Answer:
Hydrogen bonding
Explanation:
Hydrogen bonding is the strongest intermolecular force in water, giving water many of its characteristics and acting to pull water molecules closer to each other.
I hope this helps!
Give the formula and charge of the oxoanion in each of the following compounds: potassium sulfite sodium perchlorate lithium phosphite magnesium hypochlorite
a) KSO4 charge on SO4-2 - Potassium sulfite
b) NaClO4 charge on ClO4 - Sodium perchlorate
c) LiPO3 charge on PO4-3 - Lithium phosphate
d) MgClO charge on ClO- - Magnesium hypochlorite
What is chemical formula?Using chemical element symbols, numbers, and occasionally other symbols like parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas, and plus and minus signs, a chemical formula in chemistry is a way of expressing information about the chemical proportions of atoms that make up a specific chemical compound or molecule. An element's number of atoms in the compound's smallest unit, whether it be a molecule or a formula unit, are listed in a chemical formula, along with the compound's constituent elements. Given a chemical formula, we can name simple compounds by using knowledge of the names of the elements and a few fundamental principles. A compound's constituent elements and their relative quantities are listed in a chemical formula.To learn more about chemical formula, refer to:
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Label each of the atomic and molecular orbitals shown below where there is 2s-2p mixing. O 2s O 2p O sigma_2s O sigma_2s^* O sigma_ 2p O sigma_2p^* O pi_2p O pi_2p^*
Atomic orbitals and molecular orbitals are mathematical functions that describe the behavior of electrons in atoms and molecules, respectively. the attachment 1 below describes the labelling of the atomic and molecular orbitals shown below where there is 2s-2p mixing.
Atomic orbitals are the solutions of the Schrödinger equation for the electron in an isolated atom. They are characterized by the principal quantum number (n), the angular momentum quantum number (l) and the magnetic quantum number (m). Each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons, one with a spin of +1/2 and the other with a spin of -1/2.Molecular orbitals, on the other hand, are the solutions of the Schrödinger equation for the electrons in a molecule
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the complete question is :
Label each of the atomic and molecular orbitals shown below where there is 2s-2p mixing. O 2s O 2p O sigma_2s O sigma_2s^* O sigma_ 2p O sigma_2p^* O pi_2p O pi_2p^*
Which of the following elements would have six electrons in its valence enegy level?
Oxygen is in group 6 and has 6 valence electrons.
What is meant by electrons?
Due to their lack of components or substructure, electrons, which are part of the lepton particle family's first generation, are typically regarded to be elementary particles.Since electrons are fermions, the Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons may be in the same quantum state.Since they can collide with other particles and can be diffracted like light, electrons, like all primary particles, display both wave and particle characteristics. Because electrons have a lower mass and a longer de Broglie wavelength for a given energy, their wave properties are simpler to observe experimentally than those of other particles like neutrons and protons.To learn more about electrons refer to
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why do the electron configurations in question 5 all end with the same sublevel notation
since they are all in group 1A, electron configurations with the same sublevel designation (alkali metals). Each one has a valence electron that is positioned in a S orbital.
How do electrons work?The electron is a subatomic particle with a basic electric charge of -1. Electrons are often thought of as elementary particles since they belong to the first generation of lepton particles, having no known components, or substructure.
An atom may have an electron linked to it or be without one. An electron is a subatomic particle that has a negative charge (not bound).
Protons, neutrons, and electrons make up the atom's nucleus. The electron is the smallest atom-forming particle and a carrier of a negative charge.
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An experimental plot of ln(Pvap) vs. 1/T is obtained in lab for an unknown liquid. The slope of the best-fit line for the graph is -3840 K. What is the enthalpy of vaporization for the liquid in kJ/mol?
The enthalpy of vaporization of the unknown liquid is -31.9 kJ/mol.
What is the enthalpy of vaporization?We know that vaporization is the process that occur when there is a change from liquid to gas of a material at the boiling point of the substance . We must also note that the boiling point of the substance is the atmospheric temperature which is 1 atm.
Thus;
lnP = -ΔHvap/R * 1/T
We know that;
P = atmospheric pressure
R = gas constant
T = temperature
Hence;
ln(1) = -ΔHvap/8.314 * 1/ -3840
-3840 * 8.314 = -ΔHvap
= -31.9 kJ/mol
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What is the RMS velocity (in m/s) of Kr gas at 387 K?
The root mean square velocity or RMS velocity of krypton gas (A = 83.8 g) at 387 K is 341 m/s.
What is RMS velocity?According to kinetic theory of gases, the root mean square velocity of a gas is related with the temperature in K, universal gas constant R and mass of the gas M as follows:
u = √3RT/M
Given the temperature T = 387 K
atomic mass of Kr = 83.8 g = 0.083 Kg
R = 8.314
Then rms velocity = √(3 × 8.314 Kgm²/s²/K mol × 387 K)/ 0.083 Kg
= 341 m/s
Therefore, the RMS velocity of krypton gas at 387 K is 341 m/s.
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In terms of binding energy per nucleon, what element divides fission and fusion processes? He U Fe C H
In terms of binding energy per nucleon, Fe element divides fission and fusion processes.
What is binding energy per nucleon?The bare minimal amount of energy needed to separate an atom's nucleus into its component protons and neutrons—collectively referred to as nucleons—is known as the nuclear binding energy in experimental physics. The binding energy is the quantity of energy produced when a nucleus forms. The term "binding energy per nucleon" refers to the typical amount of energy needed to remove a nucleon from a nucleus. It is possible to quantify the forces holding the nucleons together using this energy. In order for the nucleus to split into individual nucleons, energy must be replenished from the outside environment. For instance, a deuterium atom has a mass defect of 0.0023884 Da and a binding energy that is almost 2.23 MeV.
The complete question is,
In terms of binding energy per nucleon, what element divides fission and fusion processes?
A) H
B) He
C) C
D) Fe
E) U
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Which of the following species contain a C4 axis and a σh plane? Choose all that apply.
O [PO4]3-
O [BrCl4]–
O SiCl4
O GeBr4
O XeF4
[BrCl4]–
of the following species contain a C4 axis and a σh plane.
What kind of organism has a threefold C3 rotation axis?Ammonia is a member of the symmetry group C3v, which is distinguished by a three-fold axis and three vertical symmetry planes. Figure 11.1 shows the ammonia molecule from two angles. Thus, all six combinations of the three hydrogen atoms have been considered.
The major C6 axis of benzoene encompasses the S6 and S3 axes. Six C2 axes run parallel to the C6 axis. A h, three v, three d, and an inversion center are present. Benzene belongs to the D6h point group as a result.
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Select the ester that could be used to make 4,6-decanedione by acylation of 2-pentanone. A Ethyl hexanoate. B Ethyl ethanoate. C Ethyl butanoate. Ethylpropanoate. E Ethyl pentanoate.
By acylating 2-pentanone, ethyl pentanoate serves as the ester that produces 4,6-nonanedione. Acylation is the process of replacing a hydroxyl group in a molecule with an acyl group.
In plain English, what is ester?Any of a group of organic molecules known as esters can react with water to create alcohols and organic or inorganic acids. The most prevalent esters are those made from carboxylic acids. Leopold Gmelin, a German scientist, coined the word "ester" in the first part of the 19th century.
What is the purpose of ester?These and other hazardous esters with unique odors are employed in synthetic tastes, perfumes, and cosmetics. For coatings, paints, and varnishes, some volatile esters, particularly large volumes of ethyl acetate
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If the number of protons of an atom is always equal to the number of electrons and the core of an atom includes the nucleus and all layers of electrons that are not the valence layer. What is the number of electrons in the core of a ground state bromine atom?
The atomic number of bromine is 35. Thus the total number of electrons is 35. The number of core electrons is 28.
What is bromine ?Bromine is 35th element in periodic table. It is a nonmetal and is placed in the 17th group called halogen group. Bromine relatively electronegative in nature and form ionic compounds.
The atomic number of an atom is the number of its total electrons in the neutral state. The electrons which are occupied in the higher energy levels that is in the outer orbitals far from the nucleus is called valence electrons. All other electrons are called inner electrons or core electrons.
Bromine contains total 35 electrons. Out of which 7 are valence electrons. Thus, the number of core electrons in the ground state of bromine is 35 -7 = 28 electrons.
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Q1.This question is about copper.
Please help with a!!!
As the percentage of impurities increases, the ability of conduction of conductivity decreases.
What is conduction?Conduction is defined as a process as a means of which heat is transferred from the hotter end of the body to it's cooler end.Heat flows spontaneously from a body which is hot to a body which is cold.
In the process of conduction,heat flow is within the body and through itself.In solids the conduction of heat is due to the vibrations and collisions of molecules while in liquids and gases it is due to the random motion of the molecules .
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Identify the principal type of energy (kinetic or potential) exhibited by each of the following.
O A car parked on a hill. O A car traveling at 60 miles per hour. O Chemical energy O A falling rock O Compressed air in a tank netic
The energy that an object has stored due to its position is known as potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy that a moving thing has as a result of its motion.
The energy that a body has as a result of its position or state is known as potential energy. Potential energy is fully independent of its environment, as contrast to kinetic energy, which is relative to the state of other things in its environment. So a car parked on a hill merely demonstrates potential energy, whereas a car moving at 60 mph demonstrates kinetic energy. As it descends from a certain height at a specific speed, a rock exhibits both potential energy and kinetic energy. A tank of compressed air demonstrates potential energy. Chemical energy is therefore seen as a type of potential energy because it is stored in chemical bonds.
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The volume of 1 drop of medicine is 1.77 mL.what is the volume in deciliters of 100 drops of medicine? Write your answer as a decimal
The volume in deciliters of 100 drops of medicine is calculated as 1.77 deciliter.
What do you understand by the term deciliter?Deciliter is a metric unit of capacity which is equal to ¹/₁₀ liter.
Some medical tests report result in grams (g) per deciliter (dL). Gram is equal to the weight of one milliliter or 16 drops of water which is around 1/30 of an ounce. Deciliter measures fluid volume equal to 1/10 of liter. A liter is a little bigger than quart of a fluid.
Given 1drop of medicine =1.77 ml
So, 100drops=177 ml
As, 1ml=0.01 dl
Hence, 177 ml=1.77 deciliter.
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Which of the following aqueous solutions has the highest molar concentration of Na+ (aq)? (Assume each compound is fully dissolved in water:) Ier All of these solutions have the same concentration of Na+ (aq) A. 6.0M NaCl (sodium chloride) B. 6.OM NaC2H302 (sodium acetate) C. 2.OM Na3PO4 (sodium phosphate) D. ed 3.OM Na2SO4 (sodium sulfate)
The amount of sodium+ in each of these solutions is the same (aq), with the maximum molar concentration of Na+ occurring in the aqueous solutions.
supposing that every substance in the water has completely dissolved The quantity of a solute present in a solution expressed as a molar concentration. These are the units: mol/L, mol/dm 3, or mol/m 3. The unit M, or molar, can be used to denote molar concentration, also referred to as molarity. The Latin name for sodium is natrium, and it has the chemical elemental number 11 and the symbol Na. It is an extremely reactive, delicate, silvery-white metal. The periodic table's group 1 designates sodium as an alkali metal. Na is its sole stable isotope. Natural occurrences of the free metal don't exist.
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If your front lawn is 19.0
feet wide and 20.0
feet long, and each square foot of lawn accumulates 1050
new snowflakes every minute, how much snow, in kilograms, accumulates on your lawn per hour? Assume an average snowflake has a mass of 1.50 mg.
The mass of snow in kilograms that accumulates on your lawn per hour is 35.91 kg.
What is the area or the lawn?The area of the lawn is determined as follows:
Area of the lawn = length * breadth
Area of the lawn = l20 * 19 square feet
Area of the lawn = 380 square feet
Mass of an average snowflake = 1.50 mg
Total number of snowflakes that the lawn accumulates per hour = 1050 * 380 * 60
Total number of snowflakes that the lawn accumulates = 23940000 snowflakes
Total mass in kilograms of that the lawn accumulates per hour = 23940000 * 1.50 mg * 1 mg / 1000000 kg
Total mass in kilograms of that the lawn accumulates = 35.91 kg
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a large doublet and a small septet pattern in 1h nmr is usually indicative of a(n)
Isopropyl group is a large doublet and a small septet pattern in 1h nmr is usually indicative of a(n)
In organic chemistry, an isopropyl group is a functional group composed of a propane molecule with the middle carbon atom replaced by a hydroxy group (-OH). The chemical formula "-C(CH3)3" or "-(CH3)2CH-" is commonly used to represent it. Isopropyl groups can be found in a wide range of compounds, such as alcohols, esters, and ethers. Isopropyl alcohol, also known as isopropanol, rubbing alcohol, or IPA, is a type of organic compound classified as a secondary alcohol. Secondary alcohols are compounds that contain a secondary alcohol functional group and have the general formula HOC(R)(R') (R, R'=alkyl, aryl).
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Describe how ionic compounds form? Make sure to include what happens to the valence electrons. Which way does the electron travel? How do we determine the number of electrons that are transferred? And what holds them together?
Ionic compounds form through the transfer of electrons between atoms. In order for an ionic compound to form, one atom must give up one or more of its valence electrons, while another atom must gain one or more electrons to fill its valence shell.
The transfer of electrons occurs from the atom with the lower ionization energy to the atom with the higher electron affinity. This means that the electron is transferred from the element that is in the lower position in the periodic table and is more likely to lose an electron, to the element that is in the higher position in the periodic table and is more likely to gain an electron.The number of electrons transferred is determined by the difference in the number of electrons needed to fill the valence shells of the two atoms. For example, if one atom has two valence electrons and another atom has six valence electrons, then four electrons would need to be transferred in order for the two atoms to fill their valence shells and form an ionic compound.Once the electrons have been transferred, the resulting ions are held together by the electrostatic force of attraction between the positively charged ions and negatively charged ions. This creates a strong bond between the ions, forming a stable compound.What are ionic compounds?Ionic compounds are formed when one atom loses one or more electrons and another atom gains the same number of electrons. The atom that loses electrons is called a cation, and the atom that gains electrons is called an anion.
The cation and anion are attracted to each other by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges, resulting in the formation of a stable compound.
Ionic compounds can be formed by both metals and nonmetals, but typically occur between a metal and a nonmetal. Metals tend to lose electrons easily and form cations, while nonmetals tend to gain electrons easily and form anions. The electron transfer process is driven by the desire of both atoms to fill their valence shells and achieve a stable electron configuration.
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what product is formed when the following compound is treated with na2cr2o7, h2so4, h2o?
In the last we can say that when phenol is oxidised to sodium dichromate in acidified solution, it will form benzoquinone.
What does Na2Cr2O7 do to an h2o?Primary alcohols can be oxidised into either aldehydes or carboxylic acids depending on the reagent. While PCC with CH2Cl2 stops at the aldehyde, Jones reagent (CrO3 with H3O+) and Na2Cr2O7 with H2SO4 oxidise primary alcohols all the way to carboxylic acids.
Alcohols in the tertiary stage won't oxidise. In addition to CrO3, sodium dichromate and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) are other frequently utilised oxidising agents (Na2Cr2O7). Any of these chemicals can be used to oxidise primary alcohols to produce carboxylic acids and secondary alcohols to produce ketones.
Every time an oxidation or reduction reaction takes place, a corresponding reduction reaction must also occur. In a reaction, a molecule must also be being reduced in order for an alcohol to be oxidised.
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Question 6 (17 points)
Find the number of moles in 508 g of ethanol (C₂H6O).
Answer:
11.043 moles
Explanation:
In order to calculate the moles, we first need to find the molar mass of the compound.Therefore:
Mr of C[tex]_{2} }[/tex]H[tex]_{6}[/tex]O = (12 x 2) + (1 x 6) + 16
= 46 g
Now to calculate the moles we use the formula : given mass/molar massTherefore we get: 508/46 = 11.043 moles
Which of the following species contributes more to the overall hybrid for the species in the box? a) I b) II с) I d) IV e) The one in the box. - Z:
option c 1 contributes more to the overall hybrid for the species in the box among the given boxes
It is because the negative charge must be on the most electronegative element for the resonance structure to be most stable and hence to make more contribution to the hybrid structure. IV is incorrect because look at the lower carbon atom which is bonded to nitrogen. In the original structure it has only two visible bonds that means it is also bonded to two hydrogen atoms. But in IV it has three visible bonds which means only one hydrogen atom. So it is not a correct resonance structure at all.
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The complete question is
Which of the following species contributes more to the overall hybrid for the species in the box? a) I b) II с) I d) IV e) The one in the box. - Z:
which of the following statements identifies why this formula–name combination is wrong?
A. SO42- should be named sulfate, not sulfite.
B. Mg should be named magnesium, not manganese.
C. Mg is a group 2A metal, thus no Roman numeral should be used.
D. All of the statements identify why the formula-name is wrong.
Option D , All of the statements identify why the formula name is wrong.
SO42 named as Sulfate ,not sulphite because Sulphate is an chemical compound that consists one Sulphur atom with four Oxygen atom surrounding it . Mg named as Magnesium not Manganese .Magnesium is a chemical element atomic number 12 and its place value in periodic table is Group IIA while Mn(Manganese )have its own place value and its is located in the d block of modern periodic tablr. Magnesium is an Alkaline earth metal with only one possible charge so no Roman numeral value is needed for it .
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Consider the following reaction:
NO+O3?NO2+O2,rate= k[NO][O3]
Part A
What is the overall reaction order?
The overall reaction order is simply the sum of orders for each reactant. For the example rate law here, the reaction is third order overall (1 + 2 = 3).
What is the overall order of the reaction given the rate law?The concentrations of reactants frequently influence a reaction's rate, as was discussed in the preceding lesson. The link between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants is expressed mathematically by rate laws, often known as differential rate laws or rate equations. Take the chemical equation's description of the reaction as an example.
aA+bB⟶products
rate is equal to k[A]m[B]n, where [A] and [B] are the reactant molar concentrations and k is the reaction's rate constant, which varies depending on the reaction's temperature. The reaction orders' exponents, m and n, are normally positive integers, however they can also be fractions.
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A 0.10 M HF solution is 8.4% ionized. Calculate the H+ ion concentration.
The H+ ions concentration in a 0.10 M HF solution that is 8.4% ionized is 0.0084 M.
Describe ionization of hydrofluoric acid (HF).The ionization of a weak acid, such as hydrofluoric acid (HF), can be described by the following equilibrium:
HF(aq) <=> H+(aq) + F-(aq)
The equilibrium constant for this reaction is known as the acid dissociation constant (KA) and can be used to calculate the H+ ion concentration in a solution of a weak acid.
The percent ionization of a weak acid is defined as the ratio of the concentration of H+ ions at equilibrium to the initial concentration of the acid, multiplied by 100.
In this case, the percent ionization of the 0.10 M HF solution is 8.4%. Therefore:
(H+ ion concentration at equilibrium/initial concentration of HF) * 100 = 8.4%
Hence, the H+ ion concentration at equilibrium is (8.4/100) * 0.10 M = 0.0084 M
So, the H+ ion concentration in a 0.10 M HF solution that is 8.4% ionized is 0.0084 M.
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at which temperature does sf6 (boiling point 16°c at 1 atm) behave most ideally?
The optimal behavior of SF6 is achieved at a higher boiling point of 150C.
What factors determine the temperature?Temperature is a unit used to represent how hot or cold something is. It can be stated using the Celsius or Fahrenheit scales, among others. Temperature shows which way heat energy will naturally flow, i.e., from a hotter (body with a higher temperature) to a colder (body with a lower temperature) (one at a lower temperature).
What is the chemistry equivalent of writing temperature?Instead of using the written word to indicate temperature measurements, the ° symbol is typically used instead, with a space coming after the number but not before the temperature scale: To achieve 80 °C, the sample was heated.
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If methyl alcohol boils at 84 %H, what is its boiling point on the Jekyll scale? Express your answer using two significant figures
Methyl alcohol boils at 84 %H, the boiling point of methyl alcohol on the Jekyll scale is -188 %H.
The Jekyll scale is a temperature scale used to express the boiling points of liquids in terms of the percentage of sulfuric acid required to lower the boiling point of the liquid to that of water.
To convert from the boiling point in degrees Celsius to the Jekyll scale, we use the following formula:
= %H
= (100 - 4.6 * (boiling point in °C - 20))
So to convert 84 °C to the Jekyll scale, we can substitute into the above formula:
= %H
= (100 - 4.6 * (84 - 20))
= (100 - 4.6 * 64)
= (100 - 288)
= -188%H
So, the boiling point of methyl alcohol on the Jekyll scale is -188 %H.
It's worth noting that the Jekyll scale is rarely used today, and it's mostly used in historical context.
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What alkene is the major product formed from the following alkyl halide in an E1 reaction?
Alkenes are a group of unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between carbon atoms that are pure carbon and hydrogen based.
What is alkene?Alkenes are a group of unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between carbon atoms that are pure carbon and hydrogen based. Olefins is another name used to denote alkenes. The double bond in alkenes makes them more reactive than alkanes. A hydrocarbon with a carbon-carbon double bond is known as an alkene in organic chemistry. Any hydrocarbon with one or more double bonds is referred to as an alkene, which is frequently used as a synonym for an olefin. The distinction between internal and terminal monoalkenes is made in general.The 2-step elimination reaction, referred to as the E1 reaction, involves the creation of a carbocation as an intermediate step. The system expels a proton and a leaving group. In this instance, the rate is only influenced by the substrate. In compounds when more substituted alkenes are produced, the primary product will be taken into consideration.More +I impact will be visible from them as the number of substituted alkyl groups increases. The product generated becomes more stable as a result.As a result, the primary product generated in an E1 reaction is:To learn more about alkene refer to:
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What are the major product(s) formed by treating 1,2-dimethyl cyclopentene with Br2?
The major product(s) formed by treating 1,2-dimethyl cyclopentene with Br₂ reaction is attached below.
Dimethyl cyclopentane: what is it?Cycloalkanes include 1,2-dimethylcyclopentane.The liquid cyclopentene has no color. Water insoluble and less dense than water.
The chemical compound cyclopentene has the formula (CH2)3(CH)2. It has an odour similar to that of gasoline and is colourless. Since it has few uses, gasoline typically contains concentrations of less than 1% of it, making it a minor component. One of the main cycloalkenes is it.
The polyurethane foams used to insulate refrigerators and freezers use cyclopentane as a blowing agent. Cyclopentane does not contain hydro-fluorocarbons, in contrast to some other materials used to insulate refrigerators (HFCs). Equivalent CO2 emissions are significantly reduced when cyclopentane is used.
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Which of the following statements is least likely to be true of a sample of nitrogen gas at STP?
Nitrogen molecules interact with one another through strong forces.
Why are they known as intermolecular forces?Individual molecules of a material interact with one another through the mediation of these forces. Most of the physical and chemical features of matter are caused by intermolecular forces. The phrase "intermolecular forces" refers to the forces that exist between the molecules themselves.
Intermolecular force is the attraction between two atoms or molecules that causes them to join together to create a molecule or other substance. In essence, it has a beautiful nature. It also affects atoms and ions.
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Lysine is a compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. when 1.50 g of lysine is burned, 2.72 g of carbon dioxide, 1.29 g of water and 0.287 g of nitrogen gas are produced. what is the empirical formula?
The empirical formula of a compound can be determined by analyzing the mass percentages of its various elements and expressing them as the smallest whole number ratio. To find the empirical formula of lysine, we first need to determine the number of moles of each element present in 1.50 g of lysine. We can then use these values to calculate the mole ratios of the elements, which will be the same as the ratio of the subscripts in the empirical formula.
By knowing the mass of produced CO2 and H2O we can calculate how many moles of C and H are present in 1.50 g of lysine
mass of C = 2.72 g CO2 x (1 mol CO2 / 44.01 g CO2) = 0.062 moles
moles of H = 1.29 g H2O x (2 moles H / 18.02 g H2O) = 0.072 moles
Then, by knowing that lysine also produced 0.287 g of N. We can calculate the number of moles of N
moles of N = 0.287 g N x (1 mole N / 28.02 g N) = 0.0102 moles
We can now find the ratio of the elements by dividing each by the smallest number of moles which is 0.0102 moles.
C:H:N = 0.062 moles / 0.0102 moles = 6:1:1
So the empirical formula of lysine is C6H14N2
why is the melting point of toluene only -95°c, whereas that of benzene is 5°c?
The primary difference between toluene and benzene is the presence of a methyl group (-CH3) on one of the carbon atoms in toluene.
What is benzene?Benzene is an organic compound and an aromatic hydrocarbon composed of six carbon atoms joined in a ring, with one hydrogen atom attached to each. It is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell. It is a naturally occurring component of crude oil, and it is one of the most important industrially-produced chemicals in the world.
This methyl group increases the size of the molecule and its ability to interact with other molecules. This increased interaction between molecules causes toluene to have a higher boiling point and melting point than benzene.
The melting point of toluene is -95°C, whereas the melting point of benzene is 5°C. This difference is due to the increased ability of the toluene molecule to interact with other molecules. When toluene is heated, the increased interactions between molecules cause them to move more quickly, leading to a higher melting point than benzene.
Additionally, the presence of the methyl group on the toluene molecule increases the shape of the molecule, making it less symmetrical than benzene. This asymmetry can also affect the strength of the intermolecular forces, leading to a higher melting point.
Overall, the difference in melting points between toluene and benzene can be attributed to the increased size and shape of the toluene molecule, as well as its increased ability to interact with other molecules.
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