A 0.10 M NaCl solution would be hypertonic to a 0.10 M glucose solution because NaCl dissociates into two ions (Na⁺ and Cl⁻) in water, whereas glucose does not dissociate into ions.
Therefore, a NaCl solution has a higher osmotic pressure than a glucose solution at the same molarity because it has more solute particles per unit volume.
As a result, the NaCl solution will draw water out of the glucose solution by osmosis to equalize the concentration of solute particles on both sides of the semipermeable membrane, causing the glucose solution to shrink. This is why a NaCl solution is considered hypertonic compared to a glucose solution.
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part e
drop a single crystal of sodium acetate into the flask. observe the contents of the flask. what happens to the sodium acetate solution in the flask after you drop in the crystal?
Answer:
I dropped a crystal of sodium acetate into the solution it immediately became cloudy again, it became supersaturated.
Explanation:
I used this and scored 100% but if you copy and paste they will flag you for plagiarsm so make sure to rewrite it in your own words.
I dropped a crystal of sodium acetate into the solution it immediately became cloudy again, it became supersaturated.
What is Sodium acetate solution?Chemically known as CH3COONa, sodium acetate is a hygroscopic powder that is very water soluble. The addition of sodium acetate to products like heating pads, food, industries, and concrete is possible.
When administered intravenously, sodium acetate plays a critical role in medicine as an electrolyte replenisher. It is mostly recommended to treat hyponatremic patients' sodium levels. Additionally, it can be used to alkalinize urine and treat metabolic acidosis.
In patients with limited or no oral intake, salt should be added to high volumes of intravenous fluids to prevent or treat hyponatremia. for the patient's needs cannot be addressed by conventional electrolyte or nutrient solutions, it is also helpful as an addition for creating customized intravenous fluid formulas.
Therefore, I dropped a crystal of sodium acetate into the solution it immediately became cloudy again, it became supersaturated.
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Ionic compounds are ______ at room temperature and generally have ______ melting and boiling points.
Thus all ionic compounds are solids at room temperature and generally they have very high melting and boiling points.
There are strong electrostatic attractive forces between the positive and negative ions in ionic solids. These extremely powerful forces must be overcome in order to melt the solid. As a result, all ionic compounds are solids at room temperature and have extremely high melting and boiling points.
E.g. MgF2 has a melting point of. 1261°C and a boiling point of 2239°C
The strong forces between the ions are difficult to break, which also explains why ionic compound crystals are hard. Ionic substances form massive ionic lattices with oppositely charged ions.
What are the characteristics of ionic compounds?Ionic compounds are made up of charged particles known as ions. It has a massive lattice structure with strong electrostatic attraction forces. Giant ionic lattices are regular structures found in ionic compounds.
In Chemistry, some examples of ionic compounds are:
Sodium chloride.Sodium oxide.Lithium chloride.Aluminum chloride.Potassium bromide.Learn more about ionic compounds:
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A pure liquid has a constant boiling point, but a liquid with a constant boiling point is not necessarily pure. Explain.
A pure liquid has a constant boiling point (at constant pressure). A change in boiling during distillation is an indication of impurity. The opposite, proposition, however, is not always true, and a constant boiling point does not necessarily mean that the liquid is pure.
This is because, at the boiling point, vapor and liquid are in equilibrium, and, if the composition of the vapor and liquid remains constant through the process, the temperature will also remain constant.
The boiling point can differ by location depending on pressure. Why does not a pure liquid in a distilling flask vaporize all at once whilst the boiling temperature is reached? Additional heat must be supplied for a phase change to occur.
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Which best describes the reducing agent in the reaction below? cl2(aq) 2br–(aq) right arrow. 2cl–(aq) br2(aq)
The [tex]Br^{-}[/tex] describes the reducing agent in the reaction below.
[tex]Cl_{2} (aq) + 2Br^{-} (aq)[/tex] → [tex]2Cl^{-}(aq) + Br_{2}( aq)[/tex]
Reducing agent is the species in which oxidation is takes place. Reducing agent is the species in which loss of electrons is takes place. In the above reaction bromine ion in left hand side of the reaction loss electron to become bromine atom. So, bromine ion is reducing agent.
Oxidizing agent is the species in which reduction is takes place. Oxidizing agent is the species in which gain of electrons is takes place. In the above reaction chlorine atom in right hand side of the reaction gain electron to become chlorine ion. So, chlorine atom is reducing agent.
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When 30.0 g of carbon is heated with silicon dioxide, 28.2 g of carbon monoxide is produced. What is the percent yield of carbon monoxide for this reaction? SiO₂(s) + 3C(s) SiC(s) + 2CO(g)
Answer: 60.5%
Explanation:
When 30.0 g of carbon is heated with silicon dioxide, 28.2 g of carbon monoxide is produced. 60.5% is the percent yield of carbon monoxide for this reaction.
The % ratio of the theoretical yield to the actual yield is known as the percent yield. It is calculated as the theoretical yield times by 100% divided by the experimental yield. The percent yield equals 100% if the theoretical and actual yields are equal.
SiO₂(s) + 3C(s)→ SiC(s) + 2CO(g)
moles of carbon =30.0 / 12=2.5moles
3 moles of carbon give 1 moles of SiC
1 mole of carbon will give 1/3 moles of SiC
2.5 mole of carbon will give (1/3)×2.5 =0.83 moles of SiC
mass of SiC = 0.83× 40.09=33.27
percent yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100%
percent yield= (28.2 / 33.27)x 100%
percent yield = 60.5%
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At a particular temperature, the solubility of He in water is 0.080 M when the partial pressure is 1.7 atm. What partial pressure (in atm) of He would give a solubility of 0.200 M
At a particular temperature, the solubility of He in water is 0.080 M when the partial pressure is 1.7 atm. 4.25 atm is the partial pressure of He would give a solubility of 0.200 M.
What is Henry's Law ?Henry's Law is a gas law states that at a constant temperature the amount of gas that dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas.
What is relationship between Henry's Law constant and Solubility ?The solubility of gas is directly proportional to partial pressure.
It is expressed as:
[tex]S_{\text{gas}} = K_{H} P_{\text{gas}}[/tex]
where,
[tex]S_{\text{gas}}[/tex] = Solubility of gas
[tex]K_{H}[/tex] = Henry's Law constant
[tex]P_{\text{gas}}[/tex] = Partial pressure of gas
Now put the values in above expression we get
[tex]S_{\text{gas}} = K_{H} P_{\text{gas}}[/tex]
0.080M = [tex]K_{H}[/tex] × 1.7 atm
[tex]K_{H} = \frac{0.080\ M}{1.7\ \text{atm}}[/tex]
= 0.047 M/atm
Now we have to find the partial pressure of He
[tex]S_{\text{gas}} = K_{H} P_{\text{gas}}[/tex]
0.200 M = 0.047 M/atm × [tex]P_{\text{gas}}[/tex]
[tex]P_{\text{gas}} = \frac{0.200 M}{0.047\ \text{M/atm}}[/tex]
= 4.25 atm
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that At a particular temperature, the solubility of He in water is 0.080 M when the partial pressure is 1.7 atm. 4.25 atm is the partial pressure of He would give a solubility of 0.200 M.
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Chemical A has a toxicity level of 1 and chemical B has a toxicity level of 2. If a mixture of the two chemicals has a toxicity level of 3, what can we say about the results of the mixture
If chemical A has a toxicity level of one and chemical B has a toxicity level of two and the mixture of these two chemicals has a toxicity level of three, it means that the mixture of these two chemicals form a synergistic mixture. This is condition is known as synergism.
A synergistic effect is exerted when a greater effect is exerted than the added effect of both the chemicals together. This is applicable for toxic chemicals as well as non-toxic chemicals. Synergism can be dangerous in the case of both toxicology or chemicals in general. The greater effect of toxic chemicals can result in a dangerous mixture, which could prove to have fatal effects in many cases. The opposite of synergistic effect is antagonistic effect. The antagonistic effect is the effect where the overall effect of these two chemicals would be less than the sum of the effects imparted by the individual chemicals.
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How many chlorine molecules are in 6.5 moles of chlorine?
Answer:
the number of chlorine molecules in 6.5 moles of chlorine is calculated as follows
by use of Avogadro constant that is 1mole = 6.02 x10^23 molecules
what about 6.5 moles
6.5 x ( 6.02x 10^23)= 3.913 x10^24
how do protons determine the identity of an atom
Explanation:
Proton is one of the subatomic particles which has a positive charge. The number of protons present will give the atomic number of the chemical element. Every element will have a unique atomic number. Thus, we can say that protons will determine the identity of an element.
The combination of sucrose, sucrase, and water produces sucrase, glucose, and fructose. Which component of the reaction is the substrate
Answer:
Sucrose to is the substrate of the reaction because is a simple sugar( disaccharide) which produce glucose and fructose in the presence of sucrase or when it is hydrolysed.
A volume measured by a graduated cylinder that was marked in 100 mL
increments would be reported to the nearest __________mL
The volume measured using such a cylinder will be reported to the nearest 10th mL.
Cylinder graduation10 mL graduated cylinders are always read to the nearest two decimal places.
100 mL graduated cylinders are always read to the nearest 1 decimal place. The nearest 1 decimal place is the same thing as the nearest 10th.
Thus, a reading made using a 100mL increment graduated cylinder would be reported to the nearest 10th mL.
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5. A 180 mL disinfectant solution contains 85 mL of isopropyl alcohol. Determine the V/V
concentration of this solution.
The % V/V concentration of a 180-mL disinfectant solution containing 85 mL of isopropyl alcohol is 47 % V/V.
What is the % V/V concentration?It refers to the milliliters of solute for every 100 milliliters of solution.
We have 180 mL of a disinfectant solution that contains 85 mL of isopropyl alcohol (solute).
The % V/V concentration of this solution is:
% V/V = (mL solute/mL solution) × 100% =
% V/V = (85 mL/180 mL) × 100% = 47% V/V
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Two trains, A and B are moving at a speed of 20 km per hour
and 30 km per hour respectively. Which type of energy do
these two trains have?
Answer:
[tex]\fbox {kinetic motion}[/tex]
Explanation:
As the trains are clearly in motion, we can understand the these trains possess kinetic energy, which is by virtue of a motion of a body.
Answer:
type of energy that two train have are kinetic energy
Ethanol is one of many toxic substances found in tobacco smoke.
a. True
b. False
The statement is False.
Ethanol is one of many toxic substances found in tobacco smoke.
Ethanol is used in the manufacture of drugs, plastics, lacquers, polishes, plasticizers, and cosmetics. Ethanol is utilized in remedy as a topical antiinfective, and as an antidote for ethylene glycol or methanol overdose.
Ethanol is a natural chemical compound. it's far simple alcohol with the chemical formula C₂H₆O. Its system can be additionally written as CH ₃−CH ₂−OH or C ₂H ₅OH and is frequently abbreviated as EtOH. Ethanol is a risky, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like smell and pungent taste.
Within the worst instances, there can also be respiratory problems, low blood strain, incontinence coronary heart troubles, blood troubles, liver damage, and loss of life. Ethanol can also dry out and worsen the skin; there may be aches, redness, and swelling. Eye publicity to ethanol also can purpose tearing, burning, and stinging.
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Blood alcohol concentration (bac) is defined as the ration of alcohol in the system to?
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is defined as the ratio of alcohol in the system to Blood in the system.
Blood/Breath Alcohol concentration (BAC) is the quantity of alcohol within the bloodstream or on one's breath. BAC is expressed because of the weight of ethanol, in grams, in 100 milliliters of blood, or 210 liters of breath. BAC can be measured with the aid of breath, blood, or urine exams.
Blood alcohol content material shows the percentage of alcohol that is in a person's bloodstream. BAC is crucial to prosecutors because they accept it as true with it displays how tons an individual is impaired via alcohol.
Human beings making their own alcoholic beverages regularly calculate the percentage of alcohol by way of extent by way of measuring their relative density with a hydrometer or their sugar content material with a refractometer.
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Assume that helium behaves as an ideal gas. what is the estimated density of 1.0 g of helium gas at a temperature of 27 °c and a pressure of 3.0 atm? (note: use r = 0.0821 l∙atm∙mol−1∙k−1)
The density of the helium gas is 0.487 g/L
Calculation,
According to Ideal gas equation,
PV = nRT ...(I)
The values of some terms are given as,
P is the pressure = 3 atm
V is the volume = ?
T is the temperature = 27°C = 27°C + 273 = 300 K
R is the universal gas constant = 0.0821 L∙atm∙mol−1∙K−1
n is the number of moles of helium = given mass of helium/molar mass of helium
n is the number of moles of helium = 1 g/ 4 g/mole = 0.25 mole
So, by putting the value of all data given in the equation (i) we get,
3 atm × V = 0.25 mol ×0.0821 L∙atm∙mol−1∙K−1×300 K
V = 0.25 mol ×0.0821 L∙atm∙mol−1∙K−1×300 K/3 atm
V = 2.05 L
The formula of density = given mass /volume = 1g/2.05 L = 0.487 g/L
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Which of the following atoms would be an ion?
A. An atom with 11 protons and 9 electrons.
B. An atom with 5 protons and 5 electrons.
C. None of these
D. An atom with 8 protons and 8 neutrons.
Considering the definition of ion, an atom with 11 protons and 9 electrons (option A) is an ion since the number of electrons is less than the number of protons, acquiring a positive charge.
What is an ionAn ion is an electrically charged particle that is made up of an atom or molecule that is not electrically neutral, that is, that in its constitution has gained or lost electrons.
In other words, an ion is a molecule or atom that has a positive or negative electrical charge. That is, an ion is an atom whose electrical charge is not neutral.
On the other hand, an atom is made up of a nucleus made up of protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutrally charged), around which electrons (negatively charged) orbit.
An atom has as many protons as electrons, so the total charge is zero and it is globally neutral.
The loss or gain of electrons allows the atom to acquire an electrical charge, transforming itself into an ion. If the electrical charge is positive, it is called a cation; if it is negative, it is called an anion.
SummaryAn atom with 11 protons and 9 electrons (option A) is an ion since the number of electrons is less than the number of protons, acquiring a positive charge.
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A certain radioactive isotope has a half life of one hour. I you start with 1.0 g of the material at 1:00 P. M., how many grams will be present at 2:00 P. M. on the same day
A certain radioactive isotope has a half life of one hour. I you start with 1.0 g of the material at 1:00 P. M. 0.5 grams will be present at 2:00 P.M. on the same day.
What is half Life ?Half life is the amount of time required to reduce to one half of its initial value. The symbol of half life is [tex]t_{1/2}[/tex].
How to calculate the quantity remaining when half life given ?It is expressed as:
[tex]N_{t} = N_{0} (\frac{1}{2})^{n}[/tex]
where,
N(t) = quantity remaining
N₀ = initial quantity
n = half life that have passed
Now put the values in above expression we get
[tex]N_{t} = 1.0\ g \times (\frac{1}{2})^{1}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{1}{2} g[/tex]
= 0.5 gram
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A certain radioactive isotope has a half life of one hour. I you start with 1.0 g of the material at 1:00 P. M. 0.5 grams will be present at 2:00 P.M. on the same day.
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Predict the mass (in grams) of precipitate that will form if a solution containing 2. 34 g of cesium hydroxide is added to a solution containing a large excess of tiso4?
The mass (in grams) of precipitate is 0.6386 gram.
Calculation,
To find the mass of precipitate, first we have to find the precipitate. So, the chemical reaction when cesium hydroxide react to large excess of [tex]TiSO_{4}[/tex].
Mole of cesium hydroxide = given mass/molar mass = 2.34 gm/ 149.912 g/mol= 0.0156 moles
[tex]2CsOH+TiSO_{4}[/tex]→[tex]Ti(OH)_{2} +Cs_{2} SO_{4}[/tex]
So, mole ratio 2: 1
It means two moles of cesium hydroxide required to form one mole of titanium hydroxide.
To produce 0.0156 moles of cesium hydroxide = 0.0156 moles×1 mole/2
Mole of titanium hydroxide = 0.0078 mole
Mole of titanium hydroxide = given mass/molar mass of titanium hydroxide
Mole of titanium hydroxide = given mass/81.82 g/mol = 0.0078 mole
Mass of titanium hydroxide = 0.0078 mole ×81.88 g/mol = 0.6387 gm
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11.A student titrated a diprotic weak acid (H2A) with 0.100 M NaOH. The titration required 22.58 mL of NaOH solution to reach the equivalence point. How many moles of diprotic acid were present
Moles of diprotic acid present were:
A mole of diprotic acid contains 0.0023 moles [tex]H_{2}A[/tex].
Law of dilution:
Titrations are conducted using the law of dilution.
The number of moles of solute divided by the arrangement's volume in liters is known as molarity.
The number of moles per liter of solution is referred to as molarity. Additionally, we write it as M. Furthermore, we employ the following equation to determine molarity:
Molarity = moles of solute/liter of solution.
Calculation:
Moles of acid = moles of base
n = M/V
Moles of [tex]H_{2}A[/tex] = Moles of NaOH used
Therefore, 0.100 x 0.02258L = 0.0023 mol [tex]H_{2}A[/tex]
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Select the correct answer.
Given:
2AI + 6HCI-2AlCl3 + 3H2
If the chemical reaction produces 129 grams of AlCl3, how many grams of H₂ are also produced?
OA 1.22
OB. 2.92
OC. 3.02
OD. 3.65
Answer:
B.) 2.92
Explanation:
Tp find the mass of H₂ produced, you need to (1) convert grams AlCl₃ to moles AlCl₃ (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles AlCl₃ to moles H₂ (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), and then (3) convert moles H₂ to grams H₂ (via molar mass). It is important to arrange the ratios/conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.
Molar Mass (AlCl₃): 26.982 g/mol + 3(35.453 g/mol)
Molar Mass (AlCl₃): 133.341 g/mol
2 Al + 6 HCl ---> 2 AlCl₃ + 3 H₂
Molar Mass (H₂): 2(1.008 g/mol)
Molar Mass (H₂): 2.016 g/mol
129 g AlCl₃ 1 mole 3 moles H₂ 2.016 g
------------------ x ------------------ x --------------------- x --------------- =
133.341 g 2 moles AlCl₃ 1 mole
= 2.93 g H₂
*our answers are most likely different due to using slightly different molar masses
Explain why increasing extracellular k reduces the net diffusion of k out of the neuron through the k leak channels
This because the concentration gradient does not favor diffusion of potassium ions through the K leak channels.
What is diffusion?Diffusion is the movement of molecules of substances from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration.
Diffusion of ions through the cell membrane takes places through leak channels due to concentration gradient.
The diffusion of potassium ions in and out of the cell depends on the extracellular concentration of potassium ions.
When extracellular concentration of potassium ions increases, it reduces the net diffusion of K out of the neuron through the k leak channels because the concentration gradient does not favor outward movement of potassium ions.
In conclusion, the diffusion of potassium ions through K leak channels depends on concentration gradient.
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which of these attacking reagent is an electrophile 1:HNO3 2:Nh3 3:Br- 4: H+
The attacking reagent which is an electrophile is H+; option D.
What are electrophiles?Electrophiles are electron-loving reagents which attack and attach to electron-rich reagents.
Electrophiles usually are positively charged reagents.
Therefore, the attacking reagent which is an electrophile is H+.
In conclusion, electrophiles are electron-loving reagents.
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C6 h12o6 6o2 adp pi 6co2 6 h2o molecule a heat the molecule referred to as ""molecule a"" in the equation above is:_________
a. atp.
b. nadph.
c. nadh.
d. adp.
The "molecule a" referred to ATP in the equation.
So, option A is correct one.
The equation is given as,
[tex]C_{6} H_{12} O_{6}+ 6O_{2}[/tex] → [tex]6CO_{2}+ 6H_{2}O + ATP[/tex]
The above equation indicates the respiration activities in the plants.
The aerobic respiration takes place in the Mitochondria and which requires oxygen and glucose and produces carbon dioxide , water and energy.
The energy is in the form of ATP. The pull form of ATP is adenosine triphosphate. The ATP is also called energy carrier because it found in the cells of the all living organism and this molecule carries energy.
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What mass of oxygen gas (o2) should occupy a 25. 0 l container when the pressure is 665 torr and the temperature is 55. 0ºc?
The mass of oxygen gas is 26.0 g.
Given,
Volume (V) = 25.0 L
665
Pressure (P) = 665 torr =
760 atm = 0.875 atm
Temperature (T) = 55 C = (55+2730) K = 328 K
Now using the Ideal gas law, calculate the mole of oxygen gas (02)
PV = nRT
atm . L
0.875 atm x 25.0 L = n x 0.082-
X 328K
mole . K
n = 0.813 mole
Using the molar mass of Oz = 32.0 g/mole, Calculate the mass of Oz
mass = 0.813 mole x 32.0 mole
mass = 26.016 g
mass = 26.0 g
The answer is 26.0 g.
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121) The sugar sucrose has 12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms and 11 oxygen
atoms. How would this be written?
A) Co12H22O1
B) CI2H22011
C) C6H1206
D) CacH1206
122) How are the elements organized on the periodic table?
A) Atomic Mass
B) Element Name
C) Symbol
D) No Set Organization
123) Which of the following elements would be considered a compound?
A) CH
B) Si
C)F
D) O6
124) The formula for water is H2O meaning there are 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1
Oxygen. What is the atomic mass of one molecule to the nearest hundredth?
A) 15.99
B) 16.99
C) 17.99
D) 18.99
Answer:
Explanation:
121) The sugar sucrose has 12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms and 11 oxygen
atoms. How would this be written?
A) Co12H22O1 [Co is cobalt]
B) CI2H22011 [Yes]
C) C6H1206 [6 C atoms]
D) CacH1206 [Ca is calcium]
122) How are the elements organized on the periodic table?
A) Atomic Mass [Yes, from lightest to heaviest]
B) Element Name
C) Symbol
D) No Set Organization
123) Which of the following elements would be considered a compound?
A) CH [Yes, two or more elements combined]
B) Si [No]
C)F [No]
D) O6 [No, multiple atoms, but same element]
124) The formula for water is H2O meaning there are 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1
Oxygen. What is the atomic mass of one molecule to the nearest hundredth?
A) 15.99
B) 16.99
C) 17.99 [Yes, 16 + 2*1 = 18]
D) 18.99
6. M = mol solute
L solution
Rewrite this expression for L solution.
Answer:
L = mol solute / M
Explanation:
To rewrite the equation for liters (L), you need to:
M = mol solute / L <----- Given equation
M x L = mol solute <----- Multiply both sides by L
L = mol solute / M <----- Divide both sides by M
(REALLLY NEED HELP) What takes extra electrical current from a wire or appliance and prevents it from going somewhere dangerous?
a ground
a resistor
a loopback
a current
Answer:
A resistor resists extra electric current.
In Keq expressions, "[]" represents of reactants and products.
a)concentration
b)temperature
c)moles
d)mass
Answer: concentration
Explanation:
This is a fact.
A helium balloon has a volume of 2600 cm 3 when the temperature is 21°C. What is the
volume of the balloon when it's placed in a freezer with a temperature of -15°C?
Answer:
2,282 cm³
Explanation:
If all other variables are being held constant, you can find the new volume of the balloon using the Charles' Law equation. The equation looks like this:
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂
In this equation, "V₁" and "T₁" represent the initial volume and temperature. "V₂" and "T₂" represent the final volume and temperature. Before you can solve for the new volume, you need to convert Celsius to Kelvin (negative values do not work in this equation). This can be done by adding 273.15 to each temperature.
V₁ = 2600 cm³ V₂ = ? cm³
T₁ = 21 °C + 273.15 = 294.15 K T₂ = -15 °C + 273.15 = 258.15 K
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂ <----- Charles' Law
(2600 cm³) / (294.15 K) = V₂ / (258.15 K) <----- Insert values
8.839 = V₂ / (258.15 K) <----- Simplify left side
2282 = V₂ <----- Multiply both sides by 258.15