The two long-term developments in the eighteenth century that set the stage for the American Revolution were the British Reforms and Colonial Resistance.
What is American Revolution?The American Revolution was the insurrection fought between 1775 and 1783 through which 13 of Great Britain's North American colonies threw off British rule to establish the sovereign United States of America, founded with the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
Therefore, the correct answer are as given above
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Wich responsibilities were assigned to the central government under the articles of confederation
The responsibilities that were assigned to the central government under the articles of confederation include declaring war, signing treaties, etc
What is government?It should be noted that government simply means the group of people voted into power to ensure the growth and development of a state.
Here, the responsibilities that were assigned to the central government under the articles of confederation include declaring war, signing treaties, provision of infrastructures, etc.
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36. Intelligence efforts should focus on the group's:
A. Membership.
C. Stated and unstated goals.
B. Resource base.
D. All of the above
A local government has plans to build a new transit station on a site where
several homes are currently located. The residents do not want to move. How
does the Fifth Amendment affect this case?
OA. It says that the government can take the land but must pay a fair
price to the owners.
B. It means that the state has power over the residents' property.
C. It states that the government must pay double the property value
for residents' homes.
D. It requires the government to do a study to determine whether
alternative sites might be available.
Answer:
If a local government has plans to build a new transit station on a site where several homes are currently located and the residents would not want to move, then the fifth amendment can be used where it says that the government could take the land but the government should pay a fair enough price to the owners of the land. This part of the Fifth Amendment is called the Taking Clause where it stresses out the a private property should be not be taken for public without a just compensation. The people who made this clause are land property owners who has a certain degree of mistrust of the government power.
Explanation:
Who do you think got the better deal in the Compromise of 1850, the North or the South? Why?
Though both sides received benefits, however, the north seemed to gain the most. It seemed so because the major victory for the south was the Fugitive Slave Law. In the end, the north refused to enforce it. By extension, it shows that the north seemed powerful.
What is better deal in the Compromise of 1850?As part of the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was amended and the slave trade in Washington, D.C., was abolished. Furthermore, California entered the Union as a free state and a territorial government was created in Utah.
Therefore, the correct answer is as given above
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how was liberty advanced during the social upheaval of the 1920?
The 1920s were a decade that saw significant societal shifts and development. The most evident symptoms of change were the growth of a consumer-oriented economy and of popular entertainment, both of which served to bring about a "revolution in morals and manners." During this time period, sexual mores, gender roles, hairstyles, and clothes all underwent major shifts. This is further explained below.
What is the social upheaval of 1920?Generally, The 1920s were a decade that saw significant societal changes. The emergence of a consumer-oriented economy and the advent of popular entertainment was the most evident indicators that times were changing.
In conclusion, The 1920s were a decade that saw significant societal changes. The most visible indicators of change were the growth of a consumer-oriented economy and of mass entertainment, which contributed to bringing about a "revolution in morality and manners." During the 1920s, there was a significant shift in sexual mores, gender roles, hairstyles, and clothes.
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Describe how Adolf Hitler rose to power in Germany and why he used anti-Semitic (anti-Jewish) propaganda and policies to achieve his objectives.
President Hindenburg appointed Hitler as the Chancellor of Germany as the result of a political deal because there was no other person capable of leading the Nazi Party.
Hitler and Anti-Semitic PropagandaHitler propagated the anti-semitic propaganda again Jews because he regarded the Jewish people as an inferior race compared to the Aryan race.
Hitler viewed Jews as a dangerous cancer that would destroy the German people and therefore encouraged the elimination of jews from the human race.
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Which of the following Greek thinkers were NOT mainly focused in the field of mathematics?
Hippocrates was the Greek thinker that was not interested in the field of mathematics.
Who was Hippocrates?This man is the reason why the medical doctors have to swear the Hippocrates oath that they do in their induction as medical doctors. He was a physician and he is known to be the father of medicine around the world.
The other Greek thinkers that have being mentioned here had great influence in the field of mathematics. For example Euclid is the Greek thinker that is known for his works on Geometry.
Hence the answer to the question is Hippocrates. He is known to have written more than 70 books at the time that he lived. These books were detailed on the cure for a good number of diseases.
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Complete questionWhich of the following Greek thinkers were NOT mainly focused in the field of mathematics?
A. Archimedes
B. Euclid
C. Pythagoras
D. Hippocrates
In Baker v. Carr, the Supreme Court interpreted the equal protection clause to
mean that:
A. states were not obligated to redistrict to ensure all votes counted
equally.
O
B. states had to redistrict to ensure that all votes counted equally.
O
C. states could redistrict to ensure that rural votes counted more
than urban votes.
O
D. states could determine when and how often they would redistrict.
Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186, existed a landmark the United States Supreme Court case in which the Court had that redistricting privileges as a justifiable question under the Fourteenth Amendment.
Who is Baker v. Carr?
Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186, existed a landmark the United States Supreme Court case in which the Court had that redistricting privileges as a justifiable question under the Fourteenth Amendment, thus allowing federal courts to hear Fourteenth Amendment-based redistricting cases.
The Warren Court contacted a 6-2 verdict in favor of Baker. A lack of political query, previous court intervention in apportionment affairs, and equal security under the 14th amendment provided the court with enough reason to supervise legislative apportionment. Court acquired the power to rule on apportionment laws.The Supreme Court decided for Baker. They judged that federal courts maintain the authority to enforce the 14th amendment if the state legislative districts stand disproportionately populated.
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Answer:states had to redistrict to ensure that all votes counted equally.
Explanation:
what are at least two of the book’s themes in jubilee
Answer:
One theme is: longing for freedom and acceptance.
Another theme: is the struggle for justice.
Explanation:
1. Jubilee is a story about longing for freedom and acceptance. Many enslaved people, like Vyry, aspire to be free. In the story, they are freed from slavery, but they are not equal. Even after her family had been released, the neighbors continued to look down on them. They had little political clout, so the Ku Klux Klan attacked several people, including members of Vyry's family, in order to keep them silent.
2. The struggle for justice is another recurring theme in the book. Slaves, free blacks, and even some whites battled for the liberation of slaves in various ways.
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Two major themes in Jubilee are forgiveness and justice.
What is the book, Jubilee?Margaret Walker's Jubilee focuses on an enslaved woman and follows her through the antebellum period, the Civil War, and Reconstruction.
What are the themes in Jubilee?Jubilee by Margaret Walker contains many themes. Some of them include forgiveness, freedom, justice, acceptance, Sabbath, liberty, celebration, and journeying together.
Jubilee celebrates the significance of the continuing restoration of Christian unity.
In Jubilee, one finds freedom and liberation from the past strongholds.
What are the themes in a literary work?The themes in a literary work give the central message or idea that the writer wants to convey to the readers.
Thus, two major themes in Jubilee are forgiveness and justice.
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According to the 50-30-20 rule, you should plan on spending 50 percent of
your income on
о A. needs
O
B. goals
OC. entertainment
OD. wants
The English would become the dominant power in North America by 1750. What features were common to ALL of the English southern colonies and which were unique to just South Carolina, Vlrginia, or Maryland?
(Please remember that you must find things unique for all of the colonies and then for just the 3!)
The English would become the dominant power in North America by 1750.. They all depended on slaves and indentured laborers to cultivate their fields. This is further explained below.
What are English southern colonies?Generally, Maryland, ∨irginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia were the southern colonies.
In conclusion, Until 1750, the English had dominated North America. For the most part, their farms were staffed by freed slaves or indentured servants.
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Question 29 of 43
Which major change occurred in China after Mao Zedong's death?
OA. Moderate members of the Chinese Communist Party began to
institute economic reforms.
B. The Soviet Union withdrew all economic and military support from
China.
OC. Powerful warlords used private armies to take control of China's
northern region.
D. Red Guards were able to freely attack anybody suspected of
opposing Mao's policies.
SUBMIT
The major change in China after Chairman Mao died was A. Moderate members of the Chinese Communist Party began to institute economic reforms.
What happened when Mao Zedong died?When Mao Zedong died, the moderate members of the CCP took the opportunity to institute more liberal and free market policies to help the economy.
This was the opposite of Mao who had been very strict in following Communist ideology which was killing China's economy.
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How would Federalists most likely respond to this?
They would agree but doubt the Constitution could make that happen.
They would doubt that any central government could meet these goals.
They would argue that the government does not need to control itself.
They would agree and be confident that the Constitution meets those goals
For the Federalists, their most likely response is D. They would agree and be confident that the Constitution meets those goals.
Who were the Federalists?The Federalists were American Founding Fathers who wanted a strong government and strong executive branch.
The Federalists were opposed by the anti-Federalists who wanted a weaker central government.
The Federalists did not vote for a bill of rights because they regarded the constitution as sufficient, unlike the anti-Federalists who demanded a bill of rights to be part of the Constitution.
Thus, for the Federalists, their most likely response is D. They would agree and be confident that the Constitution meets those goals.
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Option D. The way that the federalists would respond to this would be They would agree and be confident that the Constitution meets those goals.
Who were the federalists?This was the name that was used to refer to the people that were in support of the United States having a central government.
They wanted a federal government that would be in the helm of affairs of the states and all of the citizens.
complete questionRead the excerpt from the Publius.
In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself.
—Publius
How would Federalists most likely respond to this?
They would agree but doubt the Constitution could make that happen.
They would doubt that any central government could meet these goals.
They would argue that the government does not need to control itself.
They would agree and be confident that the Constitution meets those goals.
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Select the correct answer.
What is absolute advantage?
A.
having a lower opportunity cost to produce goods than other firms or nations
B.
having a lower cost of production than other firms or nations
C.
having more available resources for producing a good than other nations
D.
having fewer or no trade barriers for international trade than other nations
Answer:
B. Having a lower cost of production than other firms or nations.
Explanation:
In the seventeenth century, economic inquiry emerged as a separate science. But that didn't just happen overnight. The process of crude conceptualization and creation of political economic concepts had long before started to emerge.
Commodity, exchange, money, pricing, loan interest, commercial profit, and other economic concepts were already familiar to ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Hindus, and other peoples.
Ancient Egyptian papyri, the Hammurabi Code, the Vedas of Ancient India, Homer's Odyssey and other works of the ancient Greek poet, Xenophon, Plato, Aristotle and other philosophers of Greek antiquity, etc., all include a wealth of information and ideas that are quite intriguing.
The ancients had very rudimentary knowledge of economic concepts.
The history of economic thought starts with the writings of Xenophon, Plato, and particularly Aristotle, who made the first theoretical step towards an understanding of the economy of ancient Greek society (which was at the stage of the collapse of the primitive-communal system and the rise of slavery) and articulated some remarkable ideas on value, commodity exchange, and the earliest forms of capital: trading (merchant's) and usury capital.
In the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, commerce and monetary activities rather than manufacturing were where capitalist institutions initially emerged.
Eventually, this development of the future capital became known as Mercantilism, which represented the interests of the capital of the merchants in England, Italy, and France. The main spokespersons for it were Thomas Mun and William Stafford in England, Antonio Serra in Italy, and Antoine de Montchrestien in France.
The French mercantilist Antoine de Montchrestien first used the phrase "political economy" in his Treatise of Political Economy (1615), which offered advice on how to manage the state economy and increase the nation's riches. The phrase, which originally meant "the laws of state administration," was derived from three Greek words: "politikos" (state, social); "ikos" (home or its management); and "nomos" (rule of law).
The Physiocrats—Francois Quesnay, Turgot, and others—developed bourgeois political economics later, in the seventeenth century. French economist François Quesnay belonged to the Physiocratic school. He is renowned for publishing Tableau économique (Economic Table), which laid the groundwork for the Physiocrats' theories, in 1758. French statesman Turgot, Baron de l'Aulne, also known as Turgot, was greatly inspired by Quesnay and was also an economist in his own right.
They changed the focus of economic inquiry away from the domain of circulation and toward the sphere of production, in opposition to the mercantilists.
Karl Marx observed in 1859 in the section 'Historical Notes on the Analysis of Commodities' in A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy: 'The decisive outcome of the research carried on for over a century and a half by classical political economy, beginning with William Petty in Britain and Boisguillebert in France, and ending with Ricardo in Britain and Sismondi in France, is an analysis of the aspects of the commodity into two forms of labour – use-value is reduced to concrete labour or purposive productive activity, exchange-value to labour-time or homogeneous social labour.' In Capital (1867) he defined political economy: '… by political economy I understand the economy which since the time of W. Petty has investigated the real relations of production in bourgeois society'.
Marx made a distinction between such men as Petty, Smith and Ricardo and their successors. He wrote of the former that they devoted their efforts 'to the study of the real interrelations of bourgeois production', while the latter were 'content to elucidate the semblance of the interrelations' and to act in effect as apologists for the capitalist class. He called them 'vulgar economists'.
Engels had already warned, and shown great foresight, in 1843 when he wrote in his Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy: 'The nearer to our time the economists whom we have to judge, the more severe must our judgment become. For while Smith and Malthus found only scattered fragments, the modern economists had the whole system complete before them: the consequences had all been drawn; the contradictions came clearly enough to light, yet they did not come to examine the premises and still accepted the responsibility for the whole system. The nearer the economists come to the present time, the further they depart from honesty'.
Answer:
See image
Explanation:
Plato
What was the main reason why did African kingdoms start
capturing and selling slaves to Europeans?
A. In exchange for manufactured goods such as firearms
B. To eliminate their enemies
C. For money
D. They were pressured to by European powers
Reset Selection
Answer: I believe b is the answer
Explanation:
Why was Imperialism a cause of World War I?
Nations competed for more land, colonies and raw materials. Great Britain and Germany competed industrially, which led to these nations needing more raw materials. Also, Austria-Hungary controlling the Slavic land of Bosnia, which Serbia believed belonged to them.
Which statement best completes the diagram to show how the agricultural
revolution affected Indigenous groups?
People adopt farming
techniques and settle in a
single region.—>>> HELP
Option C. The sentence that shows the way that the agricultural revolutions' affected the indigenous societies was that people formed complex societies.
What was the agricultural revolution?This was the term that was used to refer to the revolution that took place in Europe most especially in Great Britain. In this time period, what happened was that people started to grow food in large quantities and there was the abundance of food.
This helped to make the people richer and also helped to reduce the poverty that was prevalent in the area. The agricultural revolution happened because the people were able to start growing crops using a a different approach to agriculture. Hence improving yields.
During the agricultural revolution the people were able to shift from living the nomadic and the hunting lifestyle to building complex societies and civilizations.
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Answer:
After agricultural revolution the shift from nomadic lifestyle to farming helped Indigenous groups build more complex civilizations.
Explanation:
Correct out of 4 multi-choices
Now Moses kept the flock of Jethro his father-in-law, the priest of Midian: and he led the flock to the backside of the desert and came to the mountain of God, even to Horeb. And the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush: and he looked, and, behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed. And Moses said, I will now turn aside, and see this great sight, why the bush is not burnt. And when the Lord saw that he turned aside to see, God called unto him out of the midst of the bush, and said, Moses, Moses. And he said, Here am I.”
—Exodus 3:1–6,
Holy Bible
What was Moses’s work that took him out into the desert?
a.
shepherd
c.
angel
b.
prophet
d.
farmer
How did the New Deal live up to the "American promise?" How did it fail?
Answer:
However comprehensive the New Deal seemed, it failed to achieve its main goal: ending the Depression. In 1939, the unemployment rate was still 19 percent, and not until 1943 did it reach its pre-Depression levels.
Is religion and god created by man ?
Answer:
religion is made by man based on belief of the god in said religion, it ultimately opinion based.
while there are books dating far back they could just be the equivalent what a mad man's scribbled in a book dating back.
there is no solid proof that gods exist, religion is man made.
Food type Starting blood glucose level (mg/dL) Blood glucose level after 1 hour (mg/dL) Blood glucose level after 2 hours (mg/dL) Blood glucose level after 3 hours (mg/dL)
100
100
100
100
Subject B (with type 1 diabetes)
Food type Starting blood glucose level (mg/dL) Blood glucose level after 1 hour (mg/dL) Blood glucose level after 2 hours (mg/dL) Blood glucose level after 3 hours (mg/dL)
100
100
100
100
pls pls help me.
According to the American Diabetes Association, the following levels of blood sugar are considered normal for a person who does not have diabetes: Blood sugar levels during fasting (first thing in the morning, before eating): under 100 milligrams per deciliter. After a meal, one to two hours later: Below 140 milligrams per deciliter. 2-3 hours after finishing your meal: under 100 milligrams per deciliter. This is further explained below.
What is Blood glucose level?Generally, The quantity of glucose that is present in the blood is referred to as the blood glucose level. Glucose is a kind of sugar that may be obtained through the meals that we consume, as well as being generated and stored inside the body itself.
In conclusion, American Diabetes Association, the following are the typical levels for a person's blood sugar if they do not have diabetes: Blood sugar readings taken in the morning when the patient is fasting (before breakfast): 100 mg/dL or less in the blood. 1-2 hours after finishing a meal: The level is lower than 140 mg/dL. 2-3 hours after the last meal: 100 mg/dL or less in the blood.
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Supporters of Manifest Destiny believed it was their right
A. to maintain peaceful relations with other countries.
B. preserve traditional ways of making a living.
C. take over Indigenous lands and expand the nation.
D. live in harmony with Indigenous peoples..
Answer: The supporters of Manifest Destiny believed that it was their destiny and right by God and history to expand. Taking lands from non-European Americans was justified because they were spreading liberty to the lands and the natives were racially unfit to hold the lands.
Explanation:
hope it helps
Answer:
C. take over Indigenous lands and expand the nation.
Explanation:
Read this article about quarterly growth in GDP in the United States since 2011. As you read the article, you’ll see many economic terms we have not yet discussed. Don’t worry, you'll learn about all of them soon. For now, here’s a brief description of what you need to know for this activity:
A quarter is a three-month period:
first quarter: January to March
second quarter: April to June
third quarter: July to September
fourth quarter: October to December
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of finished goods and services produced during a year in a country.
Consumer spending is the total amount spent by consumers across the country.
Business investment is the total amount spent by companies to gain profits.
A trade deficit occurs when a country has more imports than exports.
Business inventory includes the value of the goods that have been produced by companies but not yet bought by consumers.
Question 1
Using what you read in the article, answer the following questions.
Part A
Did GDP increase or decrease in the second quarter of 2018? By how much did it increase or decrease?
According to the article about quarterly growth in GDP in the United States since 2011, the GDP in the second quarter of 2018 increased by 3.2%.
What is the GDP growth rate?The GDP growth rate is the year-over-year (or quarterly) change in the United State's economic output, measured in percentage.
Using the GDP growth rate, it becomes possible to measure how fast an economy is growing.
Thus, we can conclude that based on the article, the GDP in the second quarter of 2018 increased by 3.2%.
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Which is a result of Squanto’s negotiations with colonists?
Colonists and the Wampanoag form an alliance as a result of Squanto's negotiations with them.
Squanto was from a hard-working, resourceful village. His tribe's women raised corn, beans, and squash while the men went on fishing expeditions up and down the coast. The Patuxet people and the European immigrants typically got along before the early 1600s, but it didn't endure for very long.
The Wampanoag chief Massasoit negotiated an alliance with the Pilgrims, promising not to harm one another, with the help of Squanto serving as interpreter. In the case of an attack from another tribe, they also pledged to support one another. Squanto was referred to by Bradford as "a particular tool sent of God."
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Kong Rong (153-September 26, 208), courtesy name Wenju. He was from the State of Lu (governing present-day Qufu, Shandong). A writer in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, one of the "Seven Sons of Jian'an", his family origin is the twentieth grandson of Confucius, the son of Kong Zhou, the magistrate of Yuancheng (now Daming County, Hebei) and the captain of Mount Tai. Few talents, diligent and eager to learn, and Pingyuan Tao Qiuhong and Chen Liubian are also called handsome. After Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he was appointed as the mid-waiter of the Northern Army, the general of the Tiger Ben, and the prime minister of Beihai, and was called Kong Beihai at that time.
Action: Follow my work ethics and report the situation, but emphasize the lady's sincere attempts in the report. My report should emphasize the person's shift in attitude and responsibility, not her transgression. For her own benefit and the good of her children, I must persuade authorities to assist the woman get a job or establishing her own business.
Professional vs. personal ethics. I'm sympathetic to the cause, but duty comes first. I must serve a wider purpose, therefore I'll do my job.
What are the ethical issues?Discrimination, harassment, unethical accounting, technology misuse, data privacy, health and safety, and favoritism and nepotism are among the most often encountered ethical challenges.
In conclusion, Individual morals vs. professional standards. I sympathize with the cause, but my responsibilities demand that I put them ahead of it. I have a responsibility to the greater good, therefore I'll perform my job.
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Which statement concerning the Battle of Trenton is not true?
a
The Battle of Trenton was important to General Washington because it not only boosted morale, but it also convinced many soldiers to continue fighting, even though their enlistments were up.
b
The Battle of Trenton was led by General Washington after crossing the Delaware River on Christmas night.
c
The Battle of Trenton was a victory over the Hessians for Washington and his troops.
d
The Battle of Trenton was a long-fought battle lasting several days with heavy casualties on both sides. Even though it was an American victory, the losses were so great that it lowered morale among the troops.
The false statement about Battle of Trenton was a long-fought battle lasting several days with heavy casualties on both sides. Even though it was an American victory, the losses were so great that it lowered morale among the troops.
What was the Battle of Trenton?It was the pivotal American Revolutionary War battle that took place in Trenton, New Jersey.
However, the false statement about Battle of Trenton was a long-fought battle lasting several days with heavy casualties on both sides.
Therefore, D is correct.
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What was the underlying principle of Roman law?
a. The concept of social justice
b. The concept of natural rights
c. The protection of citizens' lives and property
d. The prevention of social and political upheaval
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Because it is the concept of natural rights
Answer: D
Explanation: HI HOPE THIS HELPS YOU
Directions: View the image on the previous page to complete this Note Taking Guide.
1.
Observation: Study the image for two minutes. Form an overall impression of the image and then examine individual items. Next, divide the image into quadrants and study each section to see what new details become visible.
2.
Observation: Use the chart below to list people, objects, and activities in the image.
People
Objects
Activities
3.
Themes: Give two examples of how this photo montage represents one of the identified themes of postwar art.
It is to be noted that the attached image is an example of a pre-WWI art form called Dadaism. This art form influenced the Surrealist in the post war period. The title of the attached image is "Cut with the Kitchen Knife through the Last Epoch of Weimar Beer-Belly Culture in Germany"
What are the people that are visible from the image?Modern women placed side by side with women in traditional rolesSlavesWhat are the objects in the image?1. There are symbols of modernity such as
carslight bulbs2. Symbols of Industrialization such as;
BoresGears WheelsOther symbols such as
An Elephant3. Activities
Some of the example of how the photo relates to postwar art are:
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Which of the following is a feature of a federal government?
O uniform laws throughout the nation
national leaders easily get bogged down in local issues
centralized government appoints all lower-level government
decisions of local importance made on the local level
Option C) Centralized government appoints all lower-level government.
A government is responsible for developing and imposing the policies of society, defense, foreign affairs, the economy, and public services.
Acts directly on human beings through the laws and through the moves of elected officials. The country-wide governments' inherent powers encompass making treaties, waging the struggle, in search of trade, and obtaining territory.
Another common characteristic of federalism around the world is that national courts normally solve disputes among stages and departments of the presidency. Inside the United States, conflicts among states and the federal authorities are adjudicated by using federal courts, with the U.S. splendid court being the very last arbiter.
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The theories that seek to explain societal inequality by emphasizing the failed values of certain groups are known as?
Biological deficiency theories
Cultural deficiency theories
Bias theories
Structural discrimination theories
Answer:
Cultural deficiency theories
Explanation:
Cultural deficiency refers to a theoretical argument that the cultural attributes or practices often associated with historically disenfranchised racial/ethnic groups (specifically, blacks and Latinos) have prevented them from assimilating and attaining social mobility within U.S. society
Examples of cultural deficiencies include limited outlooks and attitudes toward the future, a failure to internalize the work ethic, instant gratification behavior, a lack of parent involvement in schools, low intellectual abilities, an emphasis on masculinity and honor, and an aversion to honest work. Other so-called deficiencies, as identified by Stanley Eitzen and Maxine Baca Zinn (2006), may include early initiation to sex among children, female-headed households, a fatalistic attitude toward life, and a limited interest in education. The cultural deficiency argument also posits a causal linkage between certain cultural attributes and upward socioeconomic mobility. It identifies the attributes of economically and socially successful middle-class whites as the mechanisms that enable success (e.g., emphasis on achievement, education, and independence) vis-à-vis legal or institutional structures and social ideologies.