Ionic bonds, also known as electrovalent bonds, are a type of linkage created in a chemical molecule by the electrostatic attraction of ions with opposing charges.
When the valence electrons of one atom are permanently transferred to another atom, a bond of this kind is created. If an atom receives electrons, it becomes a charged ion, but if it loses them, it becomes a positively charged ion.
Ionic or electrovalent compounds are produced via ionic bonding, and the compounds generated between nonmetals and alkali and alkaline-earth metals serve as the best examples of this type of compound.
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what are the answers?
·· ··
The balanced equation was found to be Na· + ·Cl : ---------> Na + (: cl : )-
.. ..
Define ionic bond dot diagram ?
Group 8 elements, generally known as noble gases, are noted for their inertness. They hardly never react with other elements, such as water, oxygen, or metals. This is due to the fact that they all have a complete outer shell of electrons. This is the most stable electron configuration possible for an atom.
Other elements, on the other hand, do not have this stable electron configuration. Instead, in order to obtain that ideal arrangement, they must acquire, lose, or share electrons. Ionic bonding is one method for doing this.
the answer for the ionic bond dot diagram for the Nacl was found to be.
·· ··
Na· + ·Cl : ---------> Na + (: cl : )-
.. ..
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write Hypothesis (scientific reason):
"how does the temperature of substance affect on the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution?"
With rising temperatures, sodium hydroxide's solubility declines when dissolved in another solvent.
what does mean by solubility?Solubility refers to how easily a substance dissolves in a liquid to produce a solution (usually expressed as grams of solute per litre of solvent). One fluid's (liquid or gas) solubility in another can be complete (completely miscible; for example, methanol and water) or partial (oil and water only partly dissolve).
What three forms of solubility are there?Solutes are divided into three categories: highly soluble, sparingly soluble, and insoluble based on the concentration at which they dissolve in a solvent.
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write 5 well constructed sentences about a 3D atom model. Be sure to include what the different materials repesent. PLEASE HELP ME leave a picture of a 3D atom model
A popular science project and craft used to better understand how particular atoms function is the creation of 3D atom models. When teaching about atoms, a 3D atom model can be used to demonstrate concepts in a classroom or to provide explanations.
What is the 3D concept about?The 3D concept of the atom and how the protons and neutrons in the nucleus relate geometrically and in terms of size to the electrons spaced at relatively great distances from the nucleus can be introduced to students from elementary school through high school through an atom model project.
It should be noted that in order to make the 3D concept for the model, attach eight small craft balls to the medium circle, eight to the large circle, eight to the extra-large circle, and finally two to the small circle with glue. These will resemble each and every atom's electron. To help the model hang, attach a piece of string to the outer circle.
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Can someone please help me! No false answers please!!
The formula for a substance is D4 and its molar mass is 30 g. A student is given 150 g of the substance and is asked how many atoms are in the sample. She says there are 5 times Avogadro's number (6.022 x 102) of atoms in her sample. The student is in error, identify her error and explain what the correct answer should be.
The student's error is that she is assuming that the number of atoms in a sample is directly proportional to the mass of the sample. Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10²³) represents the number of atoms or molecules in one mole of a substance. However, the number of atoms in a given mass of a substance depends on the molar mass (mass per mole) of the substance, not the Avogadro's number.
The correct way to determine the number of atoms in a sample is to use the formula:
number of atoms = mass of the sample / molar mass
In this case, the molar mass of the substance is 30 g/mol, so the number of atoms in 150 g of the substance is:
number of atoms = 150 g / 30 g/mol = 5 mol
The correct answer is 5 moles of atoms, which is not equal to 5 times Avogadro's number. Therefore, the student's answer is incorrect.The student's error is that she is assuming that the number of atoms in a sample is directly proportional to the mass of the sample. Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10²³) represents the number of atoms or molecules in one mole of a substance. However, the number of atoms in a given mass of a substance depends on the molar mass (mass per mole) of the substance, not the Avogadro's number.
The correct way to determine the number of atoms in a sample is to use the formula:
number of atoms = mass of the sample / molar mass
In this case, the molar mass of the substance is 30 g/mol, so the number of atoms in 150 g of the substance is:
number of atoms = 150 g / 30 g/mol = 5 mol
The correct answer is 5 moles of atoms, which is not equal to 5 times Avogadro's number. Therefore, the student's answer is incorrect.
The atomic mass of copper (Cu) is 63.546 amu, the atomic mass of sulfur (S) is 32.065, and the atomic mass of oxygen (O) is 15.999 amu. Which molar mass is correct for copper sulfate (CuSO4)?(1 point)
Responses
446.440 g/mol
446.440 g/mol
159.607 g/mol
159.607 g/mol
225.802 g/mol
225.802 g/mol
111.610 g/mol
Copper sulphate (CuSO4) has a molar mass of 159.6 g/mol.
What uses does copper have?
Due to its ductility and excellent conductivity, copper is mostly used in electrical generators, home and auto wiring, as well as the wires in electronics like radios, TVs, computers, lighting, and motors.
A metal or a nonmetal, is copper?
Just on Periodic Table of Elements, copper is the 29th element. It is regarded as a moderately, nonferrous, malleable metals with countless uses in the fields of electrical and electronics, plumbing, construction projects & architecture, business, transportation, & consumer and health items.
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What is C in bohr’s equation?
Formula
[tex]\ell=\frac{n h}{2 \pi}[/tex]
[tex]\ell = angular \: momentum[/tex]
[tex]n = principal quantum number \\ h = Planck's constant \\ \pi = pi[/tex]
1. Examine the IR spectrum of cis-norbornene-5,6-endo-dicarboxylic anhydride, (Fig.48.8, pp. 630): what do the signals at 1750 cm-1 and 1838 cm-1 indicate?
2. Explain the following questions regarding the possible contamination of the final isolated product with dicyclopentadiene (the cyclopentadiene dimer).
a. Since "cracked" cyclopentadiene can spontaneously dimerize back to dicyclopentadiene, could the dimer be formed as an unwanted "by-product" during the experiment?
b. How does the experimental procedure minimize contamination of the final isolated (desired) product with this (undesired) "by-product"?
1) anhydride normal peaks (1760 and 1810 cm-1) there are two peaks for anhydrides at the above freq. our peaks are at 1759 cm-1 and one at 1838 cm-1 (cyclic anhydride 5 membered ring again increases freq. upto 30 cm-1).
So, the peak at 1838 cm-1. electronegetive oxygen atom (inductive effect) between two carbonyl group increases the freq, while resonanse lowers the freq.
2) While cracking the dimer it will give us monomer which then reacts with maleic anhydride to give Diels-Alder product, it does not give any unwanted product at higher temperature. if cracked monomer reacted at low temp. or it does not reacted immediately with maleic anhydride then unwanted product will be obtained
3) breaking the dimer at high temperature and it is to be reacted immediately can isolate the pure prodict.
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What is the temperature of a hot day in the desert? Select the better estimate. 47C 47F
Temperature. The desert reaches an average daily temperature of 38°C (just over 100°F). Desert nighttime temperatures typically drop below -3.9°C (approximately 25°F).
What is the desert's highest temperature?
The world's hottest air temperature was recorded at Death Valley: A scorching 56.7°C (134.1°F) was recorded on July 10, 1913, in the California desert's aptly called Furnace Creek location. Meanwhile, the average summer temperature frequently exceeds 45°C (113°F).
What is the desert's lowest temperature?
Desert surfaces lose nearly twice the same or more heat at night as humid ones do and receive slightly more than twice as much solar energy. Many average annual temperatures fall between 20 and 25 °C. The extreme maximum temperature is between 43.5 and 49 degrees Celsius. At times, the minimum temperature falls below -18 degrees Celsius.
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How can elements be important in our daily life?
Answer:
Explanation:
O2 gives your brain oxygen H2O Hydrates your body
Based on the given information, which area is most likely to have more chemical weathering?
Based on the given information, the area that is most likely to have more chemical weathering is Area 1.
What is chemical weathering?
Rocks and soil undergo chemical weathering, which modifies their molecular structure. For instance, a procedure known as carbonation occurs occasionally when water and carbon dioxide from the air or soil combine. This results in carbonic acid, a weak acid that can dissolve rock.Solution, carbonation, hydration, oxidation, and reduction are key chemical weathering reactions. Through chemical reactions involving oxygen, surface and/or soil water, and various acids, these processes operate on the rocks to degrade, dissolve, or reduce them to a fine clastic form.The degradation of rock by chemical processes is referred to as chemical weathering, often known as decomposition or decay.Chemical weathering may also endanger human health by releasing harmful substances (such as excessive levels of arsenic, fluoride, heavy metals, etc.).To learn more about chemical weathering refer to:
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When two large groups are positioned at a dihedral angle of 180° in a staggered conformation, the product confirmation will be called Anti-conformation.
The angle would need to be 180 degrees for the anti-conformation. Additional staggered conformation, known as the anti conformation, is created by adding another 60 rotations. In this structure, the two methyl groups are placed in opposition to one another.
What does dihedral mean and what does it do?Dihedral, which is the upward angle of an aircraft's wings, makes the lower wing fly at a higher angle of attack than the higher wing, increasing lateral stability in a bank. In reality, it just means that you can fly more autonomously, especially during turbulence.
What in aviation is dihedral?The angle between an aircraft's left and right wings is known as dihedral in aeronautics. The impact of sideslip on the aircraft's rolling is also referred to as "dihedral."
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A chemical reaction is run in which 796 Joules of heat are generated and 235 Joules of work are done on the system. Calculate the change in the internal energy of the chemical system. Joules
The internal energy change of the reaction is -561J, and w for the species is +235J according to the provided statement.
What does the term "reaction" in chemistry mean?In a chemical reaction, one or more substances—also known as reactants—are changed into one or more additional compounds are known as products. Chemical elements or chemical compounds make up substances.
Using the basic principle of thermodynamics,
ΔE = q + w
Q is -ve when heat is produced.
Thus,
q = - 495 J
ΔE = -31J
These variables are substituted in the equation above to yield,
- 31 J = - 495 J + w
or, w = +464 J
Using the basic principle of thermodynamics,
ΔE = q + w
Q is -ve when heat is produced.
Thus,
q = -796 J
The system has been worked on, thus w is positive.
Thus,
w = +235 J
These variables are substituted in the equation above to yield,
ΔE = + 235 J - 796 J
ΔE = -561 J
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The complete question is-
A chemical reaction is run in which 495 Joules of heat are generated and the internal energy changes by -31 Joules.
Calculate 'w' for the system in (Joules)
A chemical reaction is run in which 796 Joules of heat are generated and 235 Joules of work are done on the system.
Calculate the change in the internal energy of the chemical system.
ΔE in Joules
A student looked up the naturally occurring isotopes of bromine and found the following information:
50.54% of the naturally occurring isotopes of bromine have an atomic mass of 78.92 u, while 49.46% of the naturally occurring isotopes of bromine have an atomic mass of 80.92 u.
Calculate the average atomic mass of bromine, showing all work:
The average atomic mass of bromine is derived from the isotopic masses and percentage abundance. The average atomic mass of bromine is 80.31 amu.
What are isotopes?Isotopes are atoms of same element with different atomic mass numbers. Almost all elements have two or more isotopes but not all of them are stable in nature.
The average atomic mass can be calculated from the isotopic mass and and percentage abundance as follows:
atomic mass = ∑ (isotopic mass × %abundance /100 )
Apply the isotopic mass and abundance of all isotopes given as follows:
atomic mass of bromine = (50.54/100 × 78.92 amu) + (49.96/100 × 80.92 amu) =80.31 amu.
Therefore, the atomic mass of bromine is 80.31 amu.
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Potassium nitrate reacts with carbonic acid to produce potassium carbonate and nitric acid. A chemist adds 15.15g of potassium nitrate to 0.228 mol of carbonic acid, and gets 8.45g potassium carbonate.
a. Write a balanced chemical equation, including all the states of matter.
b. Determine the limiting reactant and the amount of potassium carbonate (in
grams) produced.
c. What is the theoretical yield of potassium carbonate?
d. Determine the percent yield of potassium carbonate in this reaction.
K2CO3 + 2HNO3 = 2KNO3 + H2CO3. The necessary quantity of n (KNO3) is equal to 2 x n (H2CO3), or 2 x 0.228, or 0.456 mol. This exceeds the amount that is accessible (0.15 mol). KNO3 is the least reactive as a result.
What does the word reactive mean?
reacting to circumstances or events rather than taking proactive measures to influence or prevent them: Unfortunately, rather than taking a proactive approach to the issue of auto theft, the police have taken a reactive one. They only seem to be capable of responding adversely to proposals made by other individuals.
Which of the following describes a reactive chemical?
Explosives, peroxides, water-reactive substances, and pyrophorics are a few examples of extremely reactive chemicals.
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Which type of soil has better water holding capacity and why?
A soil can hold more water if its surface area is larger. To put it another way, a fine soil, which is defined as soil with only a high proportion of clay and sediment particles, has a better capacity to hold water.
Explain what dirt is.The material that covers the surface of the ground, known as soil, is created as a result of the weathering of rock. Its principal constituents include mineral atoms, organic substances, air, water, and living things, all of which interplay slowly yet continuously.
Does dirt include soil?Although a lot of us could confuse the terms dirt and soil, they are distinct from one another thing. When it comes to nutrients or bacteria, dirt is frequently composed of clay, sands, silt, and pebbles.
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How is the periodic table divided? (Where do we find metals, nonmetals and metalloids?)
Answer:
Explanation: you have to divide the simbles
Convert to grams
0.989 moles of phosphorus
1.21 moles of carbon dioxide
The conversion of the following moles to grams is as follows:
30.659g of phosphorus53.24g of carbondioxideHow to convert moles to mass?The number of moles of a substance can be converted to mass using the following formula:
moles = mass ÷ molar mass
According to this question, 0.989 moles of phosphorus and 1.21 moles of carbon dioxide is given. The mass can be calculated as follows:
Molar mass of P = 31g/molMolar mass or carbondioxide = 44g/molmass of phosphorus = 31 × 0.989 = 30.659g
mass of carbondioxide = 44 × 1.21 = 53.24g
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what is the mean of 98,99, 100 90 , 98,100
The given question is 98, 99, 100 , 90, 98 , 100
Mean= [tex]\frac{Sum of observations}{Number of observations}[/tex]
In mathematics and statistics, the average is the average of a set of values. The mean can be calculated in a number of ways, including the simple arithmetic mean (adding the numbers and dividing the sum by the number of observations), the geometric mean, or the harmonic mean.
Sum of observations is 98+99+100+90+98+100
The summation is 585
The number of observations is 6.
= [tex]\frac{98+99+100+90+98+100}{6}[/tex]
= 97.5
So, the answer is 97.5
Please help Chemistry
9 mol P4010 reacts with 51 mol
H2O according to the equation below:
P4010+6H2O
→
4H3PO4
How many moles of H3PO4 form
from 51 mol H2O?
[ ? ] mol H3PO4
Round your answer to the ones place.
If 51 moles of water reacts in the above chemical reaction, then 34 moles of phosphoric acid will be produced.
How to calculate number of moles?Stoichiometry refers to the study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations).
According to this question, phosphorus oxide reacts with water to produce phosphoric acid as follows:
P₄0₁₀ + 6H₂O → 4H₃PO₄
Based on the above equation, 6 moles of water produced 4 moles of phosphoric acid.
This means that 51 moles of water will produce 51 × 4/6 = 34 moles of phosphoric acid.
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Which choice identifies the correct limiting reactant and correct reasoning? 2Mg + O2 2MgO 2.40 g Mg produces 3.98 g MgO. 10.0 g O2 produces 25.2 g MgO.
The limiting reactant in the question that we have here is magnesium since it has lower yeild. Option D
What is the limiting reactant?If we are looking at the reactant, we are going to be looking at the reactant that is in the system that is going to lead us to obtain about the lowest amount of the products that is in the system.
Now we have in the case of the question that we have been asked that the kind of the reactant that would give the lowest amount of the product from the information in the question is magnesium.
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2. Most of the elements in groups 16 through 18 are classified as
a. alkali metals.
c. nonmetals.
b. inner transition metals.
d. alkaline earth metals.
The correct option c. nonmetals. Nonmetals make up the majority of the elements of groups 16 through 18.
Explain the properties of elements of groups 16 through 18.The position of an element on this periodic table has a significant impact on how that element is defined.
On the periodic table, there are a total of eight columns that seem to be taller than every other column. The primary group consists of those eight towering columns. Each element in the core group has a significant propensity to generate ions with predictable outcomes. The primary group elements constantly create charge between +1 and -4 based on the group number.Elements of groups 16 through 18:
Non-metals make up the elements of groups 16 through 18. These elements mostly exist as vapors or fragile solids. They frequently function poorly as heat and electricity conductors. These non-metals are frequently gases at ambient temperature since they are known to have substantially lower melting temperatures than metals.To know more about the elements, here
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What do you call the variable exerted by gas molecules in a specific area?
The variable exerted by gas molecules in a specific area is called pressure.
THE PRESSUREPressure is a measure of the force exerted by gas molecules on the walls of the container they are in. It is typically measured in units of Pascals (Pa) or pounds per square inch (psi). The pressure of a gas is determined by the number of molecules present in a given volume, as well as the velocity of those molecules.
At higher temperatures, gas molecules move faster and therefore exert a greater force on the walls of the container, resulting in higher pressure. At lower temperatures, gas molecules move more slowly and exert a lesser force, resulting in lower pressure. Additionally, increasing the number of molecules in a given volume will also increase the pressure.
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Analysis of a 10. 150 g sample of a compound known to contain only phosphorus and oxygen indicates a phosphorus content 0f 4. 433 g. What is the empirical formula of this compound?.
The empirical formula of the 10.150 g sample compound which is known to only contain phosphorus and oxygen shows that the phosphorus content 0f 4.433 g is P₂O₅.
An empirical formula is a compound's chemical formula that only specifies the ratios of the elements it contains and not the precise number or arrangement of atoms.
An unidentified substance weighs 10.15 g.
Phosphorus weighs 4.433 g in total.
Hence, 10.15 - 4.433 = 5.717
The oxygen mass will be 5.717g.
Determine the moles.
Number of moles of oxygen = mass / molar mass
= 5.717 / 16
= 0.357
Number of moles of phosphorus = mass / molar mass
= 4.433 / 31
= 0.143
Divide the moles by the minimum number of mole:
⇒ 0.357 / 0.143
= 2.496
⇒ 0.143 / 0.143
= 1
Divide the moles by two:
⇒ 2.496 x 2 = 5
=1 x 2 = 2
So, the empirical formula is P₂O₅.
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Using the solubility rules in your Reference Tables (page 6), which of the following reactions would occur?
A. CaBr2 + 2KNO3 --> Ca(NO3)2 + 2KBr
B. Ca(NO3)2 + 2HCl --> CaCl2 + 2HNO3
C. 3CuBr3 + 2AlCl3 --> 3CuCl2 + 2AlBr3
D. 3AgNO3 + K3PO4 --> Ag3PO4 + 3KNO3
Answer: Option b is correcr
Explanation: ption A: The relevant solubility rule is: Compounds with halides are soluble except when with silver, lead, or mercury. Therefore the products of this reaction are all soluble and the reaction will not occur as no precipitate is made.
Option B: In addition to the solubility rule stated in Question A, all nitrates are soluble. Therefore the products of this reaction are all soluble and the reaction will not occur as no precipitate is made.
Option C: Based on the solubility rules already mentioned, the products of this reaction are all soluble and the reaction will not occur as no precipitate is made.
Option D: Most compounds of phosphate are insoluble with exceptions being with ammonium and some Group 1A metals. Based on this, the silver phosphate
Ag will be insoluble and form a precipitate. Therefore this reaction will occur and Option D is the correct answer
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Draw the product(s) of the following reactions.
CH3CH2CH2-CEC-CH2CH2CH3 (1. BHz / THE)/ (2. H2O2 / aqueous NaOH)
• You do not have to consider stereochemistry.
• Separate multiple products using the + sign from the drop-down menu.
• You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms.
• If no reaction occurs, draw the organic starting material.
1. Reaction of BH3 in basic condition with alkyne is the water addition to the triple bond and forming unstable enol form which in turn tautomerize to the ketone or aldehyde for terminal triple bond. Addition of water to the triple bond follows anti-Mark's rule.
In our reaction, 4-octyne under go water addition and forms a single product, 4-octanone (P1) because it is a symmetrical alkyne. Refer the below image for reaction. 2. Reaction of H2 in Lindlar catalyst with alkyne is the H addition to the triple bond. The only product is Z alkene. In our reaction, (S)-pent-3-yn-2-ol under go reduction reaction with H2 in Lindlar catalyst and forms the Z - isomer (P2), (S,Z)-pent-3-en-2-ol. Refer the below image for reaction.
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the number of objects in a mole of something is dictated by which constant? One mole of a substance is equal to 6.022 xd7 10xb3 units of that substance (such as atoms, molecules, or ions). The number 6.022 xd7 10xb3 is known as Avogadro’s number or Avogadro’s constant. The concept of the mole can be used to convert between mass and number of particles.. Created by Sal Khan.
a. true
b. false
The given statement is true since the number of objects in a mole is dictated by a quantity called Avogadro's number.
Avogadro's number is quite an important quantity in chemistry as well as other branches of science. It tells us how many atoms are there in one gram atom of a compound, how many molecules are there in one gram molecule of a compound, and how many ions are there in one gram of ions in a substance.
It was discovered by the Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro and thus, named after him. Its value is = 6 . 022 × 10²³ mol⁺¹ and its SI unit are the reciprocal of a mol (mol⁺¹). Hence, the given statement is indeed true.
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Draw the Lewis structure for CH5N. How many lone pairs does it have?
Lewis structure for CH₅N has one lone pair.
A lone pair, also known as an unshared pair or a non-bonding pair, is an unshared pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond in chemistry. Atoms' outermost electron shell contains lone pairs. The Lewis structure can be used to locate them. Therefore, if two electron pairs are coupled but are not utilized in chemical bonding, they are referred to as lone pairs. As a result, the amount of valence electrons surrounding an atom is equal to the sum of the electrons in lone pairs and those in bonds.
In the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory), which describes the morphologies of molecules, the idea of a lone pair is employed. They are also mentioned in relation to Lewis acids and bases in chemistry. Chemists do not, however, always classify non-bonding electron pairs as lone pairs. Examples include transition metals, where non-bonding pairs are believed to be stereochemically inactive and do not affect molecular shape. The idea of a lone pair is less clear in molecular orbital theory (completely delocalized canonical orbitals or localized in some way), as the relationship between an orbital and the elements of a Lewis structure is sometimes not clear-cut. However, orbitals that are largely nonbonding or that are occupied are typically classified as lone pairs.
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5. A difference in air pressure creates what?
Wind results from a horizontal difference in air pressure and since the sun heats different parts of the Earth differently, causing pressure differences, the Sun is the driving force for most winds. 1.
What is meant by pressure?
The force delivered perpendicularly to an object's surface per unit area across which that force is dispersed is known as pressure (symbol: p or P).The pressure relative to the surrounding air is referred to as gauge pressure (sometimes spelled gauge pressure).Pressure is expressed using a variety of units. Some of these come from dividing a unit of force by a unit of area; the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and U.S. customary systems is the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2), whereas the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), is one newton per square metre (N/m2).To learn more about pressure refer to
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Which of the following statements about groundwater are TRUE? Select ALL that apply. (Hint: 4 of the 6 statements are correct!) The water table generally maintains a relatively flat shape beneath the ground surface. Owing to pressure differences, it is possible for groundwater to flow uphill. The water table will be deeper below the surface in arid regions as compared to humid regions. A confined aquifer is an underground source of water that is prevented from reaching Earth's surface by an impermeable layer. The surface of the water table may be visible above ground as the surface of a river or lake. If an aquifer has a high porosity, then it will also have a high permeability
When opposed to humid areas, ground water will be deeper in arid areas. underground water source termed an confined aquifer is one in which an impermeable layer blocks the water's path to the surface the planet.
What places can one find constrained aquifers?An aquifer that has restricting beds enclosing it on both the top and bottom is said to be confined. At substantial depths below the surface of the ground, confined aquifers typically exist.
What source of water do restricted aquifers use?Aquifers that are enclosed and filled with water are those that are found beneath the surface of the land. The aquifer is under pressure because of the impermeable layers that are both before and below it. As a result, when a well drills into the aquifer, water will rise over the top of the impermeable layers.
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Describe what is an "impossible" fraction. (
Answer:
something that is impossible