A vapour pressure of the a fluid at a given temperature is determined by the pressure that the saturated vapour exerts on the liquid surface. The phases of liquid and vapour are in balance.
What connection exists between pressure and the equilibrium constant?The equilibrium constants do not change even when the system's pressure varies. Only a temperature change can modify an equilibrium constant. The equilibrium position may change if the pressure is changed.
What factors affect equilibrium?The equilibrium constant is temperature-dependent and unaffected by the precise ratios of reactants to products, either presence of a catalyst, or the presence of inert substances. Additionally, it is unaffected by the volumes, pressures, and concentrations of the reactants and products.
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The correct question is
A)It remains constant when the temperature increases.
B) It decreases to half its original value if the volume of the gas phase is doubled...
✓ C) It is independent of the volume of the vapor phase.
calculate the specific heat of brass from your data. show your work and record your answer below. include units. the specific heat of water is cwater
The specific heat of brass is 261 J/kg°C.
The specific heat capacity is described as the quantity of heat (J) absorbed per unit mass (kg) of the material when its temperature increases 1 K (or 1 °C), and its units are J/(kg K) or J/(kg °C).
We know that heat lost by brass is equal to heat gained by water,
M(water) = 57.4 g
C(water) = 4186
ΔT(water) = 29 - 27.2
M(brass) = 57.32 g
C(brass) = ?
ΔT(brass) = 58.9 - 30
By using the formula,
M(water)C(water)ΔT(water) = M(brass)C(brass)ΔT(brass)
Substituting the values,
57.4 × 4186 × (29 - 27.2) = 57.32 × C(brass) × (58.9 - 30)
⇒ 432497.52 = 1656.548 × C(brass)
⇒ C(brass) = 432497.52 / 1656.548
⇒ C(brass) = 261 J/kg°C
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A 75.0 mL sample of sulfur dioxide gas exerts 200. mm Hg pressure at 30.0ºC. What pressure in mmHg does it exert at 35.0ºC if the volume expands to 80.0 mL?
The pressure of the sulfur dioxide gas at 35.0ºC, when the volume expands to 80.0 mL, is 170.0 mmHg.
Pressure = (200 mmHg)(80.0mL/75.0mL)(273.15K/303.15K) = 170.0 mmHg
Calculation
1) Calculate the temperature in Kelvin,
30.0ºC = 303.15K
35.0ºC = 308.15K
2) Calculate the Pressure,
Pressure = (200 mmHg)(80.0mL/75.0mL)(273.15K/303.15K)
Pressure = (200 mmHg)(80.0mL/75.0mL)(273.15K/303.15K)
= 170.0 mmHg
Gay-Lussac's Law
Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a fixed amount of gas held at a constant volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
P1/T1=P2/T2
The pressure of the sulfur dioxide gas at 35.0ºC, when the volume expands to 80.0 mL, is 170.0 mmHg.
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using your knowledge of molecular structure, identify the main intermolecular force in the following compounds. you may find it useful to draw lewis structures to find your answer.
[tex]H_{2} O[/tex] is the main intermolecular force in water [tex]H_{2} O[/tex] is hydrogen bonding, which occurs between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and the oxygen atom of another molecule. And [tex]C_H4[/tex] is the main intermolecular force in methane ([tex]C_H4[/tex]) is London dispersion forces, which are the weakest of the intermolecular forces and arise from temporary dipoles that occur when electrons are not evenly distributed in a molecule.
Hydrogen bonding is a strong intermolecular force that occurs between polar molecules, such as water, due to the attraction between the positively charged hydrogen atom and the negatively charged oxygen atom. In contrast, London dispersion forces occur between nonpolar molecules, such as methane, and arise from temporary dipoles that occur when electrons are not evenly distributed in a molecule.
Understanding the intermolecular forces in different compounds is important for predicting their physical properties, such as melting and boiling points, solubility, and viscosity.
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Identify these elements based on their locations in the periodic table. Give the symbol, not the name.
period 5, group 2 (2A)___________
period 4, group 11 (1B)____________
period 6, group 15 (5A)________________
The symbol and the names are:
Period 5, group 2 (2A) - Strontium (Sr)Period 4, group 11 (1B) - Copper (Cu)Period 6, group 15 (5A) - Antimony (Sb)What is a periodic table?
This refers to a table that organizes all discovered chemical elements in rows (called periods) and columns (called groups) according to increasing atomic number.
The periodic table of elements puts all the known elements into groups with similar properties. This makes it an important tool for chemists, nanotechnologists and other scientists. An understanding of the periodic table helps a scientist predict how a chemical element behaves.
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using a reference table, determine the hrxn for each of the three reactions you performed from the heats of formation of each of the species in the reaction.
The enthalpy change of a reaction (ΔHrxn) can be calculated using the heats of formation of each of the reactants and products.
The heat of formation (ΔHf) is the enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of a compound is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states under standard conditions. The standard state is the most stable form of the element at a given temperature and pressure.
The equation for calculating the enthalpy change of a reaction using heats of formation is:
ΔHrxn = Σ(nΔHf(products)) - Σ(nΔHf(reactants))
Where ΔHf is the heat of formation, n is the stoichiometric coefficient, and Σ is the sum of the heats of formation for all species in the reaction.
By using a reference table of heats of formation, we can calculate the enthalpy change for a given reaction and determine if it is exothermic (ΔHrxn < 0) or endothermic (ΔHrxn > 0).
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for the reaction between sodium metal and water, determine how many grams of hydrogen gas will form if you start with 4.0 moles of sodium. assume you have more than enough water.
If you start with 4.0 moles of sodium, 4.0 moles of hydrogen gas will form.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium metal and water is [tex]2N_a + 2 H2_O[/tex] - > [tex]2 NaOH + H2.[/tex] The stoichiometry of the equation indicates that 2 moles of sodium reacts with 1 mole of water to produce 1 mole of hydrogen gas.
Therefore, if you start with 4.0 moles of sodium, all of it will react with water to produce 2.0 moles of hydrogen gas. To convert moles to grams, you would need to use the molar mass of hydrogen, which is 1.008 g/mol, giving a final answer of 2.016 grams of hydrogen gas.
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cherise the chemist needs to make 750.0 ml of 2.00 m h3po4 solution. she has 14.8 m (concentrated) h3po4 solution available. select the correct choices from the drop-down menus to describe how she should make this solution. combine ______of 14.8 m h3po4 with _____distilled water to make 750.0 ml of 2.00 m h3po4 solution.
The molarity of the stoke solution is 14.8 M. Then we need 101.35 ml of the stoke solution with 648.65 ml of distilled water to make 750.0 ml of 2.00 M H₃PO₄ solution.
What is molarity ?Molarity is a common term used to express the concentration of a solution. It is the ratio of number of moles of solute to the volume of solution in liters.
If we have a stoke solution of molarity M1 and volume V1, and the solution prepared from the stoke solution is having molarity M2 and volume V2, then,
M1 V1 = M2 V2.
Given, M1 for the stoke acid solution = 14.8 M
M2 = 2 M
V2 = 750 ml.
then V1 = M2 V2/V1
V1 = 750 ml × 2 M /14.8 M= 101.35 ml.
water to be added to 750 ml = 750 - 101.35 = 648.65 ml
Therefore, you have to combine 101.35 ml of 14.8 M H₃PO₄ with 648.65 ml distilled water to make 750 ml of 2 M solution.
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In a calorimeter, the temperature of 100 g of water decreased by 20°C when 10 g of ice melted. How much heat was absorbed by the ice?
A 8.36 j
b 8.36 kj
c 20 kj
d 836 kj
The heat that is absorbed is 8.36 kj.
What is the heat that is absorbed?Heat absorbed by ice is the amount of thermal energy that is transferred from its surroundings to the ice, causing the temperature of the ice to increase. This process occurs until the ice reaches its melting point, at which point it begins to convert from a solid state to a liquid state.
We have that;
Q = mcdT
Q = Heat absorbed
m = mass of the substance
c = Heat capacity
dT = temperature change
Thus
Q = 100 * 4.18 * (20)
Q = 8.36 kj
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Experiment 4C: Solvent Extraction II: Acid-Base Extraction Using Two-Component Mixture of an Acid and a Neutral Substance Procedure: The procedure was followed as described in Mayo, pages 147-150, with the modifications listed in the posted Blackboard document. Additional modifications to the procedure included the following: Instead of separating a mixture of three compounds the mixture contained only a base and neutral compound. A centrifuge tube was used fo the separation technique.The melting point of 9-fluorenone was the only reagen identified. - Use 75 mg of the compounds instead of 50 mg. - Use 9-fluorenone and benzoic acid - Use either a 15-mL centrifuge tube or a 20-mL separatory funnel to mix th components.
Acid-Base Extraction is a separation technique that is used to separate organic compounds based on their acid-base properties. In this experiment, the goal is to separate a mixture of a base and a neutral compound using acid-base extraction.
The first step in this experiment is to dissolve the mixture of 9-fluorenone and benzoic acid in a solvent. This is done by adding 75 mg of the mixture to a centrifuge tube or a separatory funnel along with an appropriate solvent. The solvent should be chosen based on its ability to dissolve the mixture and its immiscibility with water.
Next, an aqueous solution of a strong acid or base is added to the mixture. This will react with the base or acid in the mixture, respectively, forming a salt that is soluble in water. The aqueous layer can then be separated from the organic layer using the centrifuge tube or separatory funnel.
The final step is to recover the separated compounds.
The aqueous layer can be evaporated to recover the salt, which can then be converted back to the original base or acid using an acid or base, respectively. The organic layer can be evaporated to recover the neutral compound.
Overall, acid-base extraction is a useful technique for separating organic compounds based on their acid-base properties. It is important to carefully choose the solvent and acid or base used in the experiment to ensure efficient separation of the compounds.
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A chemistry student weighs out 0.950 kg of an unknown solid compound X and adds it to 2.00 L of distilled water at 24.° C . After 10 minutes of stirring, only some of the X has dissolved. The student drains off the solution, then washes, dries and weighs the X that did not dissolve. It weighs 0.570 kg.
1) Using the information above, can you calculate the solubility of X?
2) If so, calculate it. Remember to use the correct significant digits and units.
Thanks!
The solubility of X would be S = 190 g/L.
What is meant by solubility?A substance's solubility is the greatest amount that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature. A specific solute-solvent combination's solubility is a defining trait, and the solubilities of various compounds can vary significantly.
The initial mass of the unknown solid exists [tex]$m_i=0.950 \mathrm{~kg}$[/tex]
The mass of the undissolved substance exists [tex]$m_u=0.570 \mathrm{~kg}$[/tex]
The volume of the solution exists V = 2.00 L
1) Yes, it is possible to determine X's solubility since the solubility of a substance in a solution is the quantity of the substance required to saturate 1 unit volume of the solvent solution at the specified temperature.
And from our inquiry, we can see that ingredient X saturates the solvent but is still present in the mixture undissolved.
2) The mass of the substance that dissolved ([tex]m_d[/tex]) is mathematically represented as
[tex]$$\begin{aligned}& m_d=m_i-m_u \\& m_d=0.95-0.570 \\& m_d=0.38 \mathrm{~kg}=0.38 * 1000=380 \mathrm{~g}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
The solubility of this substance (X) is mathematically represented as
[tex]$S=\frac{m_d}{V}$$[/tex]
substituting values in the above equation, we get
[tex]$$\begin{aligned}& S=\frac{380}{2} \\& S=190 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{L}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
Therefore, the solubility of X would be S = 190 g/L.
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In this experiment, we will need to ensure the sample and burette are ready for titration. Select ALL the statements that are TRUE. Note: Partial credit will not be given to partial answers. You must select ALL the true statements. Right before titration, add 5-8 drops of the indicator, Calmagite. Measure the pH of the water solution and adjust it to pH 7 with HCI. Measure the pH of the water solution and adjust it to pH 10 or above with a buffer. Rinse and coat with DI water, then with EDTA solution before filling it up with EDTA. Right before titration, add 5-8 drops of the indicator, phenolphthalein.
Prior to titration, the buret must be cleaned with lab water and the titration solution. With little volumes of lab water, rinse the buret three times.
What is meant by Calmagite?A complex metric indicator called calmagite is used in analytical chemistry to detect the presence of metal ions in solution. The color of calmagite changes when it is attached to an ion, just like with other metal ion indicators. The titration of calcium or magnesium with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid frequently uses the indicator calmagite in analytical chemistry (EDTA). The amount of magnesium in biological materials can be determined using it as well. water soluble.In the presence of calcium (Ca 2+) and magnesium (Mg 2+) ions at pH 10, the metal ion indicator calmagite causes a solution to turn wine red. When EDTA is added to a solution, the indicator is removed from the metal-indicator complex and the solution turns blue.To learn more about Calmagite, refer to:
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three resonance structures are possible for the cation shown. one resonance form is given. draw the two remaining resonance structures (in any order), including nonbonding electrons and formal charges. omit curved arrows. resonance structure a is a 6 carbon chain where carbon 1 has a carbocation, there is a double bond between carbons 2 and 3 and between carbons 4 and 5 and carbon 5 has a methyl substituent. structure b structure c which structure contributes most to the hybrid? the primary allylic carbocation is the major resonance structure. the tertiary allylic carbocation is the major resonance structure all structures are equal contributors. the secondary allylic carbocation is the major resonance structure
In the figure below, the incomplete resonance structure that is lacking is attached. The addition of the nonbonding electrons and their formal charge, which can be seen from there, completes the resonance structure.
What is a resonance structure?Resonance, also known as mesomerism, is a method used in chemistry to describe bonding in specific molecules or polyatomic ions by combining numerous contributing structures into a resonance hybrid according to the valence bond theory. The electronic bonding, including fractional bonds and fractional charges, of a single polyatomic species is collectively represented by resonance structures, which are a collection of two or more Lewis structures. The number of electrons in resonance structures should be constant; do not add or subtract any electrons. (Count the electrons to determine their number). Every resonance structure complies with the standards for writing Lewis Structures. The structure's hybridization must continue to be the sameIn the figure, the other two resonance structures that can be obtained from the entire structure are also depicted. The hybrid is primarily made up of the structure with the negative charge on the oxygen among these three structures.To learn more about resonance structure, refer to:
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write balanced dissociation equations to represent the dissolving of the following solution in water: fecl3
When FeCl3 is dissolved in water, it dissociates into its respective ions in a process known as dissociation.
The balanced dissociation equation for the dissolution of FeCl3 in water is FeCl3(s) → Fe3+(aq) + 3Cl-(aq). In this equation, the solid FeCl3 dissociates into its constituent ions Fe3+ and Cl- in the aqueous phase. Fe3+ is a cation with a 3+ charge, while Cl- is an anion with a 1- charge. When these ions dissociate in water, they become surrounded by water molecules and form hydrated ions. The process of dissociation is important in understanding the properties and behavior of solutions in aqueous environments, as it helps us to understand the distribution of ions in solution and their interactions with other solutes.
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use the ph scale below to determine the ph value of the water in this test. record the value. also, determine whether the ph stayed the same, became more acidic, or became more alkaline compared to the first test.
The pH value of the water decreased: indicating that it became more acidic compared to the first test.
During the experiment, the student blew bubbles into the water, which introduced carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid, a weak acid that can lower the pH of the water. As a result: the pH value of the water decreased, indicating that it became more acidic.
This is because the concentration of hydrogen ions, which determine acidity, increased in the water. The change in pH value may have implications for the organisms living in the water, as different pH levels can affect their survival and growth. Therefore understanding the effects of human activities, such as blowing bubbles into water, on pH levels is important for maintaining the health of aquatic ecosystems.
This question should be given as:
A student placed a straw into the water and blew bubbles (carbon dioxide) into the water for 30 seconds. The pH of the glass of tested again. Use the pH scale below to determine the pH value of the water in this test. Record the value. Also, determine whether the pH stayed the same, became more acidic, or became more alkaline compared to the first test.Learn more about alkaline brainly.com/question/27006881
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Which of the following was Robert A. Millikan able to determine, either from his own work, or by building on the work of J.J. Thomson? Select all that apply. Select all that apply: 0 The existence of an electron The charge of an electron The mass of an electron The model of an atom with a small, positively charged nucleus.
Robert A. Millikan able to determine, either from his own work, The mass of an electron. Hence, the correct option is (c).
Robert A. Millikan was able to determine the charge of an electron, but the discovery of the electron itself was made by J.J. Thomson. Millikan's work built on Thomson's discovery and helped to refine our understanding of the properties of electrons. By conducting the oil drop experiment, Millikan was able to measure the charge of an electron with great precision. He observed the motion of tiny oil droplets that were suspended in an electric field, and by measuring the strength of the electric field and the speed of the droplets, he was able to calculate the charge of each droplet. By adjusting the strength of the electric field, he was able to find the smallest possible charge that a droplet could have, which corresponded to the charge of a single electron. However, Millikan did not determine the mass of an electron, as this was already known from Thomson's work on the charge-to-mass ratio of electrons. Additionally, Millikan did not propose a model of an atom with a small, positively charged nucleus, as this idea was developed later by Ernest Rutherford.
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A recipe calls for -cup of butter. One ounce (oz) of butter is equivalent to 2 tablespoons (T) and 4 there are 8 oz of butter in 1 cup. Which of the following statements correctly interpret the information provided? Select all that apply. Check all that apply. O The information provided gives the conversion factor 8 oz /2 TO The information provided gives the conversion factor 8 oz/1 cupO The recipe requires 64 T of butter. O The recipe requires 4T of butter.
The statements that correctly interpret the information provided, about the recipe are The information provided gives the conversion factor 8 oz /2 T, and The recipe calls for 4T of butter. The correct A and D.
Using this information, we can convert the amount of butter needed in the recipe from cups to tablespoons. Since there are 8 oz of butter in 1 cup, and 1 oz is equivalent to 2 T, we can calculate that 1 cup of butter is equivalent to 16 tablespoons (8 oz x 2 T/oz = 16 T). Therefore, if the recipe calls for -cup of butter, this is equivalent to 8 tablespoons of butter (1/2 cup x 16 T/cup = 8 T).
Additionally, we can check that 1/4 cup of butter is equivalent to 4 tablespoons by using the conversion factor of 8 oz / 1 cup. Since 1/4 cup is one-fourth of 1 cup, it is equivalent to 2 oz of butter (8 oz / 4 = 2 oz). Then, using the conversion factor of 1 oz = 2 T, we can calculate that 2 oz of butter is equivalent to 4 tablespoons (2 oz x 2 T/oz = 4 T).
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How many oxygen formula units are in 85 grams are in (insert pic formula)? MM=601.93
50 POINTS!!!!!!!!
There are 6.7 * 10^23 oxygen atoms
What is the mole?The mole is a unit of measurement in chemistry used to express amounts of a chemical substance. One mole is defined as the amount of a substance that contains Avogadro's number of entities, which is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 entities
The first step is to get the number of moles of the compound.
Number of moles =85 grams/602 g/mol
= 0.14 moles
Then we have the number of oxygen atoms as;
0.14 moles * 8 * 6.02 * 10^23
= 6.7 * 10^23 oxygen atoms
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Use the Text Submission box to answer the following question. Rank the following bonds in order of strength from weakest to strongest:
a. C-C
b. C=C
c. C-H
d. C-O
e. C=O
f. C-F
g. C-Br
h. C≡N
The strength of a bond between two atoms is determined by the amount of energy required to break the bond.
The higher the bond energy, the stronger the bond. Generally, the more bonds between two atoms, the stronger the bond.
Based on this information, we can rank the bonds in order of strength from weakest to strongest:
Therefore, the bond between C and Br is the weakest, while the bond between C and N with a triple bond is the strongest.
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Relate how the energy of ATP hydrolysis can be harnessed to drive an energetically unfavorable condensation reaction.(A-H + B-OH → A-B + H2O)
ATP hydrolysis releases energy in the form of a high-energy phosphate bond.
This energy can be harnessed to drive energetically unfavorable condensation reactions, such as the reaction A-H + B-OH → A-B + H2O. In this reaction, a covalent bond is formed between A and B, while a water molecule is released.
The overall reaction can be written as:
B-OH + ATP → B-PO4 + ADP (phosphorylation of B)
B-PO4 + A-H → A-B + H2O + Pi (condensation reaction)
The overall reaction is exergonic, as it involves the release of energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, which is coupled to the energetically unfavorable condensation reaction.
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cjhegg q12: which region of earth generally has the highest concentration of water vapor and which region generally has the lowest concentration? q13: why would the distribution of water vapor change across the globe in the way that you identified in q13? (i.e., why would the region that had the highest concentration be expected to have the highest concentration and why would the region that had the lowest concentration be expected to have lowest concentration?) q14: how would you describe the movement of the area with the most water vapor over the course of a year? q15: how does the movement you just described relate to what you learned in the solar radiation
The tropical regions of earth contains the highest concentration of water vapor and higher altitudes and poles have the lower water vapor concentration.
What is differential distribution of water vapor ?Lower atmospheric water vapor molecules absorb heat generated from the Earth's surface. In turn, the water vapor molecules emit heat in all directions. The Earth's surface receives some of the heat back.
In the tropics, as the seasons change, a band of extremely humid air sways both north and south of the equator. The Intertropical Convergence Zone, where the easterly trade winds from either hemisphere meet and create almost daily thunderstorms and clouds, includes this ring of dampness.
Water vapor concentrations are higher farther from the equator in the summer-experienced hemisphere and lower in the winter-experienced one.
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If 38g of water are produced in the reaction, how many moles of COz were produced.
If 38g of water are produced in the reaction, 19 moles of CO₂ were produced.
What is mole ?The term mole is defined as the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities.
One mole of any substance is equal to 6.023 × 10²³ units of that substance such as atoms, molecules, or ions. The number 6.023 × 10²³ is called as Avogadro's number or Avogadro's constant.
CO₂ + 4H₂ → CH₄ + 2H₂O
In the above reaction we see that,
2 mole of H₂O produce 1 mol of CO₂
Therefore,
38 gram of H₂O produce 19gram of CO₂
Thus, If 38g of water are produced in the reaction, 19 moles of CO₂ were produced.
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water is the working fluid in an ideal rankine cycle power plant. superheated vapor enters the turbine at 10 mpa, 4800c, and the condenser pressure is 6 kpa. the cooling water used in the power plant entered the condenser at 200c and exited at 350c. to gain understanding, we performed the following calculations: (a) work done by the turbine per kg of water (b) work consumed by the pump per kg of water (c) heat input in the steam generator per kg of water (d) heat rejected at the condenser per kg of water (e) the efficiency of the power plant (f) the mass flow rate of water in the cycle and the mass flow rate of cooling water assuming a 4000 mw power plant, i.e. similar to the palo verde nuclear power plant in arizona (g) how much is the mass flow rate of cooling water compared to the residential water use of a person in us (100 gallons of water per day
The calculations listed provide a comprehensive understanding of the thermodynamic performance of the Rankine cycle power plant and the water requirements of the plant.
This is a thermodynamics problem involving an ideal Rankine cycle power plant that uses water as its working fluid. The problem requires the calculation of various parameters, including the work done by the turbine, work consumed by the pump, heat input, heat rejected, efficiency, and mass flow rates of water and cooling water.
The problem also requires a comparison of the mass flow rate of cooling water to the residential water use of a person in the US. The solution to this problem involves applying the principles of thermodynamics, specifically the Rankine cycle, and using relevant equations to calculate the required parameters.
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A thin stream of water bends toward a negatively charged rod. When a positively charged rod is placed near the stream, it will bend in the same direction, not the opposite direction. Why? Can you think of another example?
The stream of water is attracted to the negatively charged rod because of electrostatic attraction. This same force will also attract the positively charged rod in the same direction.
Another example of this would be a magnet and a paperclip. The magnet will attract the paperclip even if the magnet is of a different charge.
What is electrostatic attraction?
Electrostatic attraction is the force of attraction between two objects with opposite electrical charges. Electrons from one object are attracted to protons in the other object, creating a strong but short-lived bond. This force helps to keep molecules together, and it is one of the four fundamental forces of nature.
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Use the balanced chemical reactions from 2b) and the moles of co2 desired (3a) to determine what minimum volume (ml) of 2 m hcl solution you would need to use to make sure that hcl is in excess for reaction with any of the carbonate salts.
To determine the minimum volume of 2M HCl needed to ensure that HCl is in excess for reaction with any of the carbonate salts, you need to first determine the number of moles of HCl required.
Since you have the balanced chemical equation from 2b) and the moles of CO₂ desired from 3a), you can use the mole ratio from the equation to calculate the amount of HCl needed. For example, if the equation is 2 moles of HCl for every 1 mole of CO₂, and you need 3 moles of CO₂, you would need 6 moles of HCl. To convert this to volume, you need to use the molarity of the HCl solution, which is 2M.
That means that for every 1 mole of HCl, you will need 2 liters of HCl solution. Therefore, for 6 moles of HCl, you would need 12 liters, which is 12,000 ml of 2M HCl solution.
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a 2.0 l sample of butane at 25 c and 1.3 atm is combusted with excess o2. using the bond enthalpies given above, estimate the change in energy by this sample of butane (c4h10). chemical structure of butane:
The chemical equation for the combustion of butane (C4H10) with excess oxygen (O2) is:
C4H10 + 13/2 O2 → 4 CO2 + 5 H2O
The balanced equation shows that 1 mole of butane reacts with 13/2 moles of O2 to produce 4 moles of CO2 and 5 moles of H2O. The change in energy for the combustion of butane can be calculated using bond enthalpies, which are given in units of kJ/mol of bonds broken or formed.
The bond enthalpies needed for this calculation are:
C-H = 413 kJ/mol
C-C = 348 kJ/mol
C=O = 799 kJ/mol
O=O = 498 kJ/mol
O-H = 463 kJ/mol
First, we need to calculate the total energy required to break the bonds in butane:
4 C-H bonds × 413 kJ/mol/bond = 1652 kJ/mol
8 C-C bonds × 348 kJ/mol/bond = 2784 kJ/mol
The total energy required to break the bonds in butane is:
1652 kJ/mol + 2784 kJ/mol = 4436 kJ/mol
Next, we need to calculate the total energy released by forming new bonds in the products:
8 C=O bonds × 799 kJ/mol/bond = 6392 kJ/mol
10 O-H bonds × 463 kJ/mol/bond = 4630 kJ/mol
The total energy released by forming new bonds in the products is:
6392 kJ/mol + 4630 kJ/mol = 11022 kJ/mol
The net change in energy for the combustion of butane is:
11022 kJ/mol - 4436 kJ/mol = 6586 kJ/mol
Finally, we need to calculate the energy change for the given sample of butane (C4H10) by using the Ideal Gas Law:
PV = nRT
where P = 1.3 atm, V = 2.0 L, n is the number of moles of butane, R is the gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K), and T = 25°C = 298 K.
Solving for n, we get:
n = PV/RT = (1.3 atm)(2.0 L)/(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(298 K) = 0.108 mol
Therefore, the change in energy for the given sample of butane (C4H10) is:
6586 kJ/mol × 0.108 mol = 711 kJ
Therefore, the change in energy for the given sample of butane (C4H10) is approximately 711 kJ.
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how many kinds of chemically non-equivalent hydrogens are there in each of the following compounds? xyxlohexane n-ch3
The number of the chemically non-equivalent hydrogens are there in the cyclohexane and N - (CH₃)₃ is zero.
The Non-equivalent hydrogen are groups of the hydrogens will have different synthetic movements. The Symmetry is the main component to determine the non-equivalent hydrogens.
The all the hydrogens in the cyclohexane are chemically equivalent hydrogens , therefore the is zero non equivalent hydrogen. In the compound N - (CH₃)₃ that is the N,N-Dimethylmethanamine. The non - equivalent hydrogen in this compound is zero because all the hydrogen are chemically equivalent. Therefore , all the hydrogens in the cyclohexane and N - (CH₃)₃ are chemically equivalent.
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which of these variables are not state functions? which of these variables are not state functions? m (mass) u (internal energy) q (heat) t (temperature) w (work) v (volume)
The variables that are not state functions are m (mass), q (heat), and w (work).
What is work?Work is an activity that requires physical or mental effort and is done in exchange for money or other rewards. It can also be seen as an exchange of energy, where an individual puts in effort in order to achieve a desired outcome. Work can be done in a variety of fields and can range from manual labor to professional jobs. It is an important part of many people's lives and can be a source of fulfillment and satisfaction, as well as providing a means of economic security. Work can also be a source of stress, but when done properly can be a great way to make a living, develop skills, and better oneself.
Therefore, The variables that are not state functions are m (mass), q (heat), and w (work).
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true/false. in general, the bonding within some materials may not be predicted by the ketelaar triangle. for example, it only accounts for the primary bonding types (metallic, ionic, and covalent).
The given statement: "in general, the bonding within some materials may not be predicted by the Ketelaar triangle. for example, it only accounts for the primary bonding types (metallic, ionic, and covalent)", is true (T) because the Ketelaar triangle indeed only accounts for the primary bonding types and does not consider other bonding types that may exist in some materials.
The Ketelaar triangle is a useful tool for predicting the types of bonding that may occur in a material based on its electronegativity difference. However, it only considers the three primary bonding types: metallic, ionic and covalent. There are other types of bonding, such as hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces, that may also be present in some materials.
These types of bonding are not accounted for by the Ketelaar triangle, so its predictions may not always be accurate. Therefore while the Ketelaar triangle is a helpful starting point for understanding bonding in materials, it should not be relied upon as the only tool for predicting bonding behavior.
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Explain why the Jobs method works in determining the formula of a salt.
The Jobs method works because the ratio of the cations to the anions in a salt is fixed and can be determined by measuring the mass of the precipitate formed when the salt is reacted with a known quantity of a reagent.
What is Job?
In the context of chemistry, the "Jobs method" refers to a chemical technique used to determine the empirical formula of a salt. It is named after its inventor, Zdenko Hans Skraup Job (1865-1933), who was an Austrian chemist and professor of chemistry at the University of Prague.
Job is best known for his work on the synthesis and properties of organic compounds, particularly his research on indole derivatives and alkaloids. He also made important contributions to the field of physical chemistry, including the development of the Jobs method for determining the empirical formula of a salt.
The Jobs method is a chemical technique used to determine the empirical formula of a salt. It involves finding the ratio of the cations and anions in the salt by taking advantage of the precipitation reaction that occurs between the salt and a known amount of a reagent that forms an insoluble product with one of the ions in the salt.
The general steps of the Jobs method are as follows:
A known quantity of the salt is dissolved in water to form a solution.
A known quantity of a reagent is added to the solution, which reacts with one of the ions in the salt to form an insoluble precipitate.
The precipitate is filtered and dried, and the mass is measured.
The mass of the precipitate is used to calculate the moles of the ion that reacted with the reagent.
The ratio of the moles of the cation to the moles of the anion is calculated.
The ratio is then simplified to the smallest whole number ratio to determine the empirical formula of the salt.
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The modern penny has a mass of 2.500 g when it is manufactured, but it is mostly zinc metal. Only the outside of the penny is coated in copper. Each modern penny is coated in 0.0625 g of copper. how many atoms of copper (Cu) are in a modern penny?
If the modern penny has a mass of 2.500 g when it is manufactured, but it is mostly zinc metal. The number of atoms of copper (Cu) that are in a modern penny is: 5.91 x 10^18 atoms of copper (Cu).
How to find the number of atoms of copper?To calculate the number of atoms of copper (Cu) in a modern penny, we need to know the atomic mass of copper, which is 63.55 g/mol, and the Avogadro's number, which is 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol.
First, we'll calculate the number of moles of copper in the penny by dividing its mass by the atomic mass of copper:
0.0625 g / 63.55 g/mol = 9.84 x 10^-5 mol
Next, we'll multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number to get the number of atoms:
9.84 x 10^-5 mol * 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol = 5.91 x 10^18 atoms
Therefore, there are approximately 5.91 x 10^18 atoms of copper (Cu) in a modern penny.
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