What were the roles of the
French, British, First
Nations and Metis people in
the fur trade?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The fur trade was a vast commercial enterprise across the wild, forested expanse of what is now Canada. It was at its peak for nearly 250 years, from the early 17th to the mid-19th centuries. It was sustained primarily by the trapping of beavers to satisfy the European demand for felt hats. The intensely competitive trade opened the continent to exploration and settlement. It financed missionary work, established social, economic and colonial relationships between Europeans and Indigenous people, and played a formative role in the creation and development of Canada.

(This is the full-length entry about the fur trade. For a plain-language summary, please see Fur Trade in Canada (Plain Language Summary).)

Beaver

Beaver

(© Mirage3/Dreamstime)

Fishing, Furs and Christianity: Early Euro-Indigenous Relations (1608–63)

The fur trade began as an adjunct to the fishing industry. Early in the 16th century, fishermen from northwest Europe were taking rich catches of cod on the Grand Banks off Newfoundland and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Drying their fish onshore took several weeks. During that time, good relations had to be maintained with Indigenous people, who were eager to obtain metal and cloth goods from the Europeans. What they had to offer in exchange were furs and fresh meat. The fishermen found an eager and profitable market in Europe for the furs.

When the wide-brimmed felt hat came into fashion later in the 16th century, the demand for beaver pelts increased tremendously. The best material for hat felt was the soft underfur of the beaver. Its strands have tiny barbs that make them mat together tightly.

To exploit the trade more effectively, the first French traders established permanent shore bases in Acadia, a post at Tadoussac. They also founded a base at Quebec in 1608. The following year, the Dutch began trading up the Hudson River. In 1614, they established permanent trading posts at Manhattan and upriver at Orange (now Albany, New York). This activity marked the beginning of an intense rivalry between the two commercial empires of the Dutch and the French. It also involved their respective Indigenous allies, the Huron-Wendat and the Haudenosaunee, both of whom were supplied with guns by their European allies. (See also: Indigenous-French Relations.)

Indigenous peoples were important partners in this growing fur trade economy. From roughly 1600 to 1650, the French forged alliances of kinship and trade with the Huron-Wendat, Algonquin and Innu. These peoples helped the French collect and process beaver furs and distribute them to other Indigenous groups throughout their vast trade network, which was established well before the arrival of Europeans. The fur trade provided Indigenous peoples with European goods that they could use for gift-giving ceremonies, to improve their social status and to go to war. The French forged military alliances with their Indigenous allies in order to maintain good trade and social relations. In the 17th century, the French fought against the Haudenosaunee in the struggle for control over resources. This was known as the Beaver Wars or the French and Iroquois Wars.

During the first half of the 17th century, the number of traders flooding into the St. Lawrence River region, and cutthroat competition among them, greatly reduced profits. In an attempt to impose order, the French Crown granted monopolies of the trade to certain individuals. In return, the monopoly holders had to maintain French claims to the new lands and assist in the attempts of the Roman Catholic Church to convert Indigenous people to Christianity.

In 1627, Cardinal Richelieu, first minister of Louis XIII, organized the Compagnie des Cent-Associés to put French territorial claims and the missionary drive on a firmer footing. Four Récollets missionaries were sent to Québec in 1615. They were followed in 1625 by the first members of the powerful Society of Jesus (Jesuits). A mission base, Ste Marie Among the Hurons, was established among the Huron-Wendat near Georgian Bay. However, the Huron-Wendat were more interested in the trade goods of the French than in their religion. And it was fur-trade profits that sustained the missionaries and allowed the company to send hundreds of settlers to the colony. In 1642, Ville-Marie (now Montreal) was founded as a mission centre. In 1645, the company ceded control of the fur trade and the colony’s administration to the colonists. (See also: Communauté des habitants.) Unfortunately, they proved to be inept administrators, and fur-trade returns fluctuated wildly. Finally, after a desperate appeal by the colonial authorities to Louis XIV, the Crown took over the colony in 1663.


Related Questions

can polical apathy be wiped out ,if yes how ,if no how​

Answers

Answer:

Yes, political apathy can be wiped out, and it can be done by making people see how politics affects their daily lives, and how they can get informed in the best manner.

Explanation:

Most people who do not like politics, do not vote, and do not get informed, do so because they are not fully aware of how politics affects their lives and the lives of other people. They are apathetic due to a lack of knowledge, and if they are given this knowledge, they are more likely to get more interested in politics.

For this reason, they should be taught in things such as the political institutions, the political process, how they can vote, what their vote can achieve, who their political representatives are, and what news sources are the most trustworthy and less biased.

Which population endured great suffering as a result of European westward expansion?
A. Chinese Immigrants
B. Mormons
C. Forty-Niners
D. Native Americans

Answers

Answer:

Native americans!

Explanation:

Their land was stolen, and many were killed

I hope this helps

The Native Americans endured great suffering as a result of European westward expansion. The appropriate response is option D.

Who are Native Americans?

Any member of the indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere is referred to as a Native American, also known as an American Indian, Amerindian, Indian, aboriginal American, or First Nation person. However, the term is frequently used to refer only to those groups whose original homelands were in what is now Canada and the United States.

By guaranteeing access to sacred sites, use of sacred materials, and the freedom to practice traditional rites and ceremonies, the American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978 defends the rights of Native Americans to practice their ancient religions.

The European westward expansion caused the Native Americans immense hardship. Their land was taken, and many were slain.

Hence, the appropriate response is option D.

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What was the magna carta

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215

Answer:

The Magna Carta Latin for “Great Charter"... was a document that gave certain rights to the English people. King John of England agreed to it on June 15, 1215. The Magna Carta stated that the king must follow the law. ... It was one of the first documents to state that citizens had such rights.

Explanation:

IN YOUR OWN WORDSExplain one strategy used by either television media or newspapers to get the public on their side.

Answers

Answer:

Emotional Appeal

Explanation:

There are times where the media knows it's viewers well enough, which allows them to be able to emotionally hook the viewer, certain phrases, or words. A good example of this is how the media has dealt with corona.

QUESTION:

Explain one strategy used by either television media or newspapers to get the public on their side.

ANSWER:

Emotional Appeal

There are times where the media knows it's viewers well enough, which allows them to be able to emotionally hook the viewer, certain phrases, or words. A good example of this is how the media has dealt with corona.

Which statement is an example of an opinion?
O A. Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States.
B. In 1846, Abraham Lincoln was elected to the U.S. Congress.
O C. Abraham Lincoln is one of the greatest U.S. presidents.
O D. Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.

Answers

Answer:

O C. Abraham Lincoln is one of the greatest U.S. presidents.

Explanation:

All of the others are facts that are proven to be true. The statement above varies because it is a person's opinion

A Solution to the problem of overcrowding in cities was to

A. Discourage people from living in cities
B. create greenspace
C. Print more books
D. Become a social reformer

Answers

Explanation:

A to discourage people from living in cities because if their overcrowded than that can cause infections.

What is one similarity and one difference between the two inaugurations?

Answers

Answer:Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated on March 4, 1801, 216 years ago, after an unusually bitter election campaign in which he had been portrayed as a radical French Jacobin opposed to the American system of government and an atheist as well who would destroy religion, while his chief opponent, Federalist John Adams, had been portrayed as an elitist who sought to impose British-like monarchical government. To make matters worse, Adams had been bitterly opposed by a faction within his own party. Because the Constitution did not yet allow political parties to run electoral tickets, Jefferson ended up tied with Aaron Burr with the most number of electoral votes. But some Federalists plotted to deprive Jefferson of victory and hoped to have the House of Representatives chose the unprincipled Burr, who they thought they could manipulate. After thirty-seven tie votes in the House, and in part because Alexander Hamilton had thrown his support to Jefferson, the Virginian was chosen as president on February 17, hardly more than two weeks before the March 4 inauguration.

Explanation:

at the battle of bull ran the union army____the confederate army

Answers

Answer:

At the battle of bull run the Union army lost to the Confederate Army.

Explanation:

On both occasions of the fight at Bull Run, the larger Union army was routed by the Confederate Army due to poor leadership management. This would lead to the replacement of many Union generals in the beginning of the year, and end with the eventual permanent replacement with Ulysses S. Grant.

~

Great Depression OWN DEFINITION​

Answers

noun. the economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s.

Answer:

Sad, hopeless and a little bit like a pessimist, with no vision of hope and can often see the worst in things.

How did the failure of the Articles of Confederation lead to the creation of the Constitution and the creation of separation of powers with checks and balances?

Answers

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Although there are no options attached, we can answer the following.

The failure of the Articles of Confederation led to the creation of the Constitution and the creation of separation of powers with checks and balances because the Article of Confederation had left a weak central government that practically was not able to do anything important. The central government, in the hands of Congress, was not able to raise money. If it needed some, it had to ask for it from the states because they were the ones that remained sovereign and could collect money through taxation.

That is why the delegates met at the Constitutional Convention held in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the summer of 1787, to create a new Constitution and a new form of government for the United States.

Much of the art created for use by the Catholic Church during the Renaissance used iconography. What is iconography and how did the Church use it to support its ideas and teachings?

Answers

Answer:

Iconography represents presentation of Jesus Christ, Virgin Mary, apostles and other motifs from the Bible. Church used it to strengthen its authority among the believers and to spread Christianity among believers.

Explanation:

Question of usage of iconography in Churches was a question that was risen in the Middle Ages. In the Renaissance many artists were included in this process. Just take for the example the Sistine Chapel and works that Michelangelo managed to finish there. Church influenced many people with this and tried to strengthen its role.

result of increase population in medieveal cities

Answers

Answer:

This led mostly do larger political stability, development of crafts and trade, but also revival of knowledge, art and education.

Explanation:

After the fall of Western Roman Empire most of the cities in Europe faced decline or disappeared. Therefore most of the people were living in the country side. But, the things started changing in High Middle Ages. Development of trade and crafts contributed to this the most. It also led to creation of new social class, and even to revival of education and even the creation of first universities.

The latest constitution created 3 branches of government: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.

Answers

So what u need help in i dont see a question

two historical sites from Spain, England, and France and their site location

Answers

Answer:

Mezquita, Cordoba

Explanation:

Mezquita, Mosque of Cordoba, Spain

What was the main idea of the Lost Cause that became popular after the Civil War?
O All war is considered a lost cause.
O The North were actually the losers of the Civil War.
O The Civil War was about slavery.
O The Civil War was about states' rights.

Answers

Answer: The Civil War was about states' rights.

Explanation:

How do African people maintain communities even in the middle of slavery?

Answers

Where the slaves were exchanged for sugar, tobacco, or some other product.

I don't really understand the question but i hope this helps i don't know.

do you think peace between Britain and the colonies could have been possible before the Battle of Ticonderoga and the Battle of Bunker Hill?

Answers

Answer:

Yes,  Lexington and Concord plus other early 1775 battles were skirmishes of colonists exerting their rights as British citizens.  As noted by several historians.  

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Battles like Bunker Hill and Ticonderoga showed the militias could achieve some strategic and tactical victories, total independence gained momentum.  Plus King George III started enlarging the British army and navy to crush the rebellion.

Explanation:

Bunker Hill:  June 17, 1775

Revolutionary battle at Fort Ticonderoga:    May 10, 1775

Signing Declaration of Independence:  July 4, 1776.  Official document spelling out in written form what was already taking hold in mindsets of most colonists.

5 most cruel queens....​

Answers

Explanation:

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Mary, Queen of Scots is most notorious for plotting against her cousin Queen Elizabeth I to steal the throne, which ended up resulting in her execution in 1587 at age 44. Interestingly, during their long and tumultuous relationship, Elizabeth I and Mary never actually met in person.

Which of the following is one of the central outcomes of the U.S.
Supreme Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\boxed {\boxed {\sf Established \ Judicial \ Review }}[/tex]

Explanation:

The case of Marbury v. Madison is often considered a landmark Supreme Court Case.

In this case, Marbury wanted his commission for being a judge, but Madison refused to give it to him. Marbury wanted a writ of mandamus to force the government to give him the commission.

Chief Justice John Marshall made many important decisions. The most important was that the Judiciary Act of 1789, which allowed writs of mandamus, was unconstitutional.

This established the principle of Judicial Review for the judicial branch of the government. They can check the other branches by stating a law or act is not constitutional.

Which selection listed below describes Peru under President Alberto Fujimori after he suspended the Constitution and seized complete political power for himself?

Select one:
A. autocracy
B. republic
C. representative democracy
D. communism

Answers

d! i think correct me if i’m wrong

An illustration titled Woman's Holy War, Grand Charge on the Enemy's Works. Women and little girls are riding horseback with an axe and shield. Barrels labeled whiskey, gin, rum, beer, and brandy are broken open and liquid spills across the ground. Why would portraying a woman on horseback and in armor be an effective representation of the temperance movement? It shows how women are at war with alcohol use. It shows how horses were used to deliver the alcohol to saloons. It shows how women needed more weapons to fight alcohol use. It shows how men would be afraid of a woman in armor.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - It shows how women are at war with alcohol use.

Explanation:

In the work of the illustration and represntation of titled Woman's Holy War, Grand Charge on the Enemy's Works potrayed girls and women as riding on the horses with axe and armor also represented the beer drums or alcohol whiskey gin and other bevrages.

This representation show the war against the alcohol from the side of women and childrens that they are agaisnt their man and family head waste their life and future in alcohol which helps in the temperance movement.

Answer:

its a in edge

Explanation:

What attack had Washington been preparing for before the Battle of Yorktown?

Answers

Although the war persisted on the high seas and in other theaters, the Patriot victory at Yorktown ended fighting in the American colonies. Peace negotiations began in 1782, and on September 3, 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed, formally recognizing the United States as a free and independent nation after eight years of war.

Which of the following is not one of the five geographic regions found in North America?
a.Southern Region
b.Canadian Shield
c.Great Plains
d.Caribbean Region

Answers

Answer:

Southern region

Explanation:

What provisions were made for American soldiers who did not speak English?

Answers

Answer:

They were given language training before entering combat

Explanation:

This happened during world war 1. At that time, United States still on the phase where we opened up a lot of opportunities for immigrations. As a result, the military's has a lot of soldiers signing up without good command in English.

This would be a problem if it's left unhandled. These soldiers' wouldn't be able to follow the chain of command that will be given to them in and outside of combat.  As a result, the military's department created provisions to provide them with language training. The purpose is not for them to be bale to speak English directly. Just good enough to understand instructions during the combat and communicate a proper response.

Parliament Limits the English Monarchy Section 5 (pages 614-617 19. List the causes, participants, and outcome of the English Civil War.​

Answers

Answer:

charles the 1 was beheaded

Explanation:

charles the first was beheaded by oliver cromwell after he died charles the 2 came to the throne

Explain why France's government did not see itself as endangered in the years before the Revolution.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

They were extremely wealthy only the peasants were suffering the roallity were wealthy

What future European leader mirrored Napoleon with his invasion of Russia?​

Answers

Answer:

Adolf Hitler

Explanation:

I could only find records of germany attacking russia recently in WW2 so it can only be Hitler

The invention of the telephone made
what form of communication obsolete
during the American Industrial
Revolution?
A. the phonograph
B. the telegraph
C. the steam engine
D. the skyscraper

Answers

Answer:  B. the telegraph

Explanation: I know I am VERY late, and you obviously don't need this answer anymore, but if anyone else needs it, here you go.

The telegraph is the form of communication obsolete during the American Industrial Revolution. Hence, option B is correct.

What is American Industrial Revolution?

The 1870s saw the beginning of the Second Industrial Revolution, also referred to as the American Industrial Revolution, which lasted until the conclusion of World War II. During this time, new forms of transportation like steamships, vehicles, and airplanes were developed along with the mechanization of industries and agriculture.

The beginning of industrialisation in the United States is often attributed to Samuel Slater, a recent immigrant from England, who opened a textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, in 1793.

Some of the elements that historians have acknowledged as causing the Industrial Revolution include the emergence of capitalism, European empire, attempts to mine coal, and the results of the Agricultural Revolution.

Thus, option B is correct.

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Which statement best explains how the invention of paper affected Chinese civilization? Paper production led to more forests, which decreased farming. Only the wealthy were able to use paper because it was expensive to make. The invention of paper resulted in an increase in record keeping, books, and literacy. The methods for creating paper were kept secret for centuries.

Answers

Answer:

C : The invention of paper resulted in an increase in record keeping, books, and literacy.

Explanation:

Answer:

C

The invention of paper resulted in an increase in record keeping, books, and literacy.

What word would best describe the process that Galileo introduced to scientific theory?
A. visualization
B. determination
C. argumentation
D. experimentation

Answers

Answer:

experimentation is best described as a theory of Galileo

Experimentation word would best describe the process that Galileo introduced to scientific theory. Thus, option D is correct.

What is the experimentation?

Experimentation is defunded as a research method that involves consciously manipulating one or more variables and observing the outcome or effect of that manipulation on other variables.

Controls are frequently used in experimental designs to provide a measure of variability within a system as well as a check for sources of error.

Experimenting allows us to make better decisions about our ideas and projects. People frequently make the mistake of running with their ideas without first testing the assumptions underlying the concept.

Therefore, option D is correct, that The process that Galileo introduced to scientific theory is best described by the word experimentation.

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