Answer:
- Cancer isn't a single disease. The term cancer encompasses more than 200 diseases all characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells.
- Cancer cells also fail to undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis, under conditions when normal cells would (e.g., due to DNA damage). In addition, emerging research shows that cancer cells may undergo metabolic changes that support increased cell growth and division 5start superscript, 5, end superscript.
Genetic Changes and Cancer
Genes carry the instructions to make proteins, which do much of the work in our cells. Certain gene changes can cause cells to evade normal growth controls and become cancer. For example, some cancer-causing gene changes increase production of a protein that makes cells grow.
- People who have certain jobs such as; painting, construction, pesticide and petroleum workers have an increased risk of cancer. Many studies have shown that exposure to asbestos, benzene, benzidine, cadmium, nickel, arsenic, radon and vinyl chloride in the workplace can cause cancer.
- Metastatic cancer causes most cancer deaths, but exactly why it is so difficult to treat is not precisely understood. Metastatic tumors often acquire additional genetic changes from those in the primary tumors that spawned them, and these genetic characteristics may cause them to resist standard treatments.
- Treating cancer is further complicated due to the lifestyle and attitude of patients, the different physiology of people and the rate their bodies will metabolise drugs, the blood supply to the tumour affecting the drug getting into the tumour, the tumour physiology and the fact that the tumour can continue to change.
- The stage of a cancer describes the size of a tumour and how far it has spread from where it originated. The grade describes the appearance of the cancerous cells.
- Cancer treatment options include:
Surgery. The goal of surgery is to remove the cancer or as much of the cancer as possible.
Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
Radiation therapy. ...
Bone marrow transplant. ...
Immunotherapy. ...
Hormone therapy. ...
Targeted drug therapy. ...
Cryoablation.
- Cancer treatments on the horizon
Current treatments. There are many treatments currently available to treat different types of cancers. ...
Biological therapy. ...
Haematopoietic growth factors. ...
Stem cell and bone marrow transplants. ...
Individual hormonal drugs. ...
Monoclonal antibodies. ...
Surgery. ...
Clinical trials.
- Treating cancer is further complicated due to the lifestyle and attitude of patients, the different physiology of people and the rate their bodies will metabolise drugs, the blood supply to the tumour affecting the drug getting into the tumour, the tumour physiology and the fact that the tumour can continue to change.
Explanation:
MY INTRODUCTION ARE ANSWERS TO ALL YOUR QUESTIONS (your question is too long)
the part of the cell that is hydrophobic (water-fearing) is the? __________
A, Whole cell membrane.
B, Fatty-acid tail.
C, Phosphate head.
D, None of the above.
PLEASE HELP BY TODAY!
Answer: B Fatty-acid tail
Explanation:
I have attached an image of what the cell membrane looks like, there's something called a phospholipid which makes up the membrane of the cell and as you can see, the head of the phospholipid is faced outwards while the hydrophobic tail is safe on the inside. The inside and outside of the cell has a lot of liquid and water so the hydrophobic (water fearing) part of the phospholipid (the tail) had to be protected and facing inwards away from it! Hope this helps, I'm in AP Biology right now :)
if you found a vertebrate skull in the woods and the teeth were sharp and scissor-like, what type of food would you expect this animal to eat?
Answer:
meat, or flesh.
Explanation:
sharp and scissor-like teeth are used to slice through bone and muscle, while flat-topped teeth are used for vegetables. this animal is a carnivore or an omnivore.
Sharp and scissor-like teeth are used to slice through bone and muscle, while flat-topped teeth are used for vegetables. This animal is a carnivore or an omnivore.
What are the characteristics of carnivores?A carnivore, or meat-eater, is an animal or plant whose food and energy requirements derive from animal tissues whether through hunting or scavenging.
Big carnivores include lions, tigers, and wolves. Some birds such as hawks and eagles are also carnivores. Snakes are usually carnivores as well. Small carnivores include frogs, birds such as robins, and spiders.
A carnivore is an organism that mostly eats meat, or the flesh of animals. Sometimes carnivores are called predators. Organisms that carnivores hunt are called prey.
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Explain how scientists can have multiple theories about the effects of global warming.
Plz make it about 3 sentences
Answer:
1. global warming is caused by excess carbon dioxide
2. it melts glaciers
3. it cause ozone to break
Answer:
ANSWER FROM EDGE 2022 : The global climate is a complex system involving different factors such as temperature, precipitation, pressure, humidity, and wind. The complexity of the system makes it difficult to accurately predict how changes in one region can affect other regions.
NOT COPIED ANSWER: Data collected over years show that the global average temperature is steadily rising. Scientists will be able to develop multiple hypotheses about the effects of global warming in the coming years because of this.
Both choices is correct! First one is from edge second is mine I answered personally.
Explanation:
got it correct ik I'm late but for upcoming students! edge 2022.
why is the concentration of oxygen in the body cells lower than the concentration of oxygen in the alveolus?
A. Alveolus can produce oxygen.
B. The exchange of gases occur in the alveolus.
C. Oxygen is used up for respiration I the body cells.
S. Oxygen diffuses out from the body cells.
Answer:
i think the answer should be b.
the alveolus is the site of exchange of gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen) between the body cells and the alveolar air. diffusion requires a concentration gradient, which basically means that there has to be a difference in concentration of the substance (in this case it's oxygen) between the 2 areas (in this case it's the body cells and the alveolar air) hence, there is more oxygen in the alveolar air than the body cells (this difference in concentration is what allows diffusion of oxygen from a region of HIGHER to LOWER concentration!) this allows oxygen to diffuse from alveolus to body cells, giving your body the oxygen it needs!
btw keep in mind that i am by no means an expert in biology (because im still a student), but b is the most logical answer to me. good luck!
during replication strands of DNA separate from each other when bonds are broken between..
A. phosphates
B. deoxyribose sugars
C. nitrgen bases
D. amino acids
During replication strands of DNA separate from each other when bonds are broken between nitrogen bases. Therefore, option (C) is correct.
What is DNA replication?The biological process of creating two identical copies of DNA from a single original DNA molecule is known as DNA replication. All living things replicate their DNA, which is the most crucial component of biological heredity.
There are two stages to the beginning of the DNA replication process. To begin, a protein known as an initiator unwinds a portion of the DNA double helix along a very short region. After then, a protein that is known as helicase attaches itself to the DNA strands and breaks the hydrogen bonds that are present between the bases. This results in the two strands of DNA being separated.
When two single strands of DNA are cut apart, a 'Y'-shaped structure is produced that is referred to as a replication 'fork.'
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When carbohydrate intake is low, which of the following is most likely to result?
a. Your ur body will starve
b.your body will store more fat
c.your energy will use more energy
d.your body will break down other nutrients for energy
Answer:
d
Explanation:
e.g protein is used in the absence of carbohydrates
how would deforestation affect the level of carbon in the atmosphere ? explain using scientific reasoning
When forests are cut down, much of that stored carbon is released into the atmosphere again as CO2.
What is the name of the chemical reaction which occurs in the body to release stored energy from food?
[tex]\huge \bf༆ Answer ༄[/tex]
Respiration is the process (chemical reaction) which takes place in the body to release stored energy from food ~
The properties of water are the result of multiple factors including; polarity and hydrogen bonding. Which property of water is not a result of polarity?
A.Water dissolves salts and sugars.
B.Water will become less dense when frozen.
C.Water is transparent and lets sunlight pass through.
D.Water will from a spherical bead due to surface tension
Water is transparent and lets sunlight pass through. Therefore, the correct option is C.
Water's transparency and ability to pass through sunlight is not just a product of its polarity. This is mainly because water absorbs only specific wavelengths of light, particularly those in the visible spectrum, while allowing other wavelengths to pass through. Rather than being a direct result of polarity, this property is related to the electrical structure of water molecules and their interactions with light. On the other hand, the interplay of water polarity and hydrogen bonding is the reason for the A, B and D properties, respectively.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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Which of the following statements does NOT describe a river delta?
A. sediment that builds up where a river meets a larger body of water
B. some are muddy and unstable; others are so big crops can grow on them
C. earth scooped out that can form a lake or deep valley
D.where a flowing river empties its load at the mouth of a river
Answer:
C: Earth scooped out that can form a lake or deep valley
Answer:
letter C po Ang answer
Explanation:
please rate brain less
which best describes the homes in which peasants lived?
Answer:With more money, peasants were able to afford better housing and many now lived in wattle and daub houses. Wattle and Daub houses were taller and wider than the simple stick and straw houses. They also offered better protection from the weather.
Explanation:
which structure is not found in both males and females?
Answer:
Vestibular gland
I hope this helps
Most of the energy from respiration is released in the _______.
Answer:
Mitochondria?
Sorry if it's incorrect. x
Two students were discussing an article about a possible mission to Jupiter. Several ideas
about gravity came up during their discussion and they are listed below.
1.
II.
111.
The Sun's gravity is pulling on Jupiter and keeps the planet in orbit
You would have the same weight on Jupiter as you do on Earth since
weight is a property of the object.
A rocket traveling to Jupiter would just need to travel beyond Earth's
atmosphere before the gravitational force would be zero.
The gravitational force of Jupiter keeps its moons orbiting.
IV.
Which of the statements above are true? Circle all that are correct.
Answer:
The Pull of the Planets is a 30-minute activity in which teams of children model the gravitational fields of planets on a flexible surface. Children place and move balls of different sizes and densities on a plastic sheet to develop a mental picture of how the mass of an object influences how much effect it has on the surrounding space.
This activity should be conducted after Heavyweight Champion: Jupiter!, which allows the children to discover the force of gravity in the solar system. These concepts involve more advanced science than previous activities in Jupiter's Family Secrets, and they explore more deeply the science of the Juno mission and the rich information it will return to us. Facilitators who choose to undertake this activity should have a firm grasp of the scientific basis so that misconceptions are not introduced to the children.
Explanation:
raising government spending and cutting taxes can prevent?
Explanation:
A reduction in taxes will leave more disposable income and cause consumption and savings to increase,
I think it will help you
A cross country runner runs 8 km in 2 minutes. What is his speed?
The speed of the cross country runner is equal to 4 km/min.
Given the following data:
Distance = 8 km.Time = 2 minutes.To determine the speed of the cross country runner:
Speed can be defined as the distance covered by an individual per unit time and it can be measured in kilometer per minutes (km/min).
Mathematically, speed is given by the formula;
[tex]Speed = \frac{distance}{time}[/tex]
Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;
[tex]Speed = \frac{8}{2}[/tex]
Speed = 4 km/min.
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where does all the carbon in organisms originate from?
Answer:
plants from the earth's atmosphere.
Explanation:
Plants fix carbon in the form of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. Then, any animal that comes along and eats the plant gets the carbon too.
Determine the two most important skills a synthetic
biologist will need in order to make themselves a more marketable employee. In
what ways can they use these skills to improve society? Give an example of what
this could look like.
A synthetic biologist must be ingenious in creating new systems that will benefit the society.
A synthetic biologist is a scientist whose responsibility it is to create new biological systems and devices for various applications. These systems can be very useful in solving novel biological problems.
For a synthetic biologists to be more marketable as an employee, the synthetic biologist must be ingenious in creating new systems that will benefit the society. This skill is relevant, not only to land a new job but to make the society a better place.
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100POINTS & BRAINLIEST IF YOU ANSWER CORRECTLY!!
Allegators are at top(5 stairs up)
Photoplanktons are 5 stairs down
So they produce 500,000,000lbsCopepods receive
500000000/1050000000lbsSmall fishes recieve
50000000/105000000lbslarge fishes recieve
5000000/10500000lbsAllegators recieve
500000/1050000lbsOption B
HELP HELP HELP
Which of these areas control voluntary actions over internal and external intercostals muscles?
C. pons
A. Cerebral cortex
B.carotid bodies
D. medulla
what essential chemicals do the light dependent reactions obtain from the light independent reactions
Explanation:
Light Reactions: Light-dependent reactions harness energy from the sun to produce chemical bonds, ATP, and NADPH. These energy-carrying molecules are made in the stroma where the Calvin cycle takes place.
The energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH are produced by the light-dependent processes using light energy, which is required for the subsequent stage of photosynthesis.
What are the products of the light-independent reactions check all that apply?
In order to make ATP and NADPH, the light-dependent processes of photosynthesis must first collect energy from the sun.Then, these two molecules that store energy are employed in the light-independent reactions. Two different types of energy-carrier molecules, ATP and NADPH, store the solar energy in the light-dependent reactions.These molecules' stored energy is contained in the bond that binds one atom to the molecule.It is a phosphate atom for ATP and a hydrogen atom for NADPH. The cell has the material it needs to create carbohydrate molecules once the energy from the sun is processed and packed into ATP and NADPH.Carbon atoms will form the backbone of the carbohydrate molecules created. The protein ferredoxin receives electrons from the pigment P700 in its reaction center. Ferredoxin can then donate the electrons to either the electron transport chain to produce more ATP or to the electron carrier NADP+ to make NADPH. The pigment chlorophyll in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast is able to absorb solar energy during these reactions.The second stage of photosynthesis uses the molecules ATP and NADPH, which are temporarily transferred the energy to. Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy during the light-dependent reactions and transforms it into chemical energy that is then stored.The chemical energy obtained during the light-dependent reactions powers the construction of sugar molecules from carbon dioxide in the light-independent reactions. Plants require three elements for photosynthesis: carbon dioxide, water, and sunshine. The reactions that depend on light include those that use it to split water, create ATP, and NADPH.The processes that use ATP and NADPH to repair carbon dioxide in order to produce the three-carbon sugar glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate are known as light independent reactions. NADP, ADP, and water molecule reactants are used in the light reaction.After the light processes are finished, the molecules ATP, NADPH, and oxygen are produced, the last of which is already regarded as a byproduct of photosynthesis.To learn more about independent reactions refer
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explain why a leaf cannot be tested for starch by adding iodine solution directly
answer.
waxy cuticle covering the leaves that prevents the penetration of iodine in the leave cells.
which level of an energy pyramid has the least amount of food energy?
Answer: Tertiary consumers receive 10% of the energy available at the secondary level (0.1% of the original energy). As a result, tertiary consumers have the least amount of energy and are therefore at the top of the pyramid (the smallest part).
how many bases are needed to specify an mrna codon
Answer:
Three bases
Explanation:
what veins return deoxygenated blood from the head and neck to the heart
Which activity would you do to find out presence of moisture in soil sample? Describe it with a diagram
You could calculate the moisture content of the soil by subtracting the weight of the dry soil from the weight of the moist soil, and then divide by the weight of the dry soil.
what does the author mean when she describes easter island as ""a destination with solitude built into its dna""?
A destiny with loneliness built into its DNA why, the DNA of the peoples of Easter Island is unique, there is a theory that suggests that long before Europeans discovered the island (in 1722), it served as a meeting place for the Polynesian people and Native Americans. Thus, the Rapa Nui would have in their DNA a mixture of these peoples. That theory was driven by an article published in 2014 that showed that today's Rapa Nui have 8% Native American DNA in their genome.
The why of solitary DNA
The Rapanui, who populated Easter Island,
Had no contact with the Native Americans until the arrival of the Europeans. Or if they did, it left no trace in their genes. That's what a study that analyzed ancient DNA of the island's inhabitants claims.These results call into question previous research that claims that there was contact and that it may have occurred several centuries earlier.
This is the first time Rapa Nui's ancestral DNA has been sequenced. It's the result? None of the five samples showed DNA from Native American ancestors.
What is right so far? It doesn't seem like much... the mysteries of Easter Island continue...
In this way, the author wanted to say that the DNA of the peoples of Easter Island is unique.
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how is it possible that plants can express firefly genes?
Plants have the recessive firefly genes in their DNA. Proteins are engineered into genes in the DNA of other organisms. All organisms contain DNA and RNA.
2. What substances travel in the Xylem of flowering plants?
Answer:
I think water is the substances
if prokaryotes are defined as single-celled organelles, which of the following would ONLY make it a prokaryotic cell
Answer
hmmm i would say a or c but i would say c
Explanation: