Calcium, IP3, and cyclic AMP are all small molecules that can be found inside most cells, yet they are known to be important second messengers that can increase or decrease in response to a wide variety of signals. However, each signal often produces completely different responses. Give an example of this phenomenon, and explain how such responses occur.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

they are second messenger molecules capable of triggering different signaling pathways

Explanation:

Second messenger molecules are intracellular signaling molecules that trigger different cellular responses. Examples of second messengers include Calcium ions (Ca2+), Inositol trisphosphate (IP3), and cyclic AMP (cAMP). Secondary messengers may be activated by different cellular responses, for example, cyclases that synthesize cAMP or by opening calcium ion (Ca2+) channels. For example, cAMP signaling is able to activate kinase enzymes that perform phosphorylation and interact with other effector molecules to mediate different biological functions (for example, regulation of glycogen and sugar metabolism). On the other hand, Ca2+ signaling is required for muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, etc. Ca2+ signaling is known to exert allosteric control over enzymes and other types of proteins.


Related Questions

In general, how do sensory systems function?

Answers

Answer:

Sensory nervous system detects and encodes stimuli and then sends signals from receptors. (evidence below for a clearer answer)

Explanation:

"As a whole, the sensory nervous system detects and encodes stimuli and then sends signals from receptors, that is, sense organs or simple sensory nerve endings, to the central nervous system, that is, it transduces environmental signals into electrical signals that are propagated along nerve fibers."

I hope this helps! Have a nice night! Let me know if it doesn't answer your question.

what is meant by ecosystem diversity?

Answers

Answer:

Ecosystem diversity deals with the verity in ecosystems within a location and its overall impact on human existence and the environment.

Explanation:

An example of ecological diversity on a global scale would be in different verity ecosystems, such as deserts, forests, grasslands, wetlands and oceans. Hope this helped and have an awesome day! :)

What determines the function of a specialized cell?

Answers

Answer:

Deoxyribonucleic Acid, or DNA, controls the way cells function. It also determines what type of specialized cells will be made.

Which is true of the reaction below?
2H2 + 02 → 2H,0
A.H2 and O2 are products
B.H2O and O2 are products
C. O2 is a product
D. H2 is a reactant

Answers

Answer: D

Explanation: Everything to the left of the yield, or the arrow, is a reactant (it reacts). Everything on the right side is a product.

Answer:

The answer is D. H2 is a reactant.

Explanation:

I do A P E X.

Meiosis is for?
A.Sexual Reproduction
B.Growth & Healing
C.Asexual Reproduction
D.Producing Gametes

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Answer:

A. Sexual reproduction

How do photoautotrophs make energy?
O They convert carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic compounds into carbohydrates.
O They convert carbon dioxide, water, and organic molecules to carbohydrates.
O They convert carbon dioxide, sunlight, and organic molecules to carbohydrates.
O They covert carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates.

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Cells divide at different rates. Skin cells divide __________. Liver cells divide ____________. Bone marrow, stomach and intestine lining cells divide _____________.
a. never, continuously, sometimes
b. very often, sometimes, continuously
c. continuously, sometimes, never
d. sometimes, never, continuously
Question 2
What are the 2 key molecules that control and coordinate the cell cycle?
a. DNA and RNA
b. CDK and Cyclin
c. Cyclin and mitochondria
d. Apoptosis and CDK

Question 3
A cell dies and the cell next to it enters G1 phase. Which activity would happen next?
a. Chromosome duplication
b. Cell destruction
c. Cell growth
d. Chromosome separation
Question 4
At the end of G1 in Checkpoint 1, what 2 things are checked in order for the cell to proceed into the S phase1?
a. cell growth and DNA check
b. cell growth and chromosome duplication
c. cell division and DNA check
d. cell growth and cell division
Question 5
At the end of S phase in Checkpoint 2, what 2 things are checked in order for the cell to proceed into the G2 phase?
a. chromosome duplication and cell division
b. cell growth and chromosome duplication
c. cell division and DNA check
d. cell growth and cell division
Question 6
At the beginning of mitosis in Checkpoint 2, what is checked in order for the cell to proceed mitosis?
a
cell growth
b
cell division
c
chromosomes are attached to spindles
d
chromosome duplication
Question 7
What happens when the cell “supervisors” CDK and Cyclins do not work correctly?
a
The cell can become cancerous.
b
The cell is completley normal.
c
Damaged cells are destroyed.
d
The damage in the cell is repaired.
Question 8
Which of these must occur during S phase of the cell cycle so that two daughter cells can be produced during M phase?
a
The DNA must be replicated.
b
The cell membrane must be expanded.
c
The cytoplasm must be separated.
d
The chromosomes must be joined.
Question 9
This final process of cellular division where the cytoplasm is divided into two cells is called
a
Cytokinesis
b
Meiosis
c
Mitosis
d
Interphase
Question 10
Which of the following activities occurs in between the two gap phases (G1 and G2)?

a
Replication of DNA
b
Growth of the cell
c
formation of mitotic spindle
d
breakdown of nuclear membrane
Question 11
If a dog (canis familiaris) has 78 chromosomes in each of its body cells, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell after mitosis?
a
78
b
39
c
26
d
156
Question 12
The stages of mitosis occur in which of the following orders?
a
A-P-M-T
b
T-A-M-P
c
P-M-A-T
d
M-T-P-A
Question 13
Before DNA can replicate the DNA molecule separates into two strands, which are then used to construct 2 identical strands of DNA. This process ensures that the
a
parent cells use little ATP
b
mitochondria are genetically identical to chloroplasts
c
cytoplasm is in equillibrium
d
daughter cells are genetically identical to parent cells
Question 14
Which of the following organelles organizes the movement of chromosomes during mitosis?
a
endoplasmic reticulum
b
lysosome
c
centriole
d
peroxisome
Question 15
G1 Phase, S Phase, and G2 Phase are all parts of -
a
Mitosis
b
Interphase
c
Cytokinesis
d
Telophase

Answers

Answer:

umm sorry umm i just forgot what was the answer

Explanation:

A dry beaker has a mass of 55.0 g. When 50.0 mL of water is added to the beaker, the mass of the water and the beaker is 105.0 g. What is the density of the water?

Answers

The answer is 2.1 g/ml

D = M/V

105.5/50.0 = 2.1

⚠️⚠️⚠️ help please ⚠️⚠️⚠️


Factors such as a person's age, environment, and
lifestyle may
affect the genotype.
affect the phenotype.
affect both genotype and phenotype
affect neither the genotype nor the
phenotype.
O

Answers

Answer:

affect the phenotype.

Some tools contain permanent magnets. What two types of materials could these tools pick up?

A. Materials that contain a magnetic material, such as iron

B. Materials that contain glue or other adhesives

C. Materials that contain other magnets

D. Materials that contain a ceramic, such as glass​

Answers

I believe A. is the correct answer

Permanent magnets are the objects producing the invisible magnetic field. The tools containing the permanent magnets will pick the magnets and iron. Thus, options A and C are correct.

What are permanent magnets?

Permanent magnets are the magnetic field-producing materials that pull or repel the ferromagnetic materials towards or away from themselves. The magnetic field is produced from the internal magnetic material.

They are formed when the ferromagnetic objects are heated at high temperatures and have those properties for a very long time. These magnets can attract objects that have magnetic fields around them like iron and other magnets.

Therefore, a permanent magnet will attract magnets and magnetic materials like iron.

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What is the geosphere?

Answers

Answer:

the geosphere is the earth itself the rocks the minerals and landforms of the surface and interior.

Answer:

The geosphere is all Earth’s solid like soil . Geo a Greek word which means earth.

Explanation:

The advantage of having large vertebrae at the base of the vertebral column is having stability in terms of the center of gravity of the person

Answers

Answer:

what grade are u in?

Explanation:

In the graph below, which letter represents the activation energy of a catalyzed reaction and why?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A) Y; the activation energy is reduced in a catalyzed reaction

(Choice B) X; the activation energy is greater in a catalyzed reaction

(Choice C) X; the activation energy is greater in an uncatalyzed reaction

(Choice D) Y; the activation energy is greater in an uncatalyzed reaction



Report a problem

Answers

Answer: Choice C) X; the activation energy is greater in an uncatalyzed reaction

Explanation: I got this question on khan academy.

The option that represents the activation energy of a catalyzed reaction is C. X; the activation energy is greater in an uncatalyzed reaction.

Activation energy simply means the minimum amount of energy that should be provided for compounds that'll result in a chemical reaction.

It should be noted that the activation energy for uncatalyzed conversion to the products will be more than that of the catalyzed reaction. In this case, X; the activation energy is greater in an uncatalyzed reaction.

Read related link on:

https://brainly.com/question/19522206

Complete the statement: Any mechanical device which is used to help people do work is a______.​

Answers

Answer:

Machine

Explanation:

8th grade science class vibes

Earth's layers are arranged by

Answers

Answer: they are arranged in order from the exterior to the interior

Explanation: :the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core

Answer:

the exterior to the interior – the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core.

Explanation:

I think that's right‍♀️

During winter's freezing temperatures, some plants can remove water from their cells to reduce the amount of water that will freeze inside them. Why would plants need to do this

Answers

Answer:

The expansion of excess water as it turns to ice inside the cells would break the cells apart

Explanation:

We know that water expands anomalously. It expands between 4- 0°C.

Hence water expands upon freezing. Ice has more volume than liquid water and takes up more space in plant cells.

The expansion of excess water as it turns to ice inside the cells would break the cells apart

Which is the most likely outcome of an increased climate temperature?
a growth of ice caps
b decreased flooding
c lowering ocean levels
d unstable weather problems

Answers

Answer:

Unstable Weather patters

Explanation:

Pretty Sure

All cells contain two proteins called actin and myosin? True or false

Answers

Answer: i think its true

Explanation:

True  that all eukaryotic cell i.e. muscle cells. contains actin and myosin protein .

What are actin and myosin protein?Actin filaments are responsible for a variety of cell motions, generally in conjunction with myosin. Myosin is a molecular motor prototype—a protein that transfers chemical energy in the form of ATP into mechanical energy, allowing it to generate force and movement. Muscle contraction is the most noticeable type of such movement, and it has served as a model for studying actin-myosin interactions and myosin motor activity. Actin and myosin interactions, on the other hand, are essential for not just muscle contraction but also a range of non muscle cell motions, including cell division, making them important in cell biology.Actin is a protein found in all eukaryotic cells. Actin filaments move along filaments of another protein called myosin to cause cells to contract. It was initially found in skeletal muscle. Actin filaments are less structured in non muscle cells, and myosin is considerably less prominent.

Hence, the given statement is true.

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What is the cell theory
statement is MOST
associated with allowing for
the growth of multicellular
individuals?

Answers

Hi, There thank for posting your question here at Brainly, I hope the helps have a wonderful day
In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms and also the basic unit of reproduction.

What are the compounds used in mitochondria for cellular respiration?

Answers

Most of the steps of cellular respiration take place in the Mitochondria. Oxygen and glucose are both reactants in the process of cellular respiration. The main product of cellular respiration is ATP; waste products include carbon dioxide and water.

Glucose is Key to keeping the mechanisms of the body in top working order. When our glucose levels are optimal, it often goes unnoticed. But when they stare from recommended boundaries, you’ll notice that unhealthy effect it has a normal functioning.

Oxygen is a colorless, oder less reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air.

Mitochondria is an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to for layers and that’s called critstae.

Which factor can decrease the rate of a chemical reaction?
Olow activation energy
O high pressure
O low temperature
O high concentration of enzyme

Answers

Answer:

Low temperature

Explanation:

because.

Have a great day!!!

The factor that can decrease the rate of a chemical reaction is a low temperature.

What is chemical reaction?

A chemical reaction is the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances into another.

A low temperature is one factor that can slow down a chemical reaction. A chemical reaction is defined as a process that transforms one set of chemical substances into another.

The rate of a chemical reaction is a measure of how quickly the reaction takes place.

A low temperature can slow down a chemical reaction by lowering the kinetic energy of the reacting molecules.

This means the molecules move slower and are less likely to collide with enough energy to break bonds and form new ones. As a result, the reaction rate slows down.

Thus, the answer is low temperature.

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Compare and contrast the disposal of waste via composting and via recycling. What are the
pros and cons of each type?

Answers

Answer: Commercial Trash Management, Consulting, Cost Reduction and Zero Waste Programs. Compliance, training, recycle and compost program implementation, waste equipment.

Explanation:

Among the newly-discovered small noncoding RNAs, one type reestablishes methylation patterns during gamete formation and blocks expression of some transposons. What are these types of RNA called

Answers

Answer:

piwi-interacting RNAs (piwi-RNAs)

Explanation:

The piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (from 21 to 31 nucleotides) that are abundantly expressed in the animal germline in order to control the expression of target sequences. The piRNAs associate with PIWI proteins from the Argonaute family (AGO) to form an effector complex that binds to complementary target DNA/RNA sequences. These small ncRNAs target Transposable Element (TE) transcripts to suppress TE expression and thus maintain genome integrity. The piRNAs can also guide epigenetic remodeling complexes that suppress gene expression by methylation of target DNA sequences in the nucleus.

Use the figure below to answer the following question:
Atmosphere
Pants
trogen
Animals
A
Wach
Death
turint and tece
B
E
Dentlying
bacteria
Decomposers
Nitrates
NO,
D
rogering
bacteria in
plant roots
Nying
bacteria
С
F
Nitrogen-foong
bacteris in so
(Pl 4,
In the part labeled B plants take up nitrogen through their roots. What is this process
called?
O Nitrification
O Ammonification
Assimilation
O Denitrification

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

bkvdfobjeijvfkmbijbirtjgbtrkbtrginjkf g

HELP PLEASE!!

Celeste found this article in a neighborhood newsletter.

Hey, Kiddos! Come and join the gang at our Spring Fling next Saturday, March 20. Meet at the North Pavilion at 11:30 a.m. for games, prizes, and a tug-of-war. There’ll be hot dogs and root beer floats! Don't forget sunscreen and a lawn chair.


The intended audience for this article is

A. young children in the neighborhood. The writer's style is informal, and the purpose is to persuade kids to come to a party.

B. parents in the neighborhood. The writer's style is informal, and the purpose is to educate adults about a community party.

C. young children in the neighborhood. The writer's style is formal, and the purpose is to educate children about community traditions.

D. parents in the neighborhood. The writer's style is formal, and the purpose is to entertain readers with funny stories of a neighborhood event.

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

it clear and short enough for kids

plz help as soon as possible ​

Answers

Answer:

2nd ans

Explanation:

awnser 2. its XAXa you welcome :)

What is the answer here?

Answers

Answer:
My best guess would be RR and rr

Which is not a principle of the cell theory?

Answers

Answer:

very few cells are able to reproduce

Explanation:

What affects an ecosystem more, the abiotic factors that make it up, or the communities living in to?

Answers

Answer:

Species, A group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring ... Community, All the populations of all the different species that live together in a particular area ... Ecosystems are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. ... not abiotic. Some people think that if an organism is no longer alive,

Explanation:

I hope this kinda helps.

Coral needs sunlight to grow. True or false identify if it is false.

Answers

Answer:

Yes ,corals depend on the zooxanthellae (algae) that grow inside of them for oxygen and other things, and since these algae needs sunlight to survive, corals also need sunlight to survive.

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Corals need to grow in shallow water where sunlight can reach them. Corals depend on the zooxanthellae (algae) that grow inside of them for oxygen and other things, and since these algae needs sunlight to survive, corals also need sunlight to survive.

Hope this helps ya!

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