sequence of introns.

This means that the genetic expression of these two organisms has similarities, even if they are organisms with different biological processes.

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distinguish between uric acid, urea and ammonia​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Ammonia is associated with aquatic animals; urea is associated with most terrestrial and semiterrestrial vertebrates, but rarely land invertebrates (Campbell et al., 1972); and uric acid is the major product of terrestrial invertebrates, birds and reptiles (Prosser & Brown, 1961).

6. What are convection currents?

Answers

Convection currents are fluid that result from convention this can be a Pacific plate floating

2. Which is the best summary of the selection?
A.
B.
Leaves are something to be thankful for because they produce carbohydrates.
Leaves conduct photosynthesis, which converts energy from the Sun into chemical energy
that is useful and important to humans.
Photosynthesis is a vital part of the food chain.
Radiant energy is the most important part of photosynthesis. It is energy from the Sun,
which leaves are thankful for.
C.
D.

Answers

Explanation:

.

Leaves conduct photosynthesis, which converts energy from the Sun into chemical energy

Explain how the rate of cooling magma affects the size of
the crystal that form.

Answers

Answer: When magma cools, crystals form because the solution is super-saturated with respect to some minerals. If the magma cools quickly, the crystals do not have much time to form, so they are very small. If the magma cools slowly, then the crystals have enough time to grow and become large.

When magma cools, crystals form because the solution is super-saturated with respect to some minerals. If the magma cools quickly, the crystals do not have much time to form, so they are very small. If the magma cools slowly, then the crystals have enough time to grow and become large.

Ozone in the stratosphere is a toxic pollutant that can cause tightness or shortness of breath.

True
False

Answers

I think this is True

Ozone in the stratosphere is a toxic pollutant that can cause tightness or shortness of breath is a true statement.

What is ozone layer?

One layer of the stratosphere, the second layer of the Earth's atmosphere, is the ozone layer. The layer of insulating gases that clings to our planet is known as the stratosphere.

A small layer of the Earth's atmosphere called the ozone layer absorbs nearly all of the sun's harmful UV energy. Areas of the ozone layer degradation are frequently referred to as "ozone holes." That is incorrect. Damage to the ozone layer is more akin to a very thin patch than a hole.

Therefore, Ozone in the stratosphere is a toxic pollutant that can cause tightness or shortness of breath is a true statement.

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Genes from genetically modified corn frequently move to non-genetically modified corn plants because of outcrossing. This is a major concern to ______. Multiple choice question. transgenic crop manufacturers because outcrossing can lead to loss of introduced genes from transgenic plants herbicide manufacturers because of the potential for the evolution of super weeds organic farmers, whose fields are close to transgenic corn, because transgenic crops cannot be certified as organic

Answers

This will  be a major concern to transgenic crop manufacturers because

outcrossing can lead to loss of introduced genes from transgenic plants.

Outcrossing involves the process of crossing two different breeds thereby

introducing unrelated genetic material into it.

Crop manufacturers will be concerned if the genes from genetically modified

corn frequently move to non-genetically modified corn plants because as time goes on, the trait which made the genetically modified corn will be lost as different variations and more dominant traits will make such traits recessive and lost.

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A(n) ______ gene is a type of gene that regulates development and that, when mutated, leads to organisms with structures in abnormal or unusual locations on their body.

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A (n) homeotic gene is a type of gene that regulates development and that, when mutated, leads to organisms with structures in abnormal or unusual locations on their body.

A homeotic gene is a gene that intervenes in the developmental program that determines the location of structures along the anteroposterior axis.

The determination of the anteroposterior axis is one of the earliest events in development, and it guides the remaining processes of organogenesis.

Once homeotic genes define the identity of the body segments, they code for proteins (homeodomain) that are responsible for activating other genes.

These genes ultimately trigger the formation of the organs or limbs of this segment.

Genes that control the position of organs have been called homeotic genes, while mutations that affect these genes are known as homeotic mutations.

Therefore, we can conclude that homeotic genes are expressed in the body regions that will house the growing structures.

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describe 4 nations with high standard of living​

Answers

ummmm…. can you elaborate on what it is ?

Ciliated ependymal cells: A) help form the blood-brain barrier. B) circulate cerebrospinal fluid. C) form myelin in the brain and spinal cord. D) serve as wandering phagocytes during brain injury.

Answers

Ciliated ependymal cells: circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Ependymal cells are a type of epithelial cell that is associated with the cavities of the body through which the cerebrospinal fluid circulates.

They are part of glial cells, which share space with neurons in the nervous system.

They create the membranes that keep cerebrospinal fluid circulating through the ependymal canal of the spinal cord and the cerebral ventricles.

For this, the ciliated structure that these cells present is essential for a correct movement of the cerebrospinal fluid, preventing it from spilling through other tissues and passing to areas of the body where it should not be.

The cilia move rhythmically creating tiny currents for fluid to flow through the central nervous system.

A small fraction of highly specialized and modified ependymal cells, called choroidal cells, are responsible for generating this essential fluid.

Therefore, we can conclude that ciliated ependymal cells circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

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Do carbon dioxide molecules enter light dependent or light independent reactions from the atmosphere?

Answers

They enter light I dependent reactions

what is the difference between volume measurements and capacities

Answers

Volume measures the amount of air for one function while capacity is any two or more volumes.

Look at the picture below.



What macromolecules make up most of the structure that is shown?

Answers

Answer:

there is not a picture ....................

Answer:

B: Lipids

Explanation:

cause

Determine which situation could NOT be an example of interspecific competition.
A. Two organisms competing for food.
B. Two organisms competing for a mate.
C. Two organisms competing for water.
D. Two organisms competing over territory.

Answers

Two organisms competing for mate

Answer: B. Two organisms competing for a mate

Explanation:

Which diagram below shows the process of meiosis - Diagram A or Diagram B? How do you know? Explain all the details that prove you are correct.

Answers

B. Meiosis is division of a cell from diploid number of chromosomes to haploid number of chromosomes. This type of division is used for gametogenesis-or making of sex cells. If we look at the starting number of chromosomes, we see 4, then at the end of the diagram we see four cells each with 2 chromosomes.

From the diagram, meiosis is shown by the diagram in B in the question.

What is meiosis?

Meiosis occurs when a cell divides in such a way that each daughter cell gets only half of the number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Looking at the cell division in diagram B, we can see that there are only two chromosomes in each daughter nuclei out of the four chromosomes in the parent nuclei hence that us meiosis.

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Sunlight helps our bodles to produce Vitamin D. In some areas of the United States, there is not enough sunlight during the winter mont
support this process. What is on thing you would recommend to people who live in those areas?
O A. Drink juice that is pasteurized with Vitamin D.
O B. Eat more proteins that bulld Vitamin D.
O C. Drink soymilk that is enriched with Vitamin D.
O D. Eat more carbohydrates that bulld Vitamin D.

Answers

Answer:

It would be the first one

Explanation:

A lot of juices are pasteurized with Vitamin D it can be V8, orange juice, grape juice, cranberry juice, etc.

Type the correct answer in the box, Use numerals instead of words.
The diagram shows the approximate amounts of carbon, in gigatons (Gt) per year, that move through the primary processes
of the carbon cycle. The numbers in yellow are due to natural processes, and the numbers in red are the result of human
actions. Based on this diagram, complete the statements.

Answers

Human activities release 9 gigatons of carbon into the atmosphere each year.

Human activities remove 5 gigatons of carbon from the atmosphere each year.

Humans’ net contribution of atmospheric carbon to the atmosphere is 4 gigatons each year.

9 gigatonnes of carbon are released into the atmosphere annually by human activity. Each year, 5 gigatonnes of carbon are removed from the atmosphere by human activity.

Thus, Each year, 4 gigatons of atmospheric carbon are added to the atmosphere as a result of human activity.

A fundamental mechanism that controls the movement of carbon dioxide  and other carbon compounds between the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living things on Earth is known as the carbon cycle. The concentration of carbon in various reservoirs is influenced by a variety of natural and human factors.

Plants and other photosynthetic creatures take up about 120 Gt of carbon each year from the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis (yellow).

Thus, 9 gigatonnes of carbon are released into the atmosphere annually by human activity. Each year, 5 gigatonnes of carbon are removed from the atmosphere by human activity.

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explain how the internal parts of a leaf are adapted for photosynthesis​

Answers

Explanation:

Leaves have a large surface area so more light hits them. The upper epidermis of the leaf is transparent, allowing light to enter the leaf. The palisade cells contain many chloroplasts which allow light to be converted into energy by the leaf.

anthropologists are suspicious of naturalizing discourses because

Answers

-They ignore historical evidence showing how present-day arrangements contrast with earlier social arrangements

- They direct attention away from current social inequalities, insisting that these inequalities are so deeply rooted that attempting to change them would be impossible.

-They ignore variations in social arrangements in other present-day societies, which show that social life may be organized differently

Anthropologists are suspicious of naturalizing discourses because they ignore historical evidence showing how present-day arrangements contrast.

What are the roles of anthropologist?

An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies.

Creating research plans that address underrepresented topics. Executing research protocols that adopt a holistic study design. Promoting the co-creation of information by employing participatory approaches.

Anthropologists, people who conduct anthropological studies, identify aspects of being human as their focus. For example, one anthropologist might explore mating rituals of a small tribe in New Guinea.

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What is an index fossil?
A. A fossil that contains rocks and minerals
B. A fossil that formed 300 million years ago
C. A fossil that has vestigial structures
D. A fossil found in rocks from one time period

Answers

Answer:

a fossil that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found.

Explanation:

Maybe D I hope it helps you

Someone plz help me :(

Answers

I believe it’s A! Eukarya do have a nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells are not ALL multicellular, because they can be unicellular too. They are definitely not made up of prokaryotic cells.
As I said before, they have a nucleus so it’s not D. It’s A! Hope this helped, Good luck!!

which part of the crossbow is designed to prevent the arrow from releasing accidentally?

Answers

Answer:

Trigger mechanisms utilize two basic designs. It is either located directly underneath the latch that holds the string in a cocked position or the latch mounted behind the trigger. A safety prevents accidental release of a bolt and may engage manually or automatically once a crossbow is cocked.

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