Complete the electron-pushing mechanism for the reaction by drawing the necessary organic structures and curved arrows for each step. Make sure to include all nonbonding electron pairs.Consider the following reaction: Complete the electron-pushing mechanism for the reaction by drawing the necessary organic structures and curved arrows for each step. Make sure to include all nonbonding electron pairs. Step 1: treatment with NaBH 4 Add curved arrows for the first step. Treat Na + as a spectator ion. Step 2: treatment with D 2 O Add curved arrows for the second step. Do not show Na + counter ion. Final products Draw the products of the last step (hint: one organic and one inorganic species), including all nonbonding electron pairs. Do not show Na + counter ion.

Answer: Valence, Atoms

Compound A's (ethanimine) conjugate acid will be CH3-CH=NH2+. Compound B's (acetonitrile) conjugate acid will be CH3-CNH2+.

It is a colorless, flavorless, and odorless gas that makes up the majority of the atmosphere on Earth and is a component of all living things. Nitrogen is a chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest element in the pnictogens, group 15 of the periodic table. It is a common element in the universe and is thought to be the eighth most abundant element overall in the Milky Way and the Solar System.

The primary source of nitrogen for atmospheric deposition is the combustion on fossil fuels like coal and oil. Nitrogen may be deposited in the atmosphere as dry particulates, gases, or droplets or as a wet form such as rainfall, snow, hail, fog, or freezing rain. Nitrogen primarily comes from the atmosphere. It is made comprised of this harmless, colorless gas in 78 percent of its composition.

Compound B (acetonitrile), which possesses a nitrogen atom with a higher positive charge and more electronegative properties that make it more stable after receiving a proton, is the strongest acid.

Compound A (ethanimine) has the strongest base because its nitrogen atom has a higher electron density and is better equipped to receive a proton.

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The equilibrium expression Kc for the reaction can be written as -

                                                 [tex]Kc = \frac{O_{3}^{2} }{O_{2} ^{3} }[/tex]

Equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction at equilibrium is defined as the ratio of concentration of products to the concentration of reactants, each raised to their respective stoichiometric coefficients.

The expression that links Kc to the equilibrium concentration of reactants and products and stoichiometry of the equation is called equilibrium expression.

Kc is the equilibrium constant where subscript c refers to the fact that concentrations have been used in the calculations. The units of Kc depend on the equilibrium expression.

Therefore, the equilibrium expression Kc for the reaction can be written as -

                                                 [tex]Kc = \frac{O_{3}^{2} }{O_{2} ^{3} }[/tex]

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The balance chemical equation is 2H₃PO₄ + 3Mg(OH)₂ → Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + 6H₂O

This is an example of an acid and base neutralizing one another to create salt and water. The reaction is exothermic, emits heat, and can be balanced by adding balancing numbers in front, or molecules, to make sure that the sum of the atom counts for each element on the left and right sides of the equation is the equal.

The law of conservation of matter, which stipulates that matter cannot be generated or destroyed, must be taken into account in order to balance a chemical equation.

H₃PO₄ + Mg(OH)₂ → Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + H₂O

This law states that whatever is available on the reactant side must also be available on the product side.

We must count the atoms on each side of the equation to balance it, and we might also use the number of moles.

The equation is balanced when

2H₃PO₄ + 3Mg(OH)₂ → Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + 6H₂O

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The change in the boiling point of a solution always depends on the solute.

The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure experienced by the liquid. A liquid in a vacuum will have a lower boiling point than if it were under atmospheric pressure.

A solution has a higher boiling point than the pure solvent. This is because the solution must reach a temperature where the boiling pure solvent (eg water 100°C) must also exceed the boiling point of thore solute. So the boiling point of a solution depends on the solute.

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The molar masses of the compounds are;

a)  342 g/mol

b)  149 g/mol

c)  60 g/mol

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, usually expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It is calculated by adding up the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule, or the formula weight of a compound. The molar mass is an important concept in chemistry, as it allows scientists to calculate the amount of a substance present in a sample based on its mass or vice versa.

We can calculate the molar masses as follows;

a) 2(27) + 3(32 + 4(16))

= 342 g/mol

b) 3(14 + 4(1)) + 31 + 4(16)

= 149 g/mol

c) 2(12) + 4(1) + 2(16)

= 24 + 4 + 32

= 60 g/mol

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The mass could vary within the range of 15.00 - 15.04 g. So, the correct option is B.

When a measurement is made, there is always some level of uncertainty associated with it due to limitations in the precision of the instrument being used or other factors. The level of uncertainty can be expressed using the significant figures of the measurement. In this case, the mass is recorded to two decimal places, so the uncertainty is typically assumed to be ±0.01 g.

Therefore, the range of possible values for the mass would be 15.02 ± 0.01 g, or 15.01 - 15.03 g. Option a is the closest range to this value. It's important to keep in mind that the range of uncertainty may be larger or smaller depending on the instrument used and the level of precision required for a particular application.

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Zinc: 0.75%, Copper: 99.25%. Zn and Cu are the symbols for zinc and copper, two chemical elements.

Generally, The composition of a penny is 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper by weight. The zinc core of a penny is covered by a thin copper plating.

The copper plating is what gives the penny its distinct copper color.

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The number of moles of 77.4 grams of C₅H₁₀O₅ is 0.52 mol.

To determine the number of moles of C₅H₁₀O₅ in 77.4 grams, we need to divide the mass by the molar mass of the compound.

The molar mass of C₅H₁₀O₅ is:

5(12.01 g/mol) + 10(1.01 g/mol) + 5(16.00 g/mol) = 150.15 g/mol

So, the number of moles of C₅H₁₀O₅ in 77.4 grams is:

n = m/M = 77.4 g / 150.15 g/mol

n = 0.515 mol (rounded to 2 decimal spaces)

Therefore, 77.4 grams of C₅H₁₀O₅ is equivalent to 0.52 mol of C₅H₁₀O₅.

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The correct answer is A) NH4+. When a strong base is added to a solution containing NH4+, it reacts with water to produce ammonia gas (NH3) and hydroxide ions (OH-), according to the following equation:

NH4+ + OH- → NH3 + H2O

The ammonia gas produced is responsible for turning the moist red litmus blue, indicating the presence of a base. This reaction is commonly referred to as the ammonium ion hydrolysis reaction.

In contrast, adding a strong base to a solution containing CO32- or Cl- ions will not produce a gas that can cause the litmus paper to turn blue. The carbonate ion (CO32-) would react with a strong acid to release carbon dioxide gas, but it will not release gas upon addition of a strong base. Similarly, the chloride ion (Cl-) is a spectator ion and does not participate in the reaction with the base.

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the pressure will be increased by a factor of 2.

what is the relationship between the pressure, volume and the temperature ?

The relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas is described by the ideal gas law, which is expressed as PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. According to this law, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, assuming that the volume and number of moles remain constant.

In the given scenario, the gas is heated from 200 K to 400 K, while the container remains sealed and rigid, which means that the volume and number of moles of gas remain constant. As a result, the pressure of the gas must increase by a factor of 2, since the temperature has also increased by a factor of 2.

This can also be explained by the kinetic theory of gases, which states that the pressure of a gas is related to the average kinetic energy of its particles. When the gas is heated, its particles gain kinetic energy and move faster, which causes them to collide with the walls of the container more frequently and with greater force. This increase in collision frequency and force results in an increase in pressure, as described by the ideal gas law.

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Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime.

Calcium carbonate is the calcium salt with formula CCaO3. It has a role as an antacid, a food coloring, a food firming agent and a fertilizer and much more. It is a calcium salt, a carbonate salt, a one-carbon compound and an inorganic calcium salt.

Calcium carbonate is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer.

488 moles of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) can be calculated by using its molecular weight. Calcium carbonate has a molecular weight of 100.0869 g/mol. To calculate the mass of 488 moles, we can multiply the molecular weight by the number of moles:

mass = molecular weight x number of moles

mass = 100.0869 g/mol x 488 mol

mass = 48,842.4072 g

So, the mass of 488 moles of calcium carbonate is approx. 48,842.4072 grams.

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The mass of water produced when 9.60 g of butane reacts with excess oxygen is 14.85 gram.

The chemical reaction between substances, usually considering oxygen and usually accompanied by the generation of heat and light in the form of flame is called as combustion reaction.

C4H10(g) + 13 /2 O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 5H2O(l)

Moles of butane = 9.60⋅g / 58.12⋅g⋅mol−1

= 0.165mol.

We assume complete combustion, and know that each mole of butane gives off 5 mol of water upon combustion.

Given that we know the molar quantity of butane, we simply perform the operation,

= 5 × 0.165 × 18.01

= 14.85 gram

Thus, the mass of water produced when 9.60 g of butane reacts with excess oxygen is 14.85 gram.

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To calculate the R_f values in the student's experiment, you would need to measure the distance traveled by each solute spot and the distance traveled by the solvent front. Then, you would divide the distance traveled by each solute spot by the distance traveled by the solvent front to get the R_f value for each spot.

The R_f values are the ratio of the distance traveled by the solute to the distance traveled by the solvent. It is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the solute by the distance traveled by the solvent front.

In chromatography, the R_f value is used to identify compounds by comparing the R_f value of a known compound to the R_f value of an unknown compound.


For example, if a solute spot traveled 4 cm and the solvent front traveled 8 cm, the R_f value for that spot would be 4/8 = 0.5. If another solute spot traveled 6 cm and the solvent front traveled 8 cm, the R_f value for that spot would be 6/8 = 0.75.

By calculating the R_f values for each spot, the student can compare the R_f values to known compounds to identify the components of the mixture.

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The following is the correct Newman projection for the following compound as viewed down the indicated bond. The correct wedge and dash conformation for the following Newman projection is:  IV

A Newman projection is a way of visualizing the conformation of a molecule around a single bond. The projection is created by looking directly down the bond axis, with one atom in front and one atom in back. The front atom is typically represented by a dot, and the back atom is usually hidden behind the front atom.

The 3D structure of organic molecules is depicted using the wedge and dash conformation. It is frequently used in organic chemistry to display how substituents are oriented around chiral centers. The atoms in this conformation are dots, and the bonds in the molecule are represented by lines. Dashes and wedges depict bonds entering and exiting the paper's or screen's plane, respectively.

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a. 7.623 × 10⁵ nm is expressed as 762300nm

b. 5.34 × 10⁻³ L is expressed as 0.00534

Following numerals are explain below:

A numeral is a name or symbol that represents a certain number. Examples include the numerals three, four, and twelve. So, the numeral is how we express the number, which is a concept. Reason: A numeral is a word that describes a number, whereas a number is conveyed via digits.

c. 5.453 × 10⁶ m is expressed as 5453000

d. 6.791 × 10⁻⁵pm is expressed as 6791m

e. 2.4 × 10⁹pg is expressed as 2400000000

f. 3.65 × 10⁵ is expressed as 365000

g. 3.4287 × 10⁻⁶L is expressed as 0.0000034287

h. 9.2 × 10²mL is expressed as 920L

i. 6.927 × 10⁴  is expressed as 69270m

j. 9.23 × 10⁻³ is expressed as 0.00923

Thus, a. 7.623 × 10⁵ nm is expressed as 762300nm.

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The number of atom in  5.18 g Pb is 151 x 10²³ atoms and 2.26 g Hg is  68 x 10²³ atoms

a. 5.18 g Pb:

n = m/M = 5.18 g / 207.2 g/mol = 0.025 moles

N = n x N₀ = 0.025 moles x 6.022 x 10²³ atoms/mol = 151 x 10²³ atoms

b. 2.26 g Hg:

n = m/M = 2.26 g / 200.6 g/mol = 0.0113 moles

N = n x N₀ = 0.0113 moles x 6.022 x 10²³ atoms/mol = 68 x 10²³ atoms

c. 1.87 g Bi:

n = m/M = 1.87 g / 208.9 g/mol = 0.009 moles

N = n x N₀ = 0.009 moles x 6.022 x 10²³ atoms/mol = 54 x 10²³ atoms

d. 0.082 g Sr:

n = m/M = 0.082 g / 87.62 g/mol = 0.000939 moles

N = n x N₀ = 0.000939 moles x 6.022 x 10²³ atoms/mol = 56 x 10² atoms

A particle known as an atom is made up of a nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by an electron cloud. The chemical elements are distinguished from one another by the number of protons in their atoms, which is the basic particle of the elements.

There are two kinds of elementary particles that make up an atom: quarks and electrons. The space that surrounds an atom's nucleus is occupied by electrons. The electrical charge of an electron is -1. The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons, which are made up of quarks.

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The statement (laundry detergent is not just soap. there are certain chemicals in detergent that allow greater solvency, more cleaning power, fewer suds, and open up the weave of the fabrics to allow greater chemical penetration) this is true because laundry detergents often contain a number of additional chemicals that boost their cleaning ability and make them more effective than soap alone.

Soap alone is not laundry detergent. While soap and detergent are both surfactants that are used to clean clothes, laundry detergents typically contain more of these chemicals than soap.

Enzymes, builders, bleaches, and other additives are examples of the extra chemicals that can be added to the detergent to help with stain removal, water softening, whitening, and overall effectiveness. Laundry detergents are also designed to produce fewer suds than soap, which can assist to protect washing machines and lower the quantity of water required to rinse the garments.

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Answer:

Solution:

1. Calculate the total volume of the two solutions:

Volume 1 = 100 cm3

Volume 2 = 50 cm3

Total Volume = 150 cm3

2. Calculate the total mass of each solution:

Mass of Solution 1 = (Volume x Density) x Mass Fraction HCl

= (100 cm3 x 1.180 g/cm3) x 0.36

= 43.2 g

Mass of Solution 2 = (Volume x Density) x Mass Fraction HCl

= (50 cm3 x 1.100 g/cm3) x 0.20

= 11 g

3. Calculate the total mass of the two solutions combined:

Total Mass = 43.2 g + 11 g

= 54.2 g

4. Calculate the mass fraction of hydrochloric acid in the new solution:

Mass Fraction HCl = Total Mass of HCl / Total Mass of Solutions

= 54.2 g / (43.2 g + 11 g)

= 0.55

Therefore, the mass fraction of hydrochloric acid obtained by merging 100 cm3 of a solution of hydrochloric acid with a mass fraction of HCl 36%, and 50 cm3 of a solution of hydrochloric acid with a mass fraction of HCl 20%, is 0.55.

The answer is Structure 1) very broad, centered about 3330 cm-1.; 2) strong, sharp 1717 cm-1 ; 3) broad with spikes at 3367cm-1 and 3392cm-1.; 4) sharp, 2254cm-1; 5) strong, slightly broadened, 1645cm-1.

The structure with their respective characteristics are:

Structure 1: very broad, centered about 3330 cm-1.

Structure 2: strong, sharp 1717 cm-1.

Structure 3: broad with spikes at 3367cm-1 and 3392cm-1.

Structure 4: sharp, 2254cm-1 .

Structure 5: strong, slightly broadened, 1645cm-1.

OH (hydroxide), a chemical compound made up of a single oxygen atom bonded to a single hydrogen atom. It is usually written OH- in aqueous solutions.

O, [tex]NH_{2}[/tex] and CN are chemical symbols. O is oxygen, NH2 is an amine function and CN is a cyanide function. It is functional group consisting of the nitrogen atom bonded to one or two hydrogen atoms. Cyanide is a functional group consisting of a carbon atom bonded to a nitrogen atom. Both functional groups are very reactive and are also found in many organic compounds.

Full Question:

These five structures all have distinguishing absorption in the IR. Match each structure with its characteristic absorption.

(a) sharp, 2254 cm-1

(b) very broad, centered about 3330cm-1

(c) strong, slightly broadened, 1645cm-1

(d) broad with spikes at 3367cm-1 and 3392cm-1

(e) strong, sharp 1717cm-1

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By dragging each description to the appropriate target area to form the correct sequence of events that occurs when an action potential is generated. when all the descriptions have been placed. Here discussion are done on the basis of sodium-potassium pumps

Mammals have two main kinds of sodium channels: the epithelial sodium channel and the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) family (ESC). Different cell types in the body include voltage-gated sodium channels, although epithelial sodium channels are mostly found in the skin and kidney.

The correct order is as follows:

1) The axon is in its resting state. The interior is negative.

2) Sodium channels open

3) Sodium ions flow into the axon, making the interior positive.

4) Potassium channel open

5) Potassium ions flow out of the axon , making the interior negative

6) Sodium Potassium pumps restore the proper ion ratios.

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The complete question is as follows:

the concentration of glucose inside a cell is 0.1 mM and the cell is suspended in a glucose solution of 0.01 mM: =  [tex]5.93* 10^{-6} KJ[/tex]

Part A:  Glucose concentration inside cell = 0.1 mm - concentration of glucose outside cell= 0.01 mm

Temperature = 2.73 + 37 = 310k

Gibb's free energy

ΔG = RT in {(Glucose)in/(Glucose)out }

= 8.314 J/molk * 310K * ln (0.1/0.001) = 5934.54 J/mol

Energy transported = (5934.54J/mol [tex]* 10^{-6}[/tex] mol)

                                  = (5.93 [tex]* 10^{-6}[/tex] ) KJ

Part B: Glucose concentration in cell = 1 mm

Glucose concentration outside cell = 10 mm

Temperature = 273+37 = 310 K

Gibb's free energy

ΔG = RT ln {(glucose)in (glucose)out}

= 8.314 J/molK [tex]* 310 *[/tex] ln (0.1 mm/ 10.00 mm)

= -5934.54 J/mol

energy transported = (-5934.34.54 J/mol [tex]*[/tex] [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] ) moles

                                 = (-5.934 [tex]* 10^{-6}[/tex] ) KJ

Part C:

ΔG of ArP hydrolysis = -32.2 KJ/mol

The mumber of moles of ATP formedis calculated =

moles of ATP = (-5.934[tex]* 10^{-6}[/tex] KJ/-32.2 KJ/mol )

                       = (1.84 [tex]* 10^{-7}[/tex] ) moles

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The pressure of the dry oxygen gas alone is 736.2 torr.To determine the pressure of the dry oxygen gas, we need to first account for the contribution of water vapor to the total pressure. At a temperature of 25°C, the vapor pressure of water is 23.8 torr [1].

Since the sample of oxygen was collected over water, the total pressure is the sum of the pressure of the oxygen gas and the vapor pressure of water. Thus:

total pressure = pressure of oxygen gas + vapor pressure of water

760.0 torr = pressure of oxygen gas + 23.8 torr

Solving for the pressure of the oxygen gas alone, we get:

pressure of oxygen gas = 760.0 torr - 23.8 torr

pressure of oxygen gas = 736.2 torr

Therefore, the pressure of the dry oxygen gas alone is 736.2 torr.

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You would need to add approximately 0.2 μL of 6M HCl acid to 800 mL of 100 mM TRIS buffer at.

To calculate how much 6M HCl you need to add to lower the pH of a 800 mL solution of 100 mM TRIS from pH 10.2 to pH 7.0, you need to determine the initial and final concentrations of the TRIS buffer, and use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

where;

First, calculate the initial concentration of TRIS- and HTRIS:

TRIS- concentration = 100 mM × 10^(-10.2) = 6.31 × 10^(-6) M

HTRIS concentration = 100 mM - 6.31 × 10^(-6) M = 99.99999369 mM

Next, determine the desired final concentration of TRIS- and HTRIS:

TRIS- concentration = 10^(-7.0) = 1 × 10^(-7) M

HTRIS concentration = 100 mM - 1 × 10^(-7) M = 99.9999999 mM

Now, use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate the amount of HCl needed to achieve the desired pH:

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

7.0 = 8.1 + log([1 × 10^(-7)]/[99.9999999])

log([1 × 10^(-7)]/[99.9999999]) = -1.1

[1 × 10^(-7)]/[99.9999999] = 0.0794

[1 × 10^(-7)] = 0.0794 × [99.9999999]

[1 × 10^(-7)] = 7.93999993 × 10^(-6) M

[HA] = 100 mM - 7.93999993 × 10^(-6) M = 99.99999206 mM

The difference in [H+] concentration between the initial and final buffer conditions is:

[H+] concentration difference = [HA]initial - [HA]final

= 99.99999369 mM - 99.99999206 mM

= 0.00000163 M

To calculate the amount of 6M HCl needed to achieve this change in [H+], use the following formula:

moles of HCl = volume of buffer (L) × concentration difference (M)

where;

moles of HCl = 0.800 L × 0.00000163 M = 1.304 × 10^(-6) moles

Finally, convert moles of HCl to volume of 6M HCl needed:

volume of 6M HCl = moles of HCl ÷ concentration of HCl

The concentration of 6M HCl is 6 mol/L or 6,000 mM.

volume of 6M HCl = (1.304 × 10^(-6) moles) ÷ (6,000 mM)

= 0.219 μL or approximately 0.2 μL (microliters)

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The term mole concept is used here to determine the number of atoms in 55.2 g of NaOH. The number of atoms in 55.2 g of NaOH is 8.31 × 10²³.

One mole of a substance is defined as that quantity of it which contains as many entities as there are atoms exactly in 12 g of carbon - 12. The formula used to calculate the number of moles is:

Number of moles (n) = Given mass / Molar mass

n = 55.2 / 39.99 = 1.380 moles

a. Number of atoms = n × 6.022 × 10²³

1.380 × 6.022 × 10²³ = 8.31 × 10²³

b. Number of moles = 4.58 × 10²³ / 6.022 × 10²³ = 0.7605 moles

Mass of (NH₄)₂CO₃ = 0.7605 × 96.09 = 73.07 g

c. Number of moles = 1.46 × 10²⁴ / 6.022 × 10²³ = 0.242 moles

Mass of CaCl₂ =  0.242 × 110.98 = 26.85 g

d. Number of moles = 1.230 / 187.56 = 0.0065 moles

Number of atoms = 0.0065 × 6.022 × 10²³ = 3.91 × 10²¹

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Element (Si), Element (Oxygen) in molecular form (O2), Compound (H2O2), Compound (Fe2O3), Compound (CH4).

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If the hydrate compounds are heated, they lose the water molecules by evaporation from their crystal lattice and they become anhydrous compounds. Thus, copper sulphate penta hydrate will form CuSO₄ solid on heating.

Hydrates are compounds with absorbed water molecules within their crystal lattice. The ability of absorption of moisture from the surrounding and form hydrates is called deliquescence.

Copper sulphate forms its various hydrates such as dihydrates, pentahydrates, hexahydrates etc. The hydrate  Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate,  CuSO₄. 5 H₂O contains 5 water molecules per one formula unit.

When this compound is heated, the water molecules will evaporate from the hydrate and become dry form called anhydrous. Thus, it will form anhydrous  CuSO₄.

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In a balanced equation a molecule is made up of two or more atoms that have been chemically composed.

The term balanced equation is defined as the mass of reactant is exactly similar to the mass of product in chemical reaction.

In a balanced equation two or more than two atoms are combined to produced molecule tha is also called as product. The right side of atoms known as reactant whereas the left side atoms or molecule are known as product.

Thus, Two or more than two atoms joined top formed molecule.

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The solution in the bag turned dark purple and glucose could be found in the iodine water within the beaker because:

The definition of diffusion is the transfer of individual molecules of a material from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration over a semipermeable barrier.

The iodine experiments show the process of diffusion.

Therefore, the correct options are a, b, d, and e.

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The number of significant figures that should be recorded for the answer will be only one which is 8.

Algebra is the study of abstract symbols, while logic is the manipulation of all those ideas.

The acronym PEMDAS stands for Parenthesis, Exponent, Multiplication, Division, Addition, and Subtraction. This approach is used to answer the problem correctly and completely.

The numbers are 43.6 and 21.2. Then the addition of the numbers is given as,

⇒ 43.6 + 21.2

⇒ 64.8

The number of significant figures that should be recorded for the answer will be only one which is 8.

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Answer: 3

Explanation: