What mass of ice (in g) can be melted if 24.9 kJ of thermal energy are added at the freezing point? Use molar mass = 18.02 g/mol

If the volume of the gases in the container taken in STP is equal they they contains equal number of moles of the gas. As the volume increases, mobility of gases increases.

Avogadro's law states that, at constant pressure and temperature, the volume of gas is directly proportional to the number of moles. If two gases at STP have equal volume, they contains equal number of moles.

The temperature of 298 K and  1 atm pressure is taken as standard condition (STP). At STP, the volume of one mole of every substance contains 22.4 L volume.

The carbon dioxide gas and fluorine gas if taken in equal volume at STP, they contain equal number of moles. Then, the average speed is inversely proportional to mass. Then , fluorine gas will have greater speed.

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a) Cl is the atom Atoms are expected to have the most negative (exothermic) electron affinities. 

Electron affinity is the amount of energy produced or released when an atom attracts an electron. Electron affinity can be used as a measure of the ease with which an atom captures electrons. The greater the energy released (electron affinity) indicates that the atom tends to attract electrons to become a negative ion.

Electron affinity can be used as a measure of the ease with which an atom captures electrons. The greater the energy released (electron affinity) indicates that the atom tends to attract electrons to become a negative ion.

The energy of an atom is defined when the atom loses or gains energy through a chemical reaction that causes the loss or gain of electrons. Chemical reactions that release energy are called exothermic reactions and chemical reactions that absorb energy are called endothermic reactions.

The energy of an exothermic reaction is negative, so the energy is given a negative sign; while the energy of the endothermic reaction is positive and the energy is given a positive sign. An example that demonstrates both processes is when someone drops a book. When he lifts the book, he gives the book potential energy (absorbed energy).

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Approximately 1.24 × 10^-9 miles of nylon could be formed in this experiment, assuming 10,000 dimers are linked together.

One angstrom is equal to 1 × 10^-10 meters, and there are 3.281 feet in one meter, so:

20 angstroms × (1 × 10^-10 m/angstrom) × (3.281 ft/m) = 6.5628 × 10^-10 ft

Let's assume that in this experiment, 10,000 dimers are formed.

length = 6.5628 × 10^-10 ft/dimer × 10,000 dimers = 6.5628 × 10^-6 ft

This is the total length of nylon that could be formed in this experiment, assuming 10,000 dimers are linked together.

To convert this to miles, we can divide by the number of feet in a mile:

6.5628 × 10^-6 ft / 5,280 ft/mi = 1.240 × 10^-9 miles

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The correct response is (a) Higher boiling point, (b) Higher freezing point, and (c) Lower vapor pressure, all of which are 0.35 M CaCl2.

Boiling point is the temperature where a pure substance transforms from the a liquid to a gas. Now, the pressure being applied to the liquid and its vapour are equal. Boiling at one pressure atmosphere is the standard boiling point. Boiling point and saturation temperature are synonyms.  The standard boiling point was established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in 1982 as the temperature at which water boils at one bar of pressure.

A temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the surrounding pressure is known as the boiling point. The boiling point falls off as altitude rises. Evaporation is the transformation of a liquid into its vapor when it occurs below the liquid's boiling point. As a result of the water molecules' vibrations caused by heat, some of the water's molecules escape into the atmosphere and turn into water vapor, or even the gaseous state for water. We name it evaporation for this reason. Water turns from a liquid to a gas known called vapor.

This is because urea does not dissociate, but CaCl2 breaks down into three ions in solution—one Ca2+ and two Cl-. CaCl2's higher boiling point, lower vapor pressure, and lower freezing point are all caused by the presence of more particles in the solution (since the solute ions disrupt the crystal lattice formation of the solvent molecules).

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When a resistor of resistance R is connected to a battery of emf & and negligible internal resistance, the power dissipated in the resistor is P. If the resistor is replaced with a resistor of resistance 2R, without changing the battery, the power dissipated will be 4P. Therefore, option D is correct.

The amount by which an object impedes or resists an electric current is referred to as resistance. The flow of electrons is referred to as electric current. Consider an example of a person struggling to move from one shop to another in a crowded market.

When a resistor R is connected to a battery of emf Volt, the energy dissipated in the resistor is P = R V² because the battery is not changed, so energy is directly proportional to resistance. As a result of this relationship, we can conclude that decreasing R causes an increase in P.

Thus, option D is correct.

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Sure! Here's the complete resonance structure of the carbocation intermediate formed during the chlorination of ethylbenzene in the para position Cl | H--C--C |+ C | C | H.

   Cl

     |

H--C--C

    |+

   C

    |

   C

    |  

   H

In this structure, the positive charge is located on the carbon atom adjacent to the chlorine atom, indicating that this carbon is electron deficient and has a high degree of reactivity. This carbocation intermediate can then go on to react with a chlorine ion to form the final product, para-chloro ethylbenzene.

It's worth noting that the other two resonance structures of this carbocation intermediate involve moving the positive charge to the other two carbon atoms in the ring, but they are less stable due to increased electron density at the adjacent carbon atoms.

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The line that represents the motion of the cathode ray in an electric field is line A.

The correct option is C.

Electron streams can be seen in discharge tubes as cathode rays or electron beams. When a voltage is applied to an evacuated glass tube with two electrodes, it can be seen that the glass behind the positive electrode glows as a result of the cathode's emission of electrons.

Cathode rays are deflected to the positive electrode.

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Niels Bohr's 1913 model depicts that the atom has a small, positively charged nucleus which surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus.

The Bohr model, is a representation of the structure of atoms, especially that of hydrogen, The Bohr Model is a universal model in which the negatively charged electrons orbit a small, positively charged nucleus like the planets.

In the Bohr model, electrons are pictured as traveling in circles at dissimilar shells, depending on which element you have. The Bohr model is a proportional primitive model of the hydrogen atom, in contrast to the valence shell mode

So we can conclude that the Bohr Model is a structural model of an atom that shows electrons and the nucleus of an atom.

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The statement "A represents London dispersion forces, which are weaker than the force represented by B" correctly identifies the intermolecular force represented by A and compares its strength relative to the intermolecular force represented by B.

If we assume that B refers to a general intermolecular force, such as dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding, then London dispersion forces can be stronger under certain conditions.

This is because London dispersion forces can be significant even between nonpolar molecules, whereas other intermolecular forces are typically only significant between polar molecules. Additionally, the strength of London dispersion forces generally increases with the size of the molecules involved, which can make them relatively stronger in larger, nonpolar molecules compared to other types of intermolecular forces.

In summary, the strength of intermolecular forces depends on a variety of factors, including the nature of the molecules involved, their polarity, and their size. While it's not always the case, London dispersion forces can be stronger than other types of intermolecular forces under certain conditions.

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Volume in liters of 0.143 manganese (II) sulfate that contains 73.0g of solute is 3.35L. Volume is a three-dimensional spatial measurement.

Volume is a three-dimensional spatial measurement. It is frequently mathematically quantified using SI generated units (such as the cubic metre and litre) as well as different imperial either Us or customary equivalents (such as the gallon, quart, cubic inch). Volume is connected to the notion of length (cubed).

number of moles = 73.0g/ 151=0.48mol

molarity = number of mole/ volume of solution in litre

0.143=0.48/volume of solution in litre

volume of solution in litre=0.48/ 0.143=3.35L

Therefore, 3.35L is the volume of the solution.

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(i)hydrosulfuric acid; (ii) dinitrogen monoxide; (iii) cesium oxide are the correct answers.

What are compounds ?

Compounds are substances made up of two or more different types of atoms that are chemically bonded together in a specific ratio. The atoms in a compound are held together by chemical bonds, which are formed when the atoms share or transfer electrons in order to achieve a more stable electron configuration.

There are many different types of compounds, including covalent compounds, ionic compounds, and metallic compounds.Covalent compounds are formed when atoms share electrons in order to complete their valence electron shells. Ionic compounds are formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions that are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces.

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Using phenolphthalein instead of bromocresol green for standardizing HCl would likely give a different endpoint and thus a different titration result.

This refers to the  the process of getting the exact concentration (molarity) of a solution. Titration is one type of analytical methods often used in standardization. During a titration, an exact volume of one substance is reacted with a known amount of another substance.

Phenolphthalein has a different pH range for its color change (8.2-10.0) compared to bromocresol green (3.8-5.4), which could lead to different titration endpoints and result in an inaccurate determination of the concentration of HCl. Therefore, it is important to use the indicator specified in the experimental protocol to ensure accurate and precise results.

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Losing s electron: None of the above, Losing 2 s electrons: Red, Losing 2 s and 1 p electron: Orange, Adding 1 p electron: Green and Adding electrons to 2 p orbitals: Blue.

Part 1: The correct answer would be (f) None of the above since not all elements form monatomic ions by losing an s electron. Some elements may require losing electrons from other orbitals or may not form monatomic ions at all.

Part 2: The correct answer would be (d) Red. Elements in Group 2A of the periodic table can lose two s electrons to form doubly positive ions, and the element highlighted in red belongs to this group.

Part 3: The correct answer would be (c) Orange. Elements in Group 3A of the periodic table can lose two s electrons and one p electron to form triply positive ions, and the element highlighted in orange belongs to this group.

Part 4: The correct answer would be (b) Green. Elements in Group 5A of the periodic table can add one electron to a p orbital to form singly negative ions, and the element highlighted in green belongs to this group.

Part 5: The correct answer would be (a) Blue. Elements in Group 6A of the periodic table can add electrons to two p orbitals to form doubly negative ions, and the element highlighted in blue belongs to this group.

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The complete question is :

each part below, determine which highlighted element forms a monatomic ion by losing electons from or addling electrons to the below-mentione orbitals  

Part(1) by losing an s electron: Choose one:

(a)Blue

(b) Green

(c) Orange

(d) Red

(e)Brown/Black

(f) None of the above

Part 2 (1 point) by losing two s electrons: Choose one:

(a)Blue

(b) Green

(c) Orange

(d) Red

(e)Brown/Black

(f) None of the above

Part 3 (1 point) by losing two s electrons and one p electron Choose one: (a)Blue

(b) Green

(c) Orange

(d) Red

(e)Brown/Black

(f) None of the above

Part 4 (1 point) by adding one electron to a p orbital Choose one:

(a)Blue

(b) Green

(c) Orange

(d) Red

(e)Brown/Black

(f) None of the above

Part 5 (1 point) by adding electrons to two p orbitals Choose one:

(a)Blue

(b) Green

(c) Orange

(d) Red

(e)Brown/Black

(f) None of the above

The pH of the solution made by mixing 15.0cm³ 0.1M NaOH and 35.0 cm³ 0.2 M HCOOH would be 2.39.

The first step in solving this problem is to write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between NaOH and HCOOH:

NaOH + HCOOH → NaCOOH + H2O

Next, we need to calculate the moles of each reactant:

moles NaOH = 0.1 mol/L x 0.015 L = 0.0015 moles

moles HCOOH = 0.2 mol/L x 0.035 L = 0.007 moles

Since NaOH and HCOOH react in a 1:1 stoichiometry, we know that 0.0015 moles of NaOH reacts with 0.0015 moles of HCOOH. This leaves 0.007 - 0.0015 = 0.0055 moles of HCOOH unreacted.

Now, we need to use the equilibrium constant (Ka) for the reaction between HCOOH and water to determine the concentration of H+ ions in the solution:

HCOOH + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + HCOO-

Ka = [H3O+][HCOO-]/[HCOOH]

We are given the value of Ka, so we can use it to find the concentration of H+ ions:

Ka = 1.82 × 10^-4 M

[H3O+] = [HCOO-] = x (let's assume that the initial concentration of HCOOH is much larger than x, so we can assume that x is negligible compared to the initial concentration of HCOOH)

[HCOOH] = 0.0055 moles / 0.05 L = 0.11 M

Ka = (x^2) / (0.11 - x)

Since x is negligible compared to the initial concentration of HCOOH, we can simplify the equation to:

Ka = (x^2) / 0.11

Solving for x, we get:

x = sqrt(Ka * [HCOOH]) = sqrt(1.82 x 10^-4 * 0.11) = 0.0041 M

Therefore, [H+] = 0.0041 M

Finally, we can use the definition of pH to calculate the pH of the solution:

pH = -log[H+] = -log(0.0041) = 2.39

Therefore, the pH of the solution is 2.39.

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The pH strip is used to test the pH of a solution. The pH of water is neutral which is around 7.

The pH is known as the power of hydrogen. The pH is used to measure the  degree of basicity and acidity of a solution. The amount of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution determines the pH of the solution.  Mathematically, pH is given by the formula:

pH -= -log [H⁺]

The pH strip is a strip of litmus paper with which a person can measure the pH value of a liquid solution. The substance in the pH paper causes the paper to show a different color at different acidity values.

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It is absolutely true that floccing agent could be designed for Nitrate.

Chemical additives known as flocculating agents induce suspended particles to agglomerate into flocs.

These chemicals are used in papermaking, mineral processing, municipal and industrial waste treatment, and water treatment. Inorganic salts or water-soluble organic polymers are flocculating agents.

Floccing agents for nitrate can be created. Floccing agents are substances that make small liquid particles clump into larger particles so that they can be more easily removed from the liquid.

Each floccing agent should be thoroughly assessed for its suitability in a particular application.

Thus, the given statement is true.

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The simplest straightforward explanation for the existence of black lines at particular wavelengths in an otherwise continuous spectrum is that a cool gas between observer and source is absorbing light at the wavelengths where the missing photons should be present.

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The simplest straightforward explanation for the existence of dark lines at particular wavelengths in an otherwise continuous spectrum is that a cool gas between observer & source is absorbing light at the wavelengths where the missing photons should be present.

The wavelength of a waveform signal, as it travels through space or along a wire, is the separation between two identical points (adjacent crests) in adjacent cycles. This length is frequently stated in metres (m), centimetres (cm), or millimetres (mm) in wireless systems (mm).

The number of vibrations that pass over a specific place in a second is known as the frequency and is expressed in cycles per second (Hz) (Hertz). Here are some wavelength illustrations: Yellow Light, for instance.

All visible light has a wavelength between 400 and 700 nanometers (nm). The wavelength of yellow light is approximately 570 nanometers. Wavelength (nm) (nm)

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

solution contains 3.5 moles CaCl2/L solution . We need to convert moles CaCl2 to grams.

Hope this helps :)

Since the standard state for gases is the situation of the gas at 1 atm and the standard state for solids and liquids is the form at a 1M concentration, option C is the best choice.

The concentration of a substance is the quantity of solute in a given volume of solution. Molarity, which is the number of moles of solvent in 1 L of solution, is used to express concentrations.

The quantity of solute that was dissolved in a certain volume of the solvent or fluid is measured by the solution's concentration. A solution that contains a significant concentration of dissolved solute is said to be concentrated.

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According to the IUPAC  nomenclature, there are 3 carbon atoms in longest chain, there is no functional  group and name of compound is propane.

Functional group is defined as a substituent or group of toms or an atom which causes chemical reactions.Each functional group will react similarly regardless to the parent carbon chain to which it is attached.This helps in prediction of chemical reactions.

The reactivity of functional group can be enhanced by making modifications in the functional group .Atoms present in functional groups are linked to each other by means of covalent bonds.

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Answer:

Electrolytes are a substance that breaks into ions when it is dissolved in water or body fluid.

Explanation:

Sodium, potassium, and chloride are your 3 main electrolytes. Magnesium, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonates are also some types of electrolytes.

The principal quantum number refers to the size and energy level of the outer orbital. The principal quantum number for Li is 2, whereas the principal quantum number for Fr is 7. The correct answer is D.

The principal quantum number (n) is a quantum number that describes the energy level of an electron in an atom. It also indicates the size of the electron cloud around the nucleus. The higher the value of n, the higher the energy level and the larger the electron cloud.

The atomic number of Li (Lithium) is 3, which means that it has 3 protons and 3 electrons in its neutral state. The electron configuration of Li is 1s2 2s1. The outermost electron in Li is located in the n=2 energy level.

Therefore, the principal quantum number for Lithium is 2.

The atomic number of Fr (Francium) is 87, which means that it has 87 protons and 87 electrons in its neutral state. The electron configuration of Fr is [Rn] 7s1. The outermost electron in Fr is located in the n=7 energy level.

Therefore, the principal quantum number for Francium is 7.

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135 *10^24amu is the mass of 225g

By amu, what do you mean?

A carbon-12 atom's mass is precisely 1/12 of an atomic mass unit. The nucleus of an atom of carbon-12 contains six neutrons and six protons. It's written as a.m.u or u. (unified). Atomic masses are expressed using this unit of mass. The average of the neutron rest mass and the proton rest mass is 1 a.m.u.

The average mass of an element's atoms expressed in atomic mass units is known as its atomic mass (amu, also known as daltons, D). The mass of each isotope is multiplied by its abundance to produce the atomic mass, which is a weighted average of all the isotopes of that element.

1amu = 1.662 x 10^-24g.

225 grams will be 225/1.662 *10^-24 i.e. 135 *10^24amu

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The reaction here is a beta decay and the missing component is 137/56 Ba

Beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an unstable atomic nucleus releases a beta particle, which is an electron or a positron, in order to become more stable.

Beta decay occurs when the neutron-to-proton ratio in the nucleus is too high, and the nucleus transforms into a more stable configuration by releasing a beta particle.

Thus the beta decay would give a daughter nuclei that has the mass number greater than that of the parent by one unit.

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True, gravimetric analysis requires a precipitation reaction.

Gravimetric analysis is a quantitative analytical technique that involves precipitation of an analyte from a solution, followed by filtration, washing, and drying of the precipitate to obtain a constant weight. The precipitate is then separated from the solution, washed, and dried to remove any traces of the mother liquor.

The mass of the precipitate is then determined using a balance, and the amount of the analyte in the original sample can be calculated using stoichiometry. The weight of the precipitate is then used to determine the amount of the analyte present in the original sample. Therefore, gravimetric analysis requires a precipitation reaction to occur.

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18.8 moles is the  theoretical yield in moles of hydrogen produced from the reaction of 18.8 moles of zinc.

The theoretical yield of a chemical reaction is the amount of product received from the full conversion of something like the limiting reactant. It is the quantity of product produced by a flawless (theoretical) chemical reaction.

As a result, it isn't the same as that of the quantity obtained from a laboratory reaction. Theoretical yield is often stated in grams or moles.

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl[tex]_2[/tex]+ H[tex]_2[/tex]

mole of zinc =18.8 moles

The mole ratio between zinc and hydrogen is 1:1

moles of hydrogen = 18.8 moles

Therefore, 18.8 moles is the  theoretical yield in moles of hydrogen produced from the reaction of 18.8 moles of zinc.

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Among the options given, Cl2(g) is likely to have the highest standard molar entropy.

The standard molar entropy is a measure of the amount of disorder or randomness in a substance at standard temperature and pressure (STP).

Therefore, the substance with the highest standard molar entropy is likely to be one of the gases, either H2(g), Cl2(g), or I2(g).

Of these options, the diatomic molecule with the highest standard molar entropy is likely to be Cl2(g), as chlorine gas has more atoms than hydrogen gas and less molecular weight than iodine gas.

Therefore, among the options given, Cl2(g) is likely to have the highest standard molar entropy.

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The one which is more likely to be more soluble in the water is the glucose.

The like dissolve the like. The glucose is the polar compound and the water is also the polar compound. The polar compound will dissolves the polar compound. Therefore , the glucose is dissolves in the water. The cyclohexane is not soluble in the water because the cyclohexane is the non polar compound and will be soluble in the non polar solvent. The cyclohexane will be more soluble in the hexane as the hexane is the non polar compound.

Thus, the glucose is more soluble in the water .

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Nitrogen is a chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. It is a nonmetal and makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen is essential for all forms of life on Earth as it is a critical component of DNA, RNA, and proteins.

Uses:

Nitrogen has many uses in industry, agriculture, and medicine. In the industrial sector, nitrogen is used in the production of ammonia, which is used to make fertilizers, explosives, and other chemicals. Nitrogen gas is also used to create a controlled atmosphere in food storage and packaging, to prevent spoilage and preserve freshness. In the medical field, nitrogen is used to preserve blood, tissues, and other biological samples.

Process:

Nitrogen gas is produced through a process called fractional distillation, which separates the gases in the air based on their boiling points. Nitrogen gas is obtained by cooling air until it becomes a liquid, and then slowly warming it up again. Nitrogen gas boils at a lower temperature than oxygen gas, so it is collected as a gas as the temperature rises.

Nitrogen Cycle:

The nitrogen cycle is the process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms in the environment. The nitrogen cycle is important because it allows nitrogen to be used by living organisms, and it helps to regulate the levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere and in the soil.

The nitrogen cycle consists of four main stages: nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and ammonification. Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen gas from the atmosphere is converted into a form that can be used by living organisms, such as ammonia or nitrate. This process is carried out by certain types of bacteria that live in the soil or in the roots of plants.

Nitrification is the process by which ammonia is converted into nitrate by other types of bacteria. This nitrate can then be absorbed by plants and used to make proteins and other essential molecules.

Denitrification is the process by which nitrate is converted back into nitrogen gas, which is released back into the atmosphere. This process is carried out by certain types of bacteria that live in oxygen-poor environments, such as wetlands or soils that are waterlogged.

Ammonification is the process by which organic nitrogen compounds, such as proteins or amino acids, are broken down into ammonia by bacteria and fungi. This ammonia can then be used by other organisms in the nitrogen cycle.

Testing:

The most common test for the presence of nitrogen is the Kjeldahl method, which is used to determine the amount of nitrogen in organic compounds. The Kjeldahl method involves heating a sample of the organic compound with sulfuric acid, which converts the nitrogen into ammonia. The ammonia is then distilled off and collected in a solution of boric acid, which forms a compound called ammonium borate. The amount of nitrogen in the original sample can then be determined by measuring the amount of ammonium borate that is produced.

The molarity of the solution is approximately 0.00498 M.

The equation to calculate the molarity of the solution would be:

c = (π / (R * T))

where:

c is the molarity of the solution

π is the osmotic pressure of the solution, which is given as 13 atm

R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol*K))

T is the absolute temperature, which is given as 330 K

Therefore, substituting the given values, we get:

c = (13 atm) / (8.314 J/(mol*K) * 330 K)

c = 0.00498 M

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