What is a disease?

A. medical condition that stops the body from working normally

B. A disruption in the body

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

A. medical condition that stops the body from working normally

Explanation:

There is an ongoing lively debate among healthcare professionals about whether or not obesity is a disease.

 

Differences between those who argue that it’s a disease and those who argue that it’s just a risk factor for conditions such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease are unlikely to be resolved any time soon. The debate, however, raises other questions, such as, what exactly is a disease and who gets to decide?

 

A simple definition of disease is an ‘illness or sickness characterised by specific signs or symptoms’. But it is interesting that some dictionaries suggest that diseases are caused by ‘bacteria or infections’, seemingly dismissing psychological and non-communicable conditions as diseases, which is odd given that non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, make up most ill health in the world today.

 

Official catalogue of disease

On a global level, diseases are catalogued by international groups of experts for the World Health Organization (WHO). This catalogue, the International Classification of Disease (ICD), is now in its tenth revision (ICD-10). Despite its name, the classification doesn’t stop at diseases but includes related health problems, which may be linked to a particular disease, or may be a symptom as part of a syndrome, or even a consequence of a medical procedure.

 

For example, even dehydration appears in ICD-10, where it is also called ‘volume depletion’. So perhaps there is not even agreement on what is meant by disease. And what is classified as disease is essentially down to expert consensus.

 

While the WHO doesn’t seem to have a clear definition of disease, it does at least have a definition of health. It is defined as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’.

 

The definition of health appears to be broad and inclusive, but defining disease appears to be more challenging than defining its opposite. Few people would disagree that measles, say, is a disease. But what happens when society decides to classify a certain human behaviour or characteristic, which some groups happen to find disturbing, as a disease.

 

Sin as a source of disease

Examples of classifying characteristics as diseases can be seen throughout human history. Many of these might be grounded in traditional beliefs and views of health, disease and their links to sin.

 

The development of psychology as a science potentially led some perceived ‘sins’ to be translated into mental health disorders. Perhaps the best example of this is homosexuality. Homosexuality was classified as a mental disorder by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1968. This was later challenged by a vote among APA members in 1973, where a majority of 58% chose to remove it from the diagnostic manual. Homosexuality was not fully removed from the diagnostic manual for another decade and is now considered to be a normal characteristic within the diversity of human nature.

 

This disturbing episode raises further questions: on what basis and in whose interests are diseases classified?

 

In 2013, researchers at Bond University in Australia looked at who gets to classify diseases. They found that common diseases often had their definitions widened by expert groups, without considering the potential risks or challenges of increasing the number of people living with disease.

 

They also noted that experts who widened definitions of diseases often have conflicts of interests in the form of funding from pharmaceutical companies.

 

On the spectrum

Sometimes, risk factors for a disease – such as high blood pressure – eventually get defined as a disease in their own right. And once these risk factors are reclassified as a disease, their targets or ranges tend to shift over time, increasing the number of people who have the disease. For example, high blood pressure used to be anything over 140/90. But in 2017, the US changed the threshold to 120/80.

 

Distinguishing a disease from a risk factor is not easy, especially when it comes to chronic diseases, which tend to be a spectrum from health to illness. Blood glucose (sugar) is a clear example as levels move from healthy through pre-diabetes into type 2 diabetes. So spotting where health finishes and disease begins is difficult, to the point that the WHO and International Diabetes Federation suggest there is no such thing as a normal level of blood glucose.

 

Nevertheless, the definition of gestational diabetes (diabetes in pregnancy) changed in 2014, when the blood glucose threshold was lowered. The change increased the incidence of gestational diabetes by 74% with no improvement in short-term outcomes, such as the mother needing a caesarean section, according to one Australian study.

 

Many clinicians are critical of this trend, calling it over-medicalisation.

Answer 2

Answer:

A. Medical condition that stops the body from working normally


Related Questions

Dementia refers to a loss of brain function that usually first appears as forgetfulness. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

Answers

Answer:

this statement is TRUE

Explanation:

just did the test on edg

brainliest maybe?

Dementia refers to a loss of brain function that usually first appears as forgetfulness, and this is a true statement as dementia is a mental disorder that is related to the brain and memory loss.

What are the reasons behind the dementia?

Memory loss is one of the causes of dementia; initially, it is caused by forgetfulness, but if this situation persists, it will lead to dementia as a result of long-term memory loss, which further combines with several more mental and physical issues. In this situation, the person feels it difficult to remember things; there is confusion, depression, anxiety, etc.; all these issues are seen, and the patient must visit the doctor if the situation worsens.

Hence, dementia refers to a loss of brain function that usually first appears as forgetfulness, and this is a true statement as dementia is a mental disorder that is related to the brain and memory loss.

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An example of a simple carb is..
a. Bread
b. Pasta
c. Whole Grains
d. Cookies

Answers

Answer:

whole grains

Explanation:

the answer is whole grains the others are more complex versions of carbs

All summer thomas hears the sound of the icecream truck approaching before his brother oscar hears it. Thomas most likely has which of the following?.

Answers

Thomas most likely has a LOWER ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD than Oscar. It is the minimum sound level that the ear can hear.

The absolute threshold of hearing refers to the minimum sound that the ear can hear in normal conditions.

The absolute threshold can be measured only in absence of any other sounds, which could affect this value.

The ticking sound of a new clock 20 feet away is an example of the absolute threshold.

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If you took someone in your Family Circle "for granted," how might they feel about you?

Resentful
Excited
Happy
Calm

Answers

Answer:

A. Resentful

Explanation:

trust

Answer:

A. Resentful I got it right on flvs

amoeba is advantageous also why​

Answers

Answer:

Amoebas can be used to help clean an infection up better than maggots can.q

Explanation:

:)

Helps you clean a wound

what government agency helps in the prevention and control of AIDS?

Answers

Answer:

CDC?

Explanation:

The internet said that the answer is the CDC

Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels of organization from largest to
smallest?
A. organ system, nervouse tissue, brain
B. brain, organ system, nerve cell, nervous tissue
C. organism, organ system, tissue, cell, organ
D. nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cell

Answers

Answer:

C is he right answer

Explanation:

organism is the biggest level of cell organization, organ system is the second biggest, cell is the smallest

what is the average height for a 14-year-old american girl in feet

Answers

Answer:

5,2

Explanation:

half of the girls in the world are 5,2 99% of girls in high schools are 5,2 or 5,3

5’4
Explanation: none

Why is it a myth that muscle turns into fat when someone stops working out?.

Answers

the muscle can't turn in to fat, I mean eventually the muscle is super weak but it doesn't turn to fat.

why do fat-soluble vitamins need to be consumed less frequently than water-soluble vitamins?

Answers

Answer:

While vitamins are essential nutrients our bodies require to function properly, many of us get what we need through our diet.

Water-soluble vitamins are those that are soluble in water. They are stored in small quantities and, therefore, it is necessary to ingest them daily. Fat-soluble vitamins, on the other hand, are those soluble in lipids.

What are fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins?

“For fat-soluble substances to be absorbed, the presence of bile and pancreatic sulcus, in addition to lipids, is also necessary. They are vitamins A, D, E and K. The water-soluble vitamins are all the vitamins of the B complex and vitamin C.

With this information, we can conclude that water-soluble vitamins are those that are soluble in water. They are stored in small amounts and therefore it is necessary to eat them daily. Fat-soluble vitamins, on the other hand, are those soluble in lipids.

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if you have a fever a cough and a sore throat what sickness dose that indicate

Answers

Answer:

These symptoms would most likely indicate the flu.

Explanation:

They are very common symptoms of this sickness.

what is the correct definition of ecology

Answers

Answer: the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.

Explanation:

its the study of living things, bio meaning live.

a branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their environments.

9. Which of the following organs does NOT help remove alcohol from the bloodstream?

Answers

Answer:

Spleen

Explanation:

why do advetising use testimonials

Answers

they provide celebrity encouragement to persuade the consumers

If the female monster's genotype is Cc, what kind of tail does she have? straight or curly?​

Answers

Answer:

curly

Explanation:

the results of a test of visual acuity are 20/15. this individual ________.

Answers

Given what we know about visual acuity measurements we can confirm that a score of 20/15 will indicate that the patient has better than normal vision.

Visual acuity is most often measured using a chart known as a Snellen chart. The goal of this is to place the patient at a distance of 20 feet and see how many lines in the chart he or she is able to accurately identify. Though this method is becoming less common due to advances in technology, the dual number measurement system drives from these tests.

The numbers in the score indicate the size of the letters and the distance at which the patient can see them. Though 20/20 is considered the optimal normal vision score, a score of 20/15 will actually indicate even better vision. This score indicates that at 20 feet, this individual can see smaller letters than the normal person.

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Children ____
the actions and
speech of their parents.

a. often avoid
b. try to differentiate from
c. will imitate

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Answer:

C. will imitate

Explanation:

hope this helps

what structure forms the boundary between the anterior and posterior chambers?

Answers

It would be the iris and the lens

Which of the following statements about abuse is FALSE? Abuse can happen to anyone anytime. You can not always see signs of abuse. Abuse is illegal. All of the above are true

Answers

Answer:

you cant always see signs of abuse

Explanation:

you can always tell when someone is being abused. by the way they they talk, move, and walk. there are always signs. there may be bruises or bleeding or hurt to the touch or even verbal abuse. they may always apology, watch what they say or push them selves to hard bc they don't believe in themselves. there are lots of signs.

Answer:

the second one

Explanation:

Which sentence uses a semicolon correctly?

Answers

Answer:

I have a big test tomorrow; I can't go out tonight.

Explanation:

When you have a conjunctive adverb linking two independent clauses, you should use a semicolon.

Ovaries in females and testes in males are both called gonads.

True
False

Answers

Answer: False.

(searched it)

what is the role of the risk management committee and the coordinator?

Answers

Answer:

Approving risk policies

People with osteoporosis are at a higher
risk for:

bone fracture.

stunted growth.

high blood pressure.

bone-marrow transplants.

Answers

Answer: bone fractures

The correct answer would be option A.
Bone fracture.

The ovaries are directly connected to the fallopian tubes.

True
False

Answers

False as there is no direct connection between the ovaries and fallopian tubes (also known as uterine tubes or oviducts), the egg is transported to the uterus in a peritoneal fluid produced by the fimbriae on the edge of the tube's opening.
False there isn’t anything technically connected

what two parts of the brain are most involved in implicit memory?

Answers

Answer:

the two parts of the brain most involved are the basal ganglia and cerebellum

Explanation:

Answer:

1. Cerebellum

2. Basal ganglia

Thank you,

why does the bones get cramps

Answers

Answer:While bone pain is most likely due to decreased bone density or an injury to your bone, it can also be a sign of a serious underlying medical condition. Bone pain or tenderness could be the result of infection, an interruption in the blood supply, or cancer. These conditions require immediate medical attention.

Explanation:

Answer:

While bone pain is most likely due to decreased bone density or an injury to your bone, it can also be a sign of a serious underlying medical condition. Bone pain or tenderness could be the result of infection, an interruption in the blood supply, or cancer. These conditions require immediate medical attention.

You should go and see a doctor!

Merit scholarships can be awarded for all of the following except _____.

Answers

Merit scholarships can be awarded for all except FINANCIAL NEED. These scholarships are received by students with academic excellence.

Merit scholarships are a type of scholarship used to award academically excellent students, or students with excellent athletic/artistic achievements.

Merit scholarships are not eligible for need-based grants but these students can easily avail of merit-based scholarships.

In consequence, parents' salaries do not influence the eligibility for merit-based scholarships.

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Weight-bearing exercise helps make bone stronger, because:

there is no risk of fracture with exercise.
exercise causes more calcium to enter the body.

bone grows stronger in response to the stresses put on it.

exercise triggers the expansion of epiphyseal plates.

Answers

Answer:

Weight-bearing exercise helps to make your bones stronger and denser, and the muscles you develop with this type of exercise provides a great amount of support to your bones. Along with better bones, weight-bearing exercises also help protect your joints by increasing your body's coordination, balance, and flexibility.

Explanation:

Answer:

bone grows stronger in response to the stresses put on it.

Explanation:

When gentlemen take anabolic
steroids they can get big muscles,
but they may also have testicular
atrophy and can also become _____.
A. infertile
B. more fertile
C. sterile

Answers

A

infertile

steroids make people infertile

When gentlemen take anabolic steroids they can get big muscles, but they may also have testicular atrophy and can also become infertile, option A is correct.

Steroids use can lead to various adverse effects on the body, including testicular atrophy and infertility. While steroids can promote muscle growth, they can disrupt the normal production of hormones in the body, including testosterone. This hormonal imbalance can cause the testicles to shrink (testicular atrophy) and negatively impact sperm production.

As a result, individuals who use steroids may experience infertility or a significant decrease in their fertility. It is important to note that the extent of these effects can vary depending on the dosage, duration of use, and individual factors. However, it is well-established that steroid use can disrupt the normal functioning of the reproductive system and potentially lead to infertility, option A is correct.

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in a true ketogenic diet, the majority of calories come from fat, with typically less than 50 grams of carbohydrates per day. protein intake is sufficient to maintain lean mass, but not excessive. why must protein intake be limited in a true ketogenic diet?

Answers

Answer:

the goal in therapeutic keto is to treat epilepsy and to have high ketone levels

Explanation:

Protein intake is limited in a true ketogenic diet because the major aim of the ketogenic diet is to treat the phenomena of epilepsy.

What do you mean by the Ketogenic diet?

It may be defined as a diet high in fat and low in carbohydrates (sugars) that causes the body to break down fat into molecules called ketones.

When you eat more quantity of proteins than your body needs, some of the protein's amino acid gets turned into glucose via a process called gluconeogenesis. This can create a problem that prevents your body from going into full ketosis.

Therefore, Protein intake is limited in a true ketogenic diet because the major aim of the ketogenic diet is to treat the phenomena of epilepsy.

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