Endothermic reaction is taking place in the reaction; as ammonium chloride and water contact, less energy is generated by breaking the bonds between the two substances.
Than what is needed to create the new substance's connections. Endothermic reactions are those in which the reactants take in heat energy from their environment to create products. These reactions produce a cooling effect by bringing the temperature of the space around them lower. Endothermic physical processes are also possible; for example, ice cubes can melt into liquid water by absorbing heat energy from their environment (no chemical bonds are broken or formed). With the chemical formula NH4Cl, ammonium chloride is an inorganic substance that is a white, crystalline salt that is very soluble in water.
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Why do different substances have different properties?
Different substances have different properties because of the differences in their atomic and molecular structure, bonding types, and strength of their chemical bonds. These differences can be due to the number of atoms, the arrangement of atoms, and the types of electrons involved in the bonding.
The properties of elements and compounds are determined by the types and arrangements of the atoms that make up the substance. For example, water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have different properties due to their different molecular structures. Water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, while hydrogen peroxide is made up of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. may have different characteristics. The strength of chemical bonds between atoms or molecules can be affected by the number and type of electrons involved in the bond. Because of this, some substances are more stable than others and have higher melting and boiling points.
In addition, some properties are also affected by the physical state of the material, such as solubility, density, and conductivity. These properties are determined by the strength of the intermolecular forces between the particles of the substance.
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When bonding, atoms seek to achieve a stable-
A.
noble gas configuration.
B.
halogen gas configuration.
C.
low ionization energy configuration.
D.
high electronegativity configuration
When bonding, atoms try to achieve a stable noble gas configuration.
Atoms are always trying to achieve stability. In the modern periodic table, noble gases present in the group 18 are the most stable. They have a completely filled outermost or the valence shell, that is, it contains 8 valence electrons in its valence shell.
Due to this stable electronic configuration, they are inert in nature, that is, they do not have a tendency to react by sharing or losing their electrons. When participating in a bonding, atoms try to lose or gain electrons to reach their nearest noble gas configuration and attain stability.
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Consider the following intermediate chemical equations. 3 equations. 1: upper C solid plus upper o subscript 2 gas right arrow upper C upper O subscript 2 gas Delta H 1 equals negative 393.5 kilojoules. 2: 2 upper C upper O gas plus upper O subscript 2 gas right arrow 2 upper C upper O subscript 2 gas Delta H 2 equals negative 566.0 kilojoules. 3: 2 upper H subscript 2 upper o gas right arrow 2 upper H subscript 2 gas plus upper O subscript 2 gas delta H 3 equals 483.6 kilojoules. The overall chemical equation is Upper C (s) plus upper H subscript 2 upper O (g) right arrow upper C upper o (g) plus upper H subscript 2 (g).. To calculate the final enthalpy of the overall chemical equation, which step must occur?
The final enthalpy of the overall chemical equation is -475.9KJ. and 2nd step must occur to calculate the final enthalpy.
what is enthalpy?Enthalpy depends only on the system's composition, temperature, and pressure; it is unaffected by the system's history. It is a quality or state function that resembles energy and has energy-like properties (and is thus measured in units of joules or ergs).
1st equation
C(s) + O₂ → CO₂ ΔH₁ = - 393.5KJ
2nd equation
CO + O₂ → 2CO₂ ΔH₂ = -566.0KJ
3rd equation
2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂ ΔH₃ = 483.6KJ
Overall chemical equation is
C(s) + H₂ + O→ CO(g) + H₂(g)
The overall chemical equation's final enthalpy is
ΔH = ΔH₁ + ΔH₂ + ΔH₃
ΔH = - 393.5 -566.0 + 483.6
ΔH = -959.5 + 475.9
ΔH = -475.9KJ.
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From the information on the table, determine the Mass of
the alloy, Volume of alloy, then the density of the alloy. Be
sure to follow the rules of significant figures in calculations.
Mass of Alloy _____g Bolume of the alloy ______mL. Density of the alloy: ____g/mL.
Answer:
mass of alloy=165.36g
volume of alloy=21.2ml
density of alloy=7.8g/ml
Can you describe , using full sentence , a car trip : o include distance , speed ,velocity and acceleration
Answer: Distance : The length of the space between two points.
Speed:The rate at which someone or something moves or operates or is able to move or operate.
Velocity: Velocity is the directional speed of an object in motion as an indication of its rate of change in position as observed from a particular frame of reference and as measured by a particular standard of time.
Accerelation: Acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity of an object with respect to time. Accelerations are vector quantities. The orientation of an object's acceleration is given by the orientation of the net force acting on that object.
Explanation: Hope it helps!
How do temperature differences in the layers of Earth move magma?
A.Cooling magma becomes more dense and sinks, while hotter magma near the core is less dense and rises, moving magma in a cyclic path.
B.Cooling magma becomes less dense and sinks, while hotter magma near the core is more dense and rises, moving magma in a cyclic path.
C.Cooling magma becomes more dense and sinks, while hotter magma near the core is less dense and rises, moving magma in a linear path.
D.Cooling magma becomes less dense and sinks, while hotter magma near the core is more dense and rises, moving magma in a linear path.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Cooling magma becomes more dense and sinks, while hotter magma near the core is less dense and rises, moving magma in a cyclic path.
This answer was obtained from a credible source after doing some research.
The temperature differences in the layers of Earth move magma as cooling magma becomes more dense and sinks, while hotter magma near the core is less dense and rises, moving magma in a cyclic path.
What is magma?Magma is the molten or semi-molten natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed.Magma is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and evidence of magmatism has also been discovered on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites.Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals and gas bubbles.
Magma is produced by melting of the mantle or the crust in various tectonic settings, which on Earth include subduction zones, continental rift zones,mid-ocean ridges and hotspots. Mantle and crustal melts migrate upwards through the crust where they are thought to be stored in magma chambers or trans-crustal crystal-rich mush zones. During magma's storage in the crust, its composition may be modified by fractional crystallization, contamination with crustal melts, magma mixing, and degassing.
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Is meter stick used in sewing?
Measuring fabric is one purpose for this wooden metric and meter stick that is perfect for many different applications.
Often employed in the construction business, a meterstick, metrestick, as well as yardstick refers to a straightedge or even a foldable ruler was using to measure length. They were frequently built of plastic or wood, with metal as well as plastic joints which enable folding.
A sewing or seam gauge would be a compact but helpful instrument for gauging tiny distances. The spaces needed for buttonholes as well as buttonhole spacing can also be measured using the sewing gauge, along with hemlines, tucks, as well as pleats.
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what is the magnetic field due to the wire at the location of the electron?
The trick with this type of problem is that they usually don't tell you anything because they don't seem to have enough information. But the key is in the phrase "parallel to the wire".
A charged particle in a field should normally bend. If not, there must be some other force at work that balances the magnetic force. In this case it is the electron attraction.
Therefore, the magnetic force on the electrons must be "upwards" (i.e., the electrons are supposed to be downwards, hence towards the wire). Also, its size must be equal to mg of electrons (its mass is easy to find).
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N2+ 3H2= 2NH3+ energy Design criteria are the desired features of a design. Identify at least two criteria for the design of the ammonia-making process. Explain why these criteria are important.
Efficiency and safety are important criteria for the design of ammonia production processes, as they consume less energy and reliably produce large amounts of ammonia with minimal risk of accidents.
What are Design Criteria?Design criteria are specific characteristics or requirements that a design must meet in order to be successful. They provide clear and measurable criteria for evaluating designs, ensuring that the final product meets the needs and expectations of customers or users. Design criteria include not only technical specifications such as size, weight and materials, but also performance requirements such as safety, efficiency and durability. It can also include cost-related criteria such as manufacturing cost, ease of maintenance, and environmental aspects. The process of identifying and defining design criteria is an important step in the design process as it helps ensure that the final product meets user needs and is fit for purpose. This is important because as much of the reactants (nitrogen and hydrogen) as possible are converted to ammonia, thereby maximizing the yield of the process. This is important to make the process economical and produce large amounts of ammonia.
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How many gram i hydrogen ga (H2) are in 2600 ml comtainer at 35 degree celiu and a preure of 165 mmHg
108gm of hydrogen gas is present in2600ml container at 35-degree Celsius and at pressure of 165mm Hg.
Given data:
water = 2600ml
temp = 35°C & 95k
pressure = 165mm Hg & 0.162atm
From given information we apply ideal das equation to get moles.
PV = nRT
0.162atm * 2600ml = n 0.0821 * 95k
n = 54
Now we know 1 mole of hydrogen contain 2.016gm hydrogen.
In 54 moles we have 108gm hydrogen.
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Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions of a strong acid in water.
(a) 0.16 M HCl
(b) 4.4 M HClO4
(c) 2.3???10?11 M HI
The pH of each of the following solutions of a strong acid in water for (a) 0.16 M HCl is 0.78, (b) 4.4 M HClO4 is 3.35, (c) 2.31011 M HI is 10.64.
A strong acid is an acid that is completely ionized in water. Therefore, the pH of a solution of a strong acid in water can be calculated using the following formula:
pH = -log[H+]
(a) 0.16 M HCl:
= [H+]
= 0.16 M
pH
= -log(0.16)
= -(-0.78)
= 0.78
(b) 4.4 M HClO4:
[H+]
= 4.4 M
pH
= -log(4.4)
= -(0.35)
= 3.35
(c) 2.3 x 10^-11 M HI:
[H+]
= 2.3 x 10^-11 M
pH
= -log(2.3 x 10^-11)
= -(-10.64)
= 10.64
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The heat of vaporization for water is 40.7 kJ/mol. How much heat energy must 150.0 g of water absorb to boil away completely
The heat of vaporization for water is 40.7 kJ/mol. the heat energy must 150.0 g of water absorb to boil away completely is 6106 kJ.
The expression is given as :
q = m ΔH
where ,
q is heat energy
m is the mass
ΔH is the heat of the vaporization.
q = heat = ?
m = mass = 150 g
ΔH = heat of vaporization = 40.7 kJ/mol
q = 150 × 40.7
q = 6106 kJ
Thus , if the heat of vaporization is 40.7 kJ/mol ,the heat energy required for 150 g of water absorb to boil away completely is 6106 kJ.
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reasons why large quantities of electricity is used for down's cell
1.High energy demands: Down's cells require a large amount of energy to function effectively. The process of creating and maintaining the cells requires significant energy inputs to power equipment, lighting, heating, and cooling systems.
2.Manufacturing processes: Many of the processes involved in creating and maintaining Down's cells are energy-intensive. This includes cell replication, gene manipulation, and tissue culture.
3.Complex equipment: The equipment required for Down's cell research and production is often complex and requires significant energy inputs to operate. This includes centrifuges, microscopes, and other specialized equipment used in the lab.
4.Climate control: Down's cells must be kept at specific temperatures and humidity levels to maintain their integrity. This requires the use of energy-intensive climate control systems to maintain optimal conditions.
5.Data storage and processing: With the growing amount of data generated by Down's cell research, large quantities of electricity are also needed to store and process the data.
6.Extensive research and development: Down's cells are a relatively new area of research, which means that large amounts of electricity are used to power experimentation and the testing of new techniques and methods.
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A binary covalent bond exists between
A. Any element
B. 2 nonmetals
C. 1met and 1 nonmetal
D. 2 metals
A binary covalent bond exists between 2 nonmetals.
These compounds are termed similarly to binary ionic compounds even though they don't contain ions.
These guidelines apply to the nomenclature of binary covalent compounds:
The complete name of the first element in the formula is given first.
The name of the second element refers to it as an anion.
Prefixes are employed to indicate the number of atoms in a compound. The prefix mono- is dropped if the first element only has one atom.
For instance, carbon monoxide is the name given to CO rather than monocarbon monoxide.
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The empirical formula for the compound having the formula H₂C₂O4 is
C₂O₂H₂
COH
COH ₂
CO₂H
C₂H₂
Answer:
CO₂H
Explanation:
The empirical formula gives the smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
The ratio of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen in H₂C₂O₄ is:
H : C : O
2 : 2 : 4
They have a common factor of 2, so we can divide the atoms of each element by 2:
H : C : O
1 : 1 : 2
This gives us HCO₂ or CO₂H
An oxide of chromium crystallizes with the following unit cell (chromium = gray; oxygen = red)(Figure 1) .
What is the formula of the oxide?
An oxide of chromium crystallizes with the following unit cell (chromium = gray; oxygen = red)(Figure 1) --CrO3
In order to determine the formula of the oxide, we need to determine the ratio of chromium to oxygen atoms in the unit cell. From the provided unit cell, we can see that there is one chromium atom (gray) in the center of the unit cell, and four oxygen atoms (red) surrounding it. This gives us a ratio of 1:4 chromium to oxygen, which simplifies to a ratio of 1:4 or 1/5. Therefore, the formula of the oxide is CrO4.An oxide is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element. Oxides can be either inorganic or organic, depending on the element that is combined with oxygen. Inorganic oxides are compounds composed of a metal and oxygen. They can be further classified as acidic, basic or neutral depending on the oxidation state of the metal atom. Examples of inorganic oxides include water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
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Into how many peaks would you expect the 1H NMR signals of the indicated protons to be split? (Assume all coupling constants are equal. )
The 1H NMR signals of the indicated protons would be split into three peaks.
What are Protons?
Protons are subatomic particles that are present in the nucleus of an atom. They have a positive electric charge and are one of the three main components of an atom, along with electrons and neutrons. Protons are the heaviest of the three particles and make up a large portion of an atom's mass. The number of protons in an atom is known as its atomic number and is what determines an element's chemical behavior and properties.
The split happens because each proton is coupled to two other protons, and each proton is affected by the other two, resulting in a triplet.
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2. Explain the relationship between the key terms in
each of the following pairs.
a. direct pressure and indirect pressure
b. goal and action plan
If someone who look up to does anything that makes you want to do something, this is known as direct pressure directly from the other person's mouth. The plan you use to accomplish the goal it your activity.
Describe pressure.The Standard unit for pressures seems to be the pascal (Pa), which is equal to one newton / square meter (N/m2) of pressure is defined of surface. An object's pressure is inversely related to its force and proportional to both
Why does pressure exist?Pressure is created by molecules moving quickly and crashing into the container's walls. The quantity and intensity of molecular collisions in a given region determine the pressure there.
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statement about isomers is true?
Isomers contain the same number of electrons and neutrons, but different numbers of protons.
Isomers contain the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.
Isomers have the same chemical formula, but different structures.
Isomers have the same formula weight, but different nuclear distributions.
Statement about isomers which is true is that isomers have the same chemical formula, but different structures.
What is chemical formula?Chemical formula is a way of representing the number of atoms present in a compound or molecule.It is written with the help of symbols of elements. It also makes use of brackets and subscripts.
It is not the same as structural formula and does not have any information regarding structure.It does not provide any information regarding structure of molecule as obtained in structural formula.
There are four types of chemical formula:
1)empirical formula
2) structural formula
3)condensed formula
4)molecular formula
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Draw the stracture of 2-bromo-4-chloro-3, 3-dimethylhex-1-ene
answer :
this is the structure if you want it
Which of the following is the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous sodium fluoride and hydrochloric acid? (A) NaF (aq) + HCI (aq) → Naci (aq) + HF (aq) (B) Na+ (aq) + F- (aq) + H+ (aq) + CI+ (aq) → Na+ (aq) + Cl - (aq) + HF (aq) (C) Na+ (aq) + CI+ (aq) → NaCl (aq) (D) F- (aq) + H+ (aq) → HF (aq)
The net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous sodium fluoride and hydrochloric acid is B. Na+ (aq) + F- (aq) + H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) → Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) + HF (aq)
This is the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous sodium fluoride and hydrochloric acid. The balanced equation for this reaction is NaF (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) +HF (aq).
The net ionic equation is derived by canceling out the spectator ions, which are ions that don't participate in the chemical reaction. In this case, Na+ and Cl- are spectator ions, which means that they don't participate in the reaction and are present in the same form on both sides of the equation. Therefore, they are cancelled out, leaving the net ionic equation Na+ (aq) + F- (aq) + H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) → Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) + HF (aq).
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Consider the feedback loop that occurs when you je rk your hand away from something hot. How does this reflex help to maintain homeostasis?
Considering the feedback loop that occurs when you quickly remove your hand away from something hot, this reflex helps to maintain homeostasis by ensuring that the body is free from danger and thus maintains the internal condition of the body.
What is homeostasis?The stable internal, external, and chemical conditions that are maintained by living systems are known as homeostasis. In order for the organism to function at its best, a number of factors, including body temperature and fluid balance, must be maintained within predetermined ranges.
The body's reflexes help to maintain homeostasis in the body such as heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, and digestion.
Some reflexes that maintain homeostasis in the body include:
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What are the two factors that affect the arrangement of particles in a substance?
The two factors that affect the arrangement of particles in a substance are kinetic energies and intermolecular forces.
In chemistry, all the substances are composed of tiny particles which are in constant motion.
The substance which is made up of atoms, ions or molecules, all the particles possess kinetic energy and keep moving in all direction. On the other hand, intermolecular forces are also present in a substance which keeps the particles together within their boundaries and doesn't let them go far away. In this way substances maintain their shape, arrangement and properties.
In sum, two factors play a crucial role in maintaining the properties of a substance: Kinetic energy and intermolecular forces.
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How many atoms are there in a 2 moles of oxygen atoms? How many atoms are there in 2 moles of oxygen molecules?
For 2 moles of oxygen atoms, there are Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23) atoms. For 2 moles of oxygen molecules, there are twice that amount, or 12.044 x 10^23 atoms.
What are Atoms?
Atoms are the smallest particle of any element that still maintains the properties of that element. Atoms are made up of a nucleus surrounded by one or more electrons. The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, and the electrons orbit around the nucleus. Atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons, which is what gives them their unique properties.
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Consider the reaction.
NH4HS(s)⇌NH3(g)+H2S(g)
At a certain temperature, Kc=8.5×10−3. In a reaction mixture at this temperature containing solid NH4HS, [NH3]=0.166 M and [H2S]=0.166 M. Will more of the solid form or will some of the existing solid decompose as equilibrium is reached?
In the reaction, NH4HS(s)⇌NH3(g)+H2S(g), more of the solid will form.
What is equilibrium?In a chemical reaction, equilibrium is the state where both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so there is also no observable change in the properties of the system. This state results when forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as reverse reaction.
If Q= K then equilibrium
Q>k, then reversed direction shift
Q<k, then forward direction shift
Given, Kc=8.5×10−3
Given [NH3]=0.166 and M [H2S]=0.166 M
Here Q= 0.166 M (given)
It shows Q> k that is 0.166 > 8.5×10−3
Therefore, more of the solid will form.
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The rate of effusion of a particular gas was measured and found to be 21.0 mL/min. Under the same conditions, the rate of effusion of pure methane (CH4) gas is 47.0 mL/min. What is the molar mass of the unknown gas
the particular gas effusion was 21.0. and the methane effusion rate is 47.0 The molar mass of the unknown gas is approximately 28.6 g/mol
The process through which a gas manages to escape through with a small hole or highly permeable barrier is known as effusion. A gas's rate of effusion is inversely proportional to its molar mass squared. The following equation describes this relationship: rate1 / rate2 = (sqrt(molar mass2) / sqrt(molar mass1)). where rate1 and rate2 are the rates of effusion of the two gases and molar mass1 and molar mass2 are the molar masses of the two gases.Given the rate of effusion of the unknown gas is 21.0 mL/min, and the rate of effusion of pure methane (CH4) is 47.0 mL/min, we can use the above equation to find the molar mass of the unknown gas:
(21.0 mL/min) / (47.0 mL/min) = sqrt(molar mass unknown) / sqrt(16.04 g/mol)
Squaring both sides of the equation, we get:
(21.0 mL/min)^2 / (47.0 mL/min)^2 = (molar mass unknown) / (16.04 g/mol)
Solving for molar mass unknown we get:
molar mass unknown = (16.04 g/mol) * (21.0 mL/min)^2 / (47.0 mL/min)^2
The molar mass of the unknown gas is approximately 28.6 g/mol
Please note that the above calculation is based on the assumption that the temperature and pressure are the same for both gases and that the gases are ideal
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What do Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine have in common, with regards to their electronegativity and position in the periodic table
The elements that are nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine all of them exist as diatomic gases at room temperature.
There are total seven diatomic elements that are written as follows: hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I). The formation of diatomic gases is done by making up two atoms of the same gas. For example, the formula for nitrogen gas is N2, the formula for oxygen gas is O2 and the formula for Fluorine gas is F2. The word diatomic has other synonym which is known as heteronuclear. The position of all these three elements in the periodic table is different so their electronegativities, the only common factor is that they exist as a gas.
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How can light help us understand atoms?
Answer: We can calculate the energy levels of an atom
Explanation:
Spectral lines tell us how many different energy levels an atom has, and how far apart those energy levels are spaced.This is possible because spectral lines are the result of an excess (emission lines) or deficiency (absorption lines) of observed photons emitted from certain types of matter. The lines are caused by electrons moving between energy levels within individual atoms. Since each element emits it's own unique spectrum, this means that different types of atoms must have a distinct number of electrons in very particular energy levels.
What is metallurgy ?
Answer:
according to the Oxford dictionary, metallurgy the branch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification
Explanation:
Explanation:
The entire scientific and technological process used for isolation of the metal from its ores is known as metallurgy.
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Hope it's help ^_^
A 5.05 g sample of quartz (SiO 2) contains 2.36 g of silicon. What are the percentages of silicon and oxygen in quartz
In quartz, silicon has a mass percent of 46.7% while oxygen has a mass percent of 53.3%.
Given the total mass of a sample of quartz (SiO2) (m1) = 5.05g
Mass of silicon (m2) = 2.36g
The percent composition of an element in a chemical compound is referred to as mass percent. Mass percent may be expressed as follows:
mass percent = mass of element/mass of sample x 100
The percent mass of silicon (p1) = 2.36/5.05 x100 = 46.7%
The substance was made of silicon and oxygen.
Thus, 100% Quartz =%Silicon +%Oxygen can be used to express the mass percentage of quartz.
100% Quartz = 46.7% + % Oxygen
% Oxygen = 53.3%
Hence the percentages of silicon and oxygen in quartz are 46.7% and 53.3%.
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